EFFECTS OF GIBBERELLIN ON FORAGE YIELDS OF SIX GRASS AND LEGUME SPECIES

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Finn ◽  
K. F. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Gibberellin Treatment ◽  
Forage Yields

Foliage of three grasses and three legumes, grown in a greenhouse, was treated with gibberellin solution and yield response evaluated. In general, the first cut yields of these grass and legume species were increased by gibberellin. With legumes the maximum yields were obtained at the highest rate of application. Maximum yields of grasses were obtained with rates less than the highest. Generally speaking there were reductions in second-cut yields of the grasses and legumes tested with higher rates of gibberellin. Treatment of the foliage with gibberellin decreased root weights m every case.There were significant negative correlations between total top and root weights of all species, except two in which there were no correlations. The per cent protein of all grass and legume species was decreased with gibberellin treatments. However, because of increased dry matter, highest yields of protein were generally obtained with treatments producing highest dry matter yields. The per cent ground cover of the species treated decreased progressively with increased rates of gibberellin.

AVAILABILITY OF RESIDUAL FERTILIZER PHOSPHORUS AS MEASURED BY BROMEGRASS-ALFALFA DRY MATTER AND PHOSPHORUS YIELD AND BY EXTRACTABLE SOIL PHOSPHORUS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. W. HOLT ◽  
G. E. WINKLEMAN
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Duration Of Response ◽  
Forage Yields

The magnitude and duration of response of bromegrass-alfalfa to a one-time application of phosphorus (P) fertilizer was studied at rates of P to 144 kg/ha which were applied in 1970 to a clay soil containing 5 μg/g sodium-bicarbonate-extractable P. All treatments produced residual effects which were reflected by increased forage yields, forage P content and forage uptake of P by bromegrass-alfalfa during the years 1972–1976. Forage yield response to applied P was curvilinear in 3 out of 5 yr while forage P and uptake of P increased in a linear relationship with applied P in all years. An annual application of 18, 10 and 16 kg/ha N, P and S, respectively, resulted in dry matter yields of 4110 kg∙ha−1∙yr−1 and when combined with the 1970 applications had no further significant effect on forage yields but the combinations did increase forage P and uptake of P. Soil sodium-bicarbonate-extractable P as determined each year 1972–1976 and in 1980 was proportional to applied P but the amount of available P decreased over this period. On average, the portion of alfalfa in the dry matter increased during the 1972–1976 period but the alfalfa content was not related to applied P. When amounts of nitrogen applied as part of the P fertilizer were over 36 kg/ha, the percentage of alfalfa in the stand was reduced until 1974.Key words: Phosphorus, bromegrass-alfalfa

scholarly journals The productivity of Maku Lotus as a forest understorey

1991 ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
G.G. West ◽  
M.G. Dean ◽  
N.S. Percival
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Plantation Forests ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Percentage Area ◽  
Lower Fertility ◽  
Forest Understorey ◽  
Forage Yields

Oversowing Lotus uliginosus cv. 'Grasslands Maku' offers considerable scope for improvement of understorey forage production in New Zealand's plantation forests. In a grazing trial in Kaingaroa Forest annual forage yields of predominantly Maku lotus were 3000-5000 kg/ha dry matter (DM) from tree age 4-7 years but declined to 1000-3000 kg DM/ha by age 11 years. Forage yields available for grazing under different tree stockings (100,200 and400 stems/ha) were (up to treeage 11) approximately the same, in spiteof the percentage area covered with slash being significantly affected by tree stocking. Forage species composition since time of oversowing has changed from initial stands of almost pure lotus to a mixture of lotus and lower fertility grasses, particularly Yorkshire fog, and flat weeds. By tree age 11 years (8 years after oversowing) lotus comprises 20-30% of understorey ground cover, both with and without cattle grazing. Keywords Maku lotus, forest understorey, forest grazing, oversowing, forage yields

scholarly journals Forage Yields and Plant Character Correlations in 30 Digitaria Selections

1969 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
A. Sotomayor-Ríos ◽  
J. Vélez-Fortuño ◽  
G. Spain
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Percent Level ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Sipha Flava ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
One Year ◽  
Character Correlations ◽  
Forage Yields

