THE PERFORMANCE OF THREE GRASSES WHEN GROWN ALONE, IN MIXTURE WITH ALFALFA, AND IN ALTERNATE ROWS WITH ALFALFA

1958 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Kilcher ◽  
D. H. Heinrichs
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Seeding Method ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Competitive Species

Crested wheatgrass, intermediate wheatgrass, and streambank wheat-grass, chosen for diversity of root type, were compared for yield and competitive ability when growing alone, in mixture with alfalfa, and in alternate rows with alfalfa. For each seeding method the order of the grass species yield performance was the same, but the magnitude of the yield difference varied by seeding methods. In pure stands the yield difference between the low and high producing grass was 50 per cent, in mixture with alfalfa 170 per cent, and in alternate rows with alfalfa 220 per cent. The total yield was greatest in alternate rows and smallest in pure grass stands (fertilized). In 1954 grass and alfalfa growing in alternate rows outyielded grass and alfalfa in mixed rows by 4 per cent; in 1955, by 10 per cent; in 1956, a dry year, by 33 per cent; and in 1957, an extremely dry year, by 137 per cent. The relative stand of alfalfa to grass was greater when growing in alternate rows as compared to mixed rows. This relationship held for all grass species but was less pronounced for streambank wheatgrass, the least competitive species of the three grasses.

NUTRIENT VALUE OF HAY HARVESTED WITH MECHANICAL STACKING WAGONS, LARGE ROUND BALER AND CONVENTIONAL BALER

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. THORLACIUS ◽  
W. COATES ◽  
M. FELDMAN
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Nutrient Value ◽  
Large Round

In 1972, crested wheatgrass, intermediate wheatgrass, and bromegrass hay were harvested with a Hesston 30 stacking wagon, McKee 1000 stacking wagon, and conventional baler. Crested wheatgrass was stacked at 35 and 29% moisture, intermediate wheatgrass at 38 and 27% moisture, and bromegrass at 41 and 31% moisture. Crested wheatgrass was baled at 23 and 19%, intermediate wheatgrass at 27 and 22%, and bromegrass at 30 and 20% moisture. In 1973, the same grass species were harvested at two moisture levels, 20 and 12% for crested wheatgrass, 25 and 19% for intermediate wheatgrass, and 24 and 20% for bromegrass with a Hesston 10 stacking wagon, Vermeer 605 round baler, and conventional baler. Dry matter intake by lambs and digestibility measurements (in vivo 1972, in vitro 1973) indicated that with the exception of bromegrass harvested in 1972, harvesting machine had little effect on hay quality. In 1972, bromegrass harvested with the stacking wagons was inferior in quality to the baled hay. The effect of moisture level at harvest was dependent on species of grass, harvesting machine, and weather conditions during harvest.

EFFECTS OF N FERTILIZER ON TOTAL-N AND NO3-N CONTENT OF SIX GRASS SPECIES

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 573-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. SMITH ◽  
L. E. LUTWICK
Keyword(s):  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Stream Bank ◽  
Lethal Level ◽  
Four Levels

Total-N and NO3-N content of forage were determined for six grass species — timothy (Phleum pratense L.); crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.); intermediate wheatgrass (Agropyron intermedium (Host) Beauv.); stream-bank wheatgrass (Agropyron riparium Scribn. and Smith); bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.); and Russian wild ryegrass (Elymus junceus Fisch.). The grasses were fertilized with ammonium nitrate in early spring and were sampled at four levels of applied N — 0, 185, 550, and 940 kg/ha — and at three stages of maturity — early heading, anthesis, and seed-set. Total-N and NO3-N increased in all grasses with increasing levels of N fertilizer; Russian wild ryegrass showed the greatest increase and timothy the least. As maturity advanced, total-N content decreased. Total-N contents were similar in crested wheatgrass, intermediate wheatgrass, and streambank wheatgrass. As maturity advanced, the NO3-N content of fertilized timothy, crested wheatgrass, and bromegrass decreased while that of Russian wild ryegrass increased. The NO3-N content of intermediate wheatgrass and of stream-bank wheatgrass was highest at anthesis. At 0 and 185 kg N/ha, the NO3-N content was well below the lethal level for ruminants, but at the two higher N fertilizer levels it often exceeded the lethal level. Timothy can be considered a low, Russian wild ryegrass a very high, and the other four grasses high, NO3-N accumulators.

