CARRY-OVER EFFECTS OF HIGH FERTILIZER RATES ON NATIVE SEDGE BOG VEGETATION IN INTERIOR BRITISH COLUMBIA

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Pringle ◽  
A. L. van Ryswyk
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Fertilizer Response ◽  
Equal Importance ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Complete Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

A factorial fertilizer trial using rates of 0, 224 and 448 kg/ha of N, P2O5 and K2O in all combinations, was established on a sedge bog in the Cariboo area of British Columbia. Yields taken in the subsequent 5 years showed that a complete fertilizer in a 1:1:2 ratio was most efficient. The most limiting of the three elements was P, followed by K. Nitrogen had an effect in the first year only. Yearly fluctuations in yields and certain fertilizer response could be related to monthly precipitation. Tissue analysis revealed that, where supplied, N and P were increased in the first year only while K was increased in all years by the higher application rate. Presumably, it was taken up in luxury amounts in the first year. Digestibility of the forage was not affected by fertilizer treatment. It was concluded that hay quantity increased through the use of complete fertilizers and that elemental ratio is of equal importance to the rate. The entire picture was not complete as the test was still giving significant carry–over responses 5 years after the initial harvest.

Effects of 12 years of repeated fertilization on the foliar nutrition and growth of young lodgepole pine in the central interior of British Columbia

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 2115-2129 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Brockley
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Foliar Nutrition ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Complete Fertilizer

The effects of different regimes and frequencies of repeated fertilization (applied periodically and yearly) on the foliar nutrition and growth of young lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) were investigated in central British Columbia. After 12 years, tree and stand growth responses indicated modest positive effects of two applications of nitrogen (N) and boron, with relatively large incremental gains to added sulphur and other nutrients (complete). Despite large increases in effective leaf area index and foliar N concentration relative to the control and periodic treatments, yearly applications of fertilizer were relatively ineffective in stimulating growth. When combined with frequent additions of other essential nutrients, annual fertilization with 50–100 kg N/ha over 12 years (825 kg N/ha in total) produced only slightly more “extra” wood than two applications of the multinutrient, complete fertilizer (400 kg N/ha in total) (19.4 m3/ha vs. 17.2 m3/ha, respectively). The most intensive fertilization treatment (1550 kg N/ha plus other nutrients over 12 years) produced shorter trees and less stand volume increment than periodic fertilization with the complete fertilizer. Treatment-induced changes in stand dynamics and growth allocation, disrupted foliar nutrient balance, and changes in soil biota and understory vegetation community structure may have negatively affected tree growth in intensively fertilized treatment plots.

Evaluating the nutrient status and fertilization response potential of planted spruce in the interior of British Columbia

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 594-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.I. Swift ◽  
R.P. Brockley
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
First Year ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Foliar Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Complete Fertilizer ◽  
Relative Differences

Factorial combinations of nitrogen (0, 100, and 200 kg/ha) and a "complete" fertilizer (0 and 1170 kg/ha) were applied to 10 spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss and hybrids) plantations in the central interior of British Columbia. Postfertilization patterns of foliar nutrient concentration and needle weight were used to evaluate the nutrient status and fertilization response potential of treated stands. When applied alone, N and the complete fertilizer generally had little effect on the weight of needles produced in the first year after treatment. Combined applications, however, often resulted in large responses. In 8 of the 10 installations, combined applications of N + complete fertilizer were significantly more effective than N alone in stimulating first-year needle weight. Which nutrient in the complete fertilizer is responsible for the increased needle-weight response cannot be stated conclusively. However, examination of foliar nutrient concentration data, combined with graphical analyses of relative differences in needle weight and nutrient concentration of added and nonadded nutrients, indicate that sulphur (and possibly potassium) may have a strong controlling influence on the N fertilization response potential of these stands. Systematic testing must be undertaken to verify these tentative diagnoses.