The total green forage, dry matter, and protein yields per acre were determined for 30 Digitarias at the Río Piedras Experiment Station for a period of one year. All grasses were harvested at 60-day intervals; prior to each cutting all plots were evaluated using visual ratings of one to nine, nine being the best condition. The following plant characters: ground cover ability and/or vigor (X1); resistance to the attack of rust caused by Puccinia oahuensis Ell. and Ev. (X2); and resistance to yellow aphid infestation Sipha flava Forbes (X3), were correlated with total green forage (Y1), total dry matter (Y2) and total pounds protein (Y3). Significant positive correlations were obtained for Y1X1 (r = 0.34), Y1X3 (r = 0.12), Y2X1 (r = 0.29), Y2X3 (r = 0.10) and Y3X1 (r = 0.25). Significant negative correlations were obtained between total green forage and resistance to rust attack, Y1X2 (r = —0.16); total dry matter yield and resistance to rust attack, Y2X2 (r = —0.12); and total protein yield and resistance to rust attack Y3X2 (r = —0.14).  When the grasses were rated after each 60-day interval, the more vigorous grasses also were the most susceptible to the rust disease. None of the Digitarias exhibited complete resistance to either rust or to yellow aphid attack. The findings show that rust resistance is not as important in a Digitaria breeding program as ground cover ability and/or vigor and resistance to yellow aphid infestation. Dry matter yields ranged from 15,841 to 40,484 pounds per acre yearly. One selection, D. eriantha (P.R.P.I. 5277), produced greater yields than the other Digitarias at the 5-percent level, including Pangolagrass.

EFFECTS OF INCREMENTAL N FERTILIZATION ON GRAIN YIELD AND DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION OF SIX SPRING WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) CULTIVARS IN SOUTHERN MANITOBA

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. GEHL ◽  
L. D. BAILEY ◽  
C. A. GRANT ◽  
J. M. SADLER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation

A 3-yr study was conducted on three Orthic Black Chernozemic soils to determine the effects of incremental N fertilization on grain yield and dry matter accumulation and distribution of six spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Urea (46–0–0) was sidebanded at seeding in 40 kg N ha−1 increments from 0 to 240 kg ha−1 in the first year and from 0 to 200 kg ha−1 in the 2 subsequent years. Nitrogen fertilization increased the grain and straw yields of all cultivars in each experiment. The predominant factor affecting the N response and harvest index of each cultivar was available moisture. At two of the three sites, 91% of the interexperiment variability in mean maximum grain yield was explained by variation in root zone moisture at seeding. Mean maximum total dry matter varied by less than 12% among cultivars, but mean maximum grain yield varied by more than 30%. Three semidwarf cultivars, HY 320, Marshall and Solar, had consistently higher grain yield and grain yield response to N than Glenlea and Katepwa, two standard height cultivars, and Len, a semidwarf. The mean maximum grain yield of HY 320 was the highest of the cultivars on test and those of Katepwa and Len the lowest. Len produced the least straw and total dry matter. The level of N fertilization at maximum grain yield varied among cultivars, sites and years. Marshall and Solar required the highest and Len the lowest N rates to achieve maximum grain yield. The year-to-year variation in rates of N fertilization needed to produce maximum grain yield on a specific soil type revealed the limitations of N fertility recommendations based on "average" amounts and temporal distribution of available moisture.Key words: Wheat (spring), N response, standard height, semidwarf, grain yield

scholarly journals Diet digestibility and performance of dairy cows supplemented with live yeast

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciene Lignani Bitencourt ◽  
José Ricardo Martins Silva ◽  
Bruno Menezes Lopes de Oliveira ◽  
Gilson Sebastião Dias Júnior ◽  
Fernanda Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Citrus Pulp ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Live Yeast

Dietary yeast supplementation may improve the digestive efficiency of ruminants, but responses depend on the yeast strain and the diet composition. Corn silage and citrus pulp are usual carbohydrate sources for dairy cows in southeast Brazil. This study evaluated the supplementation of dairy cows fedding on corn silage-citrus pulp-based diets with Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 (Lallemand SAS, Toulouse, France). Twenty multiparous, midlactation Holstein cows were assigned to two treatments in crossover design. Treatments were: live yeast on oyster meal capable of supplying a daily minimum of 1 × 10(10) CFU per cow or oyster meal top-dressed at 10 g to the morning meal. Diet contained (% of dry matter): 16.8% crude protein, 30.9% neutral detergent fiber, 43.9% corn silage, 2% tifton hay, 14.4% steam flaked corn, 16.9% citrus pulp and 21.7% soybean meal. Yeast supplementation increased daily yields of milk (29.4 vs. 28.5 kg, p = 0.11), protein (0.939 vs. 0.908 kg, p = 0.05), and lactose (1.294 vs. 1.241 kg, p = 0.06), but did not affect milk fat contents (p = 0.59). Daily dry matter intake was 21.4 with yeast and 20.7 kg for the control (p = 0.11). Total tract apparent digestibility of the neutral detergent fiber was 48.1% with yeast and 43.2% for the control (p = 0.08). There was a trend for increased intake of digestible organic matter with yeast supplementation (p = 0.07). The positive milk protein yield response to yeast supplementation may have resulted from the increased fiber digestibility, but the response mechanism could not be elucidated.