GROWTH OF FOUR GRASS SPECIES AS AFFECTED BY RATE OF NITROGEN APPLICATION AND YEAR OF ESTABLISHMENT ON TWO SOIL TYPES

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. SIMONS ◽  
A. T. H. GROSS
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Clay Loam Soil ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Harvest Year

In an experiment to investigate the relationship between nitrogen fertilization and forage yield, four grass species, bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), intermediate wheatgrass (Agropyron intermedium (Host) Beauv.), crested wheatgrass (A. cristatum (L.) Gaertn.) and Russian wild ryegrass (Elymus junceus Fisch.), were sown in each of 3 yr on two soil types, a clay loam and a sandy loam. Five N treatments up to 252 kg N∙ha−1∙year−1 were imposed and data were collected for each of the 3 yr following the seeding year on each plot. There was considerable variation in the dry matter yields between seeding years and postseeding years. On the clay loam soil, the first year after seeding was generally the most productive whereas on the sandy loam the second harvest year produced the most. Intermediate wheatgrass was the most productive grass on the clay loam soil, crested wheatgrass on the sandy loam soil. Bromegrass produced well on both types while Russian wild ryegrass was the least productive on both soils. All species responded well to additional N. There was no advantage to split N application. The N content of forage was similar in all four species and on both soil types but was increased by fertilizer N.Key words: Bromegrass, wheatgrass, Russian wild ryegrass, nitrogen, forage yield, establishment year.

scholarly journals Effect of Glyphosate on Introduced and Native Grasses

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney G. Lym ◽  
Donald R. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Spring Precipitation ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Western Wheatgrass ◽  
Commercial Mixture ◽  
Fall Application

The effect of glyphosate applied alone and with 2,4-D as a commercial mixture on 30 native or introduced grass species was evaluated. Grass yield averaged 98 and 87% of the untreated controls when glyphosate was applied in the fall at 0.2 or 0.4 kg ae ha-1, respectively, alone or with 2,4-D at 0.35 or 0.7 kg ae ha-1. Western wheatgrass production decreased more than any other species present in a native rangeland site following either a spring or fall glyphosate application. In seeded plots, intermediate wheatgrass was the most and ‘Fairway’ crested wheatgrass the least susceptible to glyphosate plus 2,4-D with average yields of 57 and 97% compared with untreated controls of each species, respectively. Glyphosate reduced the yield of ‘Nordan’ standard crested wheatgrass more than that of Fairway crested wheatgrass or other diploid cultivars. The greater the spring precipitation following a fall application of glyphosate, the less effect of glyphosate on forage yield. Glyphosate plus 2,4-D can be used for weed control in pasture and rangeland provided some yield reduction is acceptable.

PRODUCTIVITY OF GRASS SPECIES IN THE DARK BROWN SOIL ZONE OF SASKATCHEWAN

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 719-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. KNOWLES
Keyword(s):  
Grass Species ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Western Wheatgrass ◽  
Meadow Bromegrass ◽  
Slender Wheatgrass

Six Eurasian temperate zone grasses, one mixture of these, and three North American wheatgrasses were compared in mainly nonfertilized tests from 1974 to 1983 in Saskatchewan, Canada. Introduced grasses outyielded natives at Saskatoon when cut once per season as hay with the following declining yield order (kg/ha): intermediate wheatgrass (3819), standard crested wheatgrass (2906), smooth bromegrass (2841), Russian wild ryegrass (2311), Fairway crested wheatgrass (2218), meadow bromegrass (2082), slender wheatgrass (2011), western wheatgrass (1919), and northern wheatgrass (1683). Much the same order of yield was observed when these grasses were clipped two to three times per season, although meadow bromegrass and western wheatgrass performed relatively better. At the Scott site, standard crested wheatgrass and northern wheatgrass performed relatively better than at Saskatoon. Slightly lower in vitro digestibility ratings were shown for natives than for introduced species and this appeared to be due to the more rapid senescence of natives. Stands at Saskatoon were maintained for 10 yr for all species except slender wheatgrass which lasted 5 yr. Weed control was best for meadow bromegrass and smooth bromegrass and poorest for slender wheatgrass, northern wheatgrass, and Fairway crested wheatgrass. Fertilizer applied to older stands showed a greater response for introduced grasses than for natives.Key words: Grass species, productivity, hay, pasture, longevity

PERFORMANCE OF SOME GRASS–ALFALFA MIXTURES IN SOUTHWESTERN SASKATCHEWAN DURING DROUGHT YEARS

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Kilcher ◽  
D. H. Heinrichs
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Brown Soil ◽  
Soil Zone