Foliar nutrient status and fascicle weight of lodgepole pine after nitrogen and sulphur fertilization in the interior of British Columbia

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 792-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.P. Brockley ◽  
F.J. Sheran
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Elemental Sulphur ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sulphur Concentration ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Nitrogen Additions

The effects of nitrogen and nitrogen + sulphur fertilization on the first-year fascicle weight and foliar nutrient status of immature, thinned lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) were evaluated at seven locations in the interior of British Columbia. The results indicate that sulphur deficiencies, either aggravated or induced by nitrogen fertilization, may limit the responsiveness of lodgepole pine to nitrogen additions. At four locations, combined sulphur and nitrogen additions improved the sulphur status of fertilized trees and significantly increased the weight of fascicles produced during the first year after treatment compared with that achieved with nitrogen alone. Ammonium sulphate was a superior sulphur source compared with elemental sulphur–sodium bentonite prills and also was readily taken up by trees. The oxidation of the elemental sulphur prills was apparently too slow to satisfy sulphur requirements in the first year. Increasing the sulphur application rate from 50 to 100 kg/ha generally gave only small improvements in first-year fascicle weight response despite a significant improvement in foliar sulphur concentration and content. The responsiveness to sulphur fertilization was not consistent across all sites. Further characterization of sites that are responsive and unresponsive to sulphur additions is needed to more accurately diagnose sulphur deficiencies and predict responsiveness to sulphur additions.

Influence of long-term manure application on mineral composition of irrigated barley silage

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Miller ◽  
B. W. Beasley ◽  
C. F. Drury ◽  
F. J. Larney ◽  
X. Hao
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Feed Quality ◽  
Barley Silage

Miller, J. J., Beasley, B. W., Drury, C. F., Larney, F. and Hao, X. 2015. Influence of long-term manure application on mineral composition of irrigated barley silage. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 759–770. The long-term effect of land application of manure type (composted vs. stockpiled manure), bedding type (wood-chips vs. straw), and application rate on feed quality of barley silage as feed for beef cattle is unknown. We measured selected minerals [P, Ca, Ca:P ratio, Mg, K, K:(Ca+Mg) ratio, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu] of irrigated barley silage (Hordeum vulgare L.) on a clay loam soil after 4 (2002), 7 (2005) and 11 (2009) years of annual applications of composted (CM) or stockpiled (SM) feedlot manure with wood-chips (WD) or straw (ST) bedding at three application rates (13, 39, 77Mg ha−1 dry wt.). The treatments also included an unamended control and inorganic fertilizer treatment. Manure type generally had inconsistent or no significant (P≤0.05) effect on the concentrations of these minerals in barley silage. Most crop minerals were generally greater under ST than WD. The findings for P, K, Na, and K:(Ca+Mg) ratio generally supported our hypothesis of greater crop concentrations with greater application rate, but Ca and Mg decreased at higher rates. Overall, our findings suggest that bedding and application rate have more potential than manure type for managing the feed quality of barley silage.

Assessment of the Effects of Environmental Factors on the Response of Wheat to Fertilizer in On-farm Trials in a Mediterranean Type Environment

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pala ◽  
A. Matar ◽  
A. Mazid
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Rainfall ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

SUMMARYA series of researcher-managed wheat fertilizer trials was conducted on representative farmers' fields across northwest Syria between 1986 and 1990. Wheat grain and straw yields were strongly correlated with seasonal (October-May) rainfall, almost irrespective of soil fertility, crop sequence or fertilizer rate, with a highly significant response to nitrogen fertilizer which increased with increasing rainfall and decreasing initial soil mineral-nitrogen values. These results were summarized in regression equations which express yield in terms of fertilizer rates, seasonal rainfall and their interactions. The equations with applied nitrogen and seasonal rainfall were the most appropriate for determining fertilizer needs. Economic analysis indicated that all fertilizer treatment rates were profitable under existing price conditions and that fertilizer use would still be beneficial for a nitrogen price up to three times higher than that of the price of grain (weight for weight) with a seasonal rainfall of 250 mm, and up to six times higher with a seasonal rainfall of 450 mm.