Trace element uptake by two British Columbia forages as affected by poultry manure application

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Bomke ◽  
L. E. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Deep Pit ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Trace Element Uptake

Field experiments evaluated yield response to deep-pit poultry manure application to barley on a clay soil near Prince George and a grass-legume forage on a silty clay loam soil near Chilliwack, B.C. Substantial dry matter yield increases were measured at manure applications up to 20 t ha−1. Subsamples of both crops and the poultry manure were analyzed for Cu, Zn, Mn, Ba, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cd, B and Co. Selenium analyses were made on selected crop samples. There were no indications of toxicity problems even at 40 t ha−1, the highest application. Copper and Zn concentrations in forages were increased by the poultry manure and the Mn/Cu ratio tended to decrease with manure application. Key words: Orchardgrass, ladino clover, barley, micronutrients

scholarly journals Factors affecting the herbage iodine content.

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hartmans
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
N Application ◽  
Factors Affecting

In pot and field experiments, N application somewhat increased the I content of the harvested crop, although I concentrations in the herbage decreased considerably (diluting effect of increased dry matter yields). Herbage I contents were not consistently affected by chemical fertilizers which produced no yield response. I contents were up to 13 times higher in dicotyledenous pasture species than in grasses. I contents varied between grass species and to less extent between varieties of a single species. Contrary to earlier New Zealand data, good quality grasses were lower in I content than medium-value and inferior grasses. Small I dressings were less effective than larger amounts in terms of percentage return in the harvested crop; residual effects in later cuts were always small. The effectiveness of I dressings depended on soil type and tended to be lowest on soils of low natural I content. ADDITIONAL ABSTRACT: Studies were with ryegrass in pots and pastures. N dressing increased I uptake by the crop but reduced the I content considerably because of the diluting effect of higher DM yields. Dressing with fertilizers which did increase yield did not affect herbage I content consistently. Dicotyledonous species in pasture had I contents up to 13 times that of grasses. The I content of grasses varied over a 2-fold range but variation was smaller in a given species. Good quality grasses had a lower I content than inferior grasses. Smaller I dressings gave a smaller percentage return in the crop than larger amounts; the efficiency depended on soil type and tended to be less for soils with the lowest natural I content. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Physiology of growth and seed production in Lupinus angustifolius L. III. Effects of defoliation and lateral branch excision on dry matter and seed production at different growth temperatures

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Downes ◽  
JS Gladstones
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reproductive Investment ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Pod Number ◽  
Cool Conditions

Plants of Lupinus angustifolius cv. Unicrop were raised at 27/22 or 21/16�C dayhight temperatures until flowering. They were then either grown on to maturity at these conditions or moved to the other regime. Branches were removed as they started to develop and leaves were removed at the start of flowering so that 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 upper leaves or all 21 leaves were retained. Conditions before flowering determined potential pod number. Defoliation treatments revealed that under favourably cool conditions all leaves contributed to seed yield but in treatments involving 27/22'C there was no seed yield response to more than about six leaves, emphasizing the significance of environmental conditions rather than current assimilate on pod set and other yield components. In another experiment, plants were raised to flowering at 27/22, 21/16 or 15/10�C before flowering, when all were moved to 21/16�C. Half the plants were allowed to develop branches and on the remainder branch buds were removed. Branch and stem growth appeared to provide severe competition for the development of the primary inflorescence. Though branching was much more pronounced in plants at 15/10�C before flowering than in other treatments, vegetative development exceeded reproductive investment and harvest index was low under these conditions. It was suggested that there appears to be a need to develop and evaluate unbranched or less-branched lupin genotypes.

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