Six perennial grass–alfalfa mixtures were studied at three locations in the Brown soil zone of Saskatchewan during successive drought years 1956 to 1962. Account was taken of comparative yields, persistence, drought tolerance, and component compatibility. Differences in competition and suppression are discussed. Crested wheatgrass or intermediate wheatgrass with alfalfa gave highest yields. Russian wild ryegrass was the most competitive grass species. Russian wild ryegrass and bromegrass were the two grasses which reduced the alfalfa component the most, resulting in lower yields of the mixtures.

scholarly journals Soil micro‐organisms and competitive ability of a tussock grass species in a dry ecosystem

2018 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 1215-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudi M. Lozano ◽  
Sara Hortal ◽  
Cristina Armas ◽  
Francisco I. Pugnaire
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Tussock Grass ◽  
Micro Organisms

AN EVALUATION OF ALTAI WILD RYE, ELYMUS ANGUSTUS TRIN., AS A FORAGE CROP

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lawrence ◽  
D. H. Heinrichs ◽  
R. B. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Russian Wild Rye ◽  
Better Than

A study was conducted with Altai wild rye (Elymus angustus Trin.), Russian wild rye (Elymus junceus), crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum), and intermediate wheatgrass (Agropyron intermedium) on their relative merits as forage crops in the arid climate of Saskatchewan. The data show that Altai wild rye produced as much forage as Russian wild rye but less than crested wheatgrass and intermediate wheatgrass. However, it appeared to be less competitive with alfalfa than the other grasses in the test. The nutritive value of Altai wild rye was as good as or better than that of the other grasses; it excelled all of them in crude protein content throughout the season and contained about the same amount of fibre and fat at most stages of development; its ash content was higher than that of the other three grasses in 1954, a wet year, but only higher than the two wheatgrasses in 1957, a very dry year. Comparisons regarding palatability and digestibility suggest that Altai wild rye equals the better grasses in this respect. The study also indicates that nutritive value of grasses throughout the growing season varies much more in wet years when normal plant development occurs, than in dry years when growth is slow and sporadic.

DRYLAND GRASS–ALFALFA MIXTURE YIELDS AND INFLUENCE OF ASSOCIATES ON ONE ANOTHER

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Kilcher ◽  
D. H. Heinrichs ◽  
K. W. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass

Crested wheatgrass, intermediate wheatgrass, streambank wheatgrass, Russian wild ryegrass, awnless brome, green needlegrass, and Rambler alfalfa were used in 10 mixtures, each comprised of two grasses and alfalfa. The study was conducted during the 1955 to 1962 period on a dryland site in the semiarid prairie region at Swift Current, Sask. Account was taken of the seasonal yields and basal area changes of the components making up the mixtures. Combinations of persistent grasses inflicted a deleterious two-way squeeze on the alfalfa associate and resulted in lower yields. Among the worst in this respect were Russian wild ryegrass, streambank wheatgrass, and awnless brome. Among the least competitive were intermediate wheatgrass and green needlegrass. The latter showed the most promise as a natural second grass component since it developed, persisted, and yielded well but did not suppress associated components.

Agronomic value and morphophysiological diversity of non-Ladino Italian white clover wild populations compared with variety germplasm

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Annicchiarico
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Wild Populations

Non-Ladino Italian white clover wild populations are widespread in hill and mountain areas of the Alps and northern Apennines. The agronomic value of these populations is unknown. This study was based on results of four experiments and had the following objectives: (i) comparing 11 small-leaved or medium-leaved wild populations from these areas with eight medium-leaved or large-leaved varieties of different origin and one wild population from Sardinia, for forage yield in a mown association with cocksfoot, forage yield under sheep grazing, seed yield, forage quality, and 14 vegetative or reproductive traits; (ii) investigating the relationships among traits; (iii) assessing the association of individual trait expression with the environments of origin of the wild populations. Clover competitive ability was greater in large-leaved material, tended to imply higher total yield of the association, and was unrelated to clover yield under grazing. Most wild populations from northern Italy were acyanogenic, several exhibited high yield under grazing and high seed yield, and one medium-leaved wild population outperformed any medium-leaved variety for forage and seed yield traits. Higher altitude of collecting site of these populations was related to lower forage yield and smaller size of some traits. Pasture collecting habitat implied greater adaptation to grazing than woodland, greater competitive ability than wasteland, and several morphophysiological differences relative to populations collected from wasteland or meadow. The Sardinian wild population displayed low seed yield and high cyanogenic potential, whereas the Ladino variety Giga was top-performing for forage yield in association and seed yield. Several vegetative and reproductive traits showed covariation. The generated results can drive the exploitation of non-Ladino genetic resources from northern Italy.

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