scholarly journals British Columbia SHIFT: Early Lessons Learned from a Provincial Program for Countering Radicalization to Violent Extremism

Proceedings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Garth Davies ◽  
Madison Reid
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
First Year ◽  
Stakeholder Relationships ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Excellent Work ◽  
Services And Supports ◽  
The Right ◽  
Government Initiative ◽  
And Training

Many existing programs for countering violent extremism focus on either end of the radicalization spectrum. On one hand are prevention programs aimed at deterring individuals from starting down the path to violent extremism. On the other hand are disengagement/de-radicalization programs designed for assisting individuals who have been fully radicalized. Conspicuously absent are programs for those who fall in-between, into what might be referred to as the pre-criminal space: individuals who have begun to exhibit signs of radicalization, but for whom radicalization is not yet complete. The British Columbia Shift (BC Shift) initiative was created to assist individuals determined to be in this pre-criminal space; that is, those deemed to be in danger of radicalizing. The goal of BC Shift is to stop individuals from traveling further down the path of radicalization, and, ideally, to turn individuals away from the path. BC Shift operates as a navigational model, connecting at-risk individuals with services and supports in the community. BC Shift is a government initiative supported by the Canada Centre for Community Engagement and Prevention of Violence. It is a civilian organization that partners very closely with, but is separate from, law enforcement. In addition to its primary CRVE mandate, BC Shift has rapidly evolved and expanded into several other responsibilities, including coordination on national CVE standards; liaising with other CVE programs across Canada; maintaining stakeholder relationships; and helping create capacity through dialog and training. Although the program only began accepting referrals in 2019, its operation has already revealed many important lessons for CRVE programs. First, it is critically important to have the right people in the room. There has to be buy-in from the highest levels of partner agencies and stakeholders, particularly early on. Second, programs of this sort should leverage existing resources wherever possible. BC Shift has been lucky enough to coordinate with situation tables, such as the CHART program in Surrey. There are already many organizations doing excellent work in their respective communities; it is very helpful to plug into those resources. Third, even though BC Shift operates as a navigational hub, it has benefitted greatly from having a social worker as part of the team. This skill set is important in helping referred individuals feel comfortable with the process of accessing services and supports. Finally, marketing matters! CRVE programs such as BC Shift have to navigate a complex reality. The very concept of violent extremism is disconcerting to a lot of people in the community; these fears have to be addressed, and difficulties related to differences in perspective and language have to be overcome. BC Shift’s first year-and-a-half of operation has also highlighted several issues that have not yet been satisfactorily resolved. There is, for example, the “low hanging fruit” problem; agencies are typically referring less severe cases. Trying to get agencies to refer more serious cases has proved challenging. We hope that, by outlining these lessons and issues, this presentation proves to be useful to other CRVE initiatives.

scholarly journals Repeated Negative Teaching Evaluations: A Form of Habitual Behaviour?

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-321
Author(s):  
J Paul Grayson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Generational Status ◽  
First Year ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Campus Engagement ◽  
Teaching Evaluations ◽  
University Of British Columbia ◽  
Mcgill University ◽  
The University ◽  
Do So

Teaching evaluations have become part of life on Canadian campuses; however, there is no agreement among researchers as to their validity. In this article, comparisons were made between first- and third-year collective evaluations of professors’ performance at the University of British Columbia, York University, and McGill University. Overall, it was found that students who provided low evaluations in their first year were also likely to do so in their third year. This effect held independent of degree of campus engagement, sex, student status (domestic or international), and generational status (students who were the first in their families to attend university, compared to those who were not). Given that over the course of their studies, students likely would have been exposed to a range of different behaviours on the part of their professors, it is argued that the propensity of a large number of students to give consistently low evaluations was a form of “habitual behaviour.”  

scholarly journals The Estimation of Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization Efficiency in Cotton by the Fertilizer-Response Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1400-1408
Author(s):  
Lulu MA ◽  
Qiang ZHANG ◽  
Jiao LIN ◽  
Wei SU ◽  
Caixia YIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Habit ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Digital Object Identifier ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Response Model ◽  
Fertilizer Response ◽  
Indeterminate Growth Habit ◽  
N Status

Due to the indeterminate growth habit of cotton crops, a better understanding of N status at the rational fertilizer regime is important to promote lint yield. The fertilizer-response model was employed to evaluate N status by analyzing data of shoot dry mass, N content and N concentration at different growing stages. A field study was conducted on drip-irrigated cotton plants with N fertilizer addition in total amounts of 0 (N0), 120 (N1), 240 (N2), 360 (N3) and 480 (N4) kg ha-1 in Xinjiang, China in 2016. Thirty percent of total fertilizers were applied at planting and the rest 70% were applied over six applications. The N fertilizer treatment at the accumulative rate of 70 kg ha-1 was enough to induce the N status of steady state accumulation 60 days after germination. Since 90 days the treatments that delivered the N amount between 120 and 240 kg ha-1 was deficient for cotton demand, higher rates from 360 and 480 kg ha-1 induced inherent N reserve and resulted in the highest level of yield. With regard to the practical meaning, the N fertilizer dose of 360 kg ha-1 can be used for cotton growth. The N fertilizer dose of 120 kg ha-1 can be recommended when the yield of 5,840 kg ha-1 lint can meet the goal of cotton culture.   ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

A Statistical Examination of Anisakis Larvae (Nematoda) in Herring (Clupea pallasi) of the British Columbia Coast

1955 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne M. M. Bishop ◽  
Leo Margolis
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
First Year ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
The West ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Clupea Pallasi ◽  
First Year Of Life

The presence of larval Anisakis in British Columbia herring was examined during the winter fisheries of 1950–51 and 1951–52. In the commercial catches in the Strait of Georgia the incidence was found to be between 80 and 90%. In Hecate Strait, on the west coast of Vancouver Island and in the mainland coastal area of Queen Charlotte Sound it was between 90 and 100%. The intensity of infection varied greatly in different fishing areas (i.e. in different herring populations). Generally, the maximum level of infection occurred in the Queen Charlotte Sound coastal regions, and decreased both north and south of this area. Fish on the west coast of Vancouver Island were more heavily infected than those on the east coast (Strait of Georgia). The level of infection increased with age, I-year fish (i.e. fish in their first year of life) being uninfected. The intensity of infection remained constant throughout the winter for any particular age and area and was the same for both sexes. In most areas the level of infection was a little lower in 1951–52 than in 1950–51.

Yield responses of oats and alfalfa to common hemp-nettle (Galeopsis tetrahit) interference

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Légère ◽  
Jean-Marc Deschênes
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
First Year ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Lower Height ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Early Harvest

Effects of various densities of hemp-nettle (Galeopsis tetrahit L.) on yields of oats (Avena sativa L.) and first year alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) were investigated in field experiments. In both crops, emergence of hemp-nettle seedlings occurred after plot establishment such that final densities were generally greater than initial densities. Hemp-nettle plants within a stand were distributed normally over no more than seven 15-cm height classes. Very few plants were found in the lower height classes. Weight distribution according to the same height classes showed that average to tall individuals produced a large proportion of the weed biomass. Oat yields decreased as hemp-nettle density increased. In the density range of 28–248 hemp-nettle plants m−2, oat grain yield losses varied between 12 and 50%. Alfalfa was cut according to either a two-cut regime, or a three-cut regime which included an early harvest. Alfalfa yields decreased with increase in hemp-nettle density regardless of cutting regime, whereas effects of cutting regime on alfalfa yield varied with year of experiment. In each regime, timing of first harvest determined the duration of hemp-nettle interference and may have affected the degree of carry-over effects to later harvests. Key words: Hemp-nettle, Galeopsis tetrahit, weed competition, weed interference, crop losses

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