Gas exchange and yield in Miscanthus species for three years at two locations in Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Głowacka ◽  
Stanisław Jeżowski ◽  
Zygmunt Kaczmarek
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
The Third ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Exchange Parameters

Głowacka, K., Jeżowski, S. and Kaczmarek, Z. 2013. Gas exchange and yield in Miscanthus species for three years at two locations in Poland. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 627–637. The influence of gas exchange parameters on yields of six Miscanthus clones were evaluated in two locations over three years. Five out of six genotypes had significant increases in the photosynthetic rate and intrinsic water use efficiency between the third and first or third and second years, while intercellular CO2 concentration and stomatal conductance decreased. In addition, the multiple regression analyses of yields on parameters showed that the type of the correlation coefficients for transpiration, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration varied throughout the years. The strongest correlation (0.86) between yield and photosynthetic rate was found for 3-year-old plants.

scholarly journals Effect of Soil Applied Silicon on Gas Exchange Parameters, Growth and Ion Content of Maize under Alkaline Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 032-039
Author(s):  
Gokula Priya Natarajan ◽  
◽  
Malayappa Venkataraman Sriramachandrasekharan ◽  
Rengarjan Manivannan ◽  
Muthu Arjuna Samy Prakash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Alkaline Stress ◽  
Ion Content ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Exchange Parameters

A pot experiment was conducted to understand the effect of soil applied silicon on maize crop growth under alkaline stress. The treatment consists of silicon levels (kg ha-1) – 0, 100 and 150 and alkaline stress levels (mM) – 0, 25, 50, 75. The pots were arranged in completely randomized block design in factorial arrangement with three replications. The result revealed that the shoot and root length and chlorophyll content of maize were reduced with increasing alkaline stress. The percent reduction due to alkaline stress on shoot and root length was to tune of 3.6 to 15.8 and 8.9 to 35.8, respectively and chlorophyll content 11.2 to 35.7. The sodium ion content increased, but potassium content and K Na-1 ratio decreased with alkaline stress. The gas exchange parameters viz., photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were significantly decreased with alkalinity levels. The adverse effect of alkalinity on maize was turnround with intervention of soil applied silicon. The percent increase due to silicon intervention ranged from 4.3 to 12.6 in photosynthetic rate, 4.5 to 14.5 in stomatal conductance, 6.3 to 21.4 in transpiration rate, 7.0 to 20.9 and 8.4 to 29.3 in shoot and root potassium, 19.4 to 33.5 and 20.6 to 55.9 in shoot and root K Na-1. The percent decrease in sodium concentration in shoot and root ranged from 8.6 to 14.2 and 4.3 to 23.7. Between 100 and 150 kgs of silicon applied, the desired result was achieved with 150 kg Si ha-1. It is recommended to apply 150 kg Si ha-1 to maneuver the ill effects of alkalinity on maize.

scholarly journals Gas exchange efficiency in Cocoa – Spanish elm agroforestry system in the northwest Antioquia, Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 9283-9291
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Gómez-Yarce ◽  
Edna Rocío Mompotes-Largo ◽  
Aníbal López-Castro ◽  
Juan David Hernández-Arredondo ◽  
Oscar De Jesús Córdoba-Gaona
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Cordia Alliodora ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Exchange Parameters

The cultivation of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) under agroforestry systems, generates beneficial environmental conditions for cocoa crop physiology. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of shade trees (Spanish elm trees - Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pavon) Oken) planted along with cocoa (clone CCN51) under an agroforestry system on cocoa’s gas exchange parameters regarding the reduction of the light intensity over the cocoa-leaf canopy. The experiment was developed in the Centro de Investigación el Nus - Agrosavia, located in the municipality of San Roque, Antioquia. The experimental design used was a randomized complete block design for the cocoa planting distances from the first row of Spanish elm trees interfacing with the cocoa plantation (4 m, 7 m, 10 m, 13 m). The statistical analysis was performed by estimating the area under the curve (AUC) of each variable, using the trapezoid equation of the statistical environment SAS® 9.4, an analysis of variances was performed to determine if there were statistical differences between treatments, and Tukey’s test at 5% probability was used to estimated statistical differences between means. There were significant differences in the treatments regarding the net photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration rate (E). The highest values of gas exchange parameters were found in the plants located 13 m from elm trees, while the lowest values were presented at 4 m. Plants at 7 m and 10 m always showed intermediate values for all gas exchange parameters. In the same sense, plants at 13 m had a higher radiation use efficiency (RUE) compared to plants at 4 m. The arboreal component modified the environmental conditions on cocoa trees regarding its distribution, generating a differential response to the physiological behavior of cocoa plants.

Effects of substrate acidity and UV-B radiation on photosynthesis of radishes

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 624-631
Author(s):  
Irena Januskaitiene
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Growth Substrate ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Raphanus Sativus L ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Exchange Parameters

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the combined effect of substrate acidity (pH 4.8; pH 3.8) and 1 kJm−2d−1 UV-B radiation on photosynthesis and growth of radishes (Raphanus sativus L.). Radishes were sown in a neutral pH 6.5 peat substrate. When the second true leaf unfolded, the growth substrate was acidified using different concentration of H2SO4 and exposed to UV-B radiation for a period of ten days. Gas exchange parameters were measured with the LI-6400 portable photosynthesis system. Content of chlorophyll was evaluated spectrophotometrically. The results showed that the greatest inhibition of net photosynthesis was observed when radishes were grown in an acidified pH 3.8 substrate. The decrease of the photosynthesis of radish plants treated with both investigated factors (substrate acidity and UV-B) were lower compared to the effect of substrate acidity alone. UV-B radiation stimulated both enzymatic reactions of photosynthesis and water use efficiency of radish plants grown in acidified peat substrates. Also, investigated factors had higher impact on biomass of tuber than biomass of foliage.

The use of reclaimed water is a viable and safe strategy for the irrigation of myrtle plants in a scenario of climate change

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1741-1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Ramón Acosta-Motos ◽  
María Fernanda Ortuño ◽  
Sara Álvarez ◽  
José Antonio Hernández ◽  
María Jesús Sánchez-Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Progressive Decrease ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Future Scenario ◽  
Safe Strategy ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Exchange Parameters

Abstract In this work, we irrigated myrtle plants with reclaimed waters (RWs) for 90 days with drainage. The treatments consisted of a control (0.8 dS m−1) and two RWs: RW1 (2.0 dS m−1) and RW2 (5.0 dS m−1). In general, nutrients were accumulated in a greater proportion in shoots than in roots and increased in the RW treatments, with the exception of potassium and phosphorus. This behaviour produced a progressive decrease in the root water potential, which hindered the mobility of water to the leaves. This in turn caused a drop in leaf water potential and gas exchange parameters, especially in the RW2 treatment. The intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUEi, Pn/gs) did not show differences in any treatment. The RW2 treatment provoked a loss of biomass in the leaves but not in the stems and roots, resulting in more compact plants. Considering these results together, it is feasible to use RWs for plant irrigation, despite their high electrical conductivity. RWs are thus a viable alternative to scarce conventional water resources in a future scenario of climate change.

scholarly journals A Field Study on the Influence of Verticillium dahliae and Pratylenchus penetrans on Gas Exchange of Potato

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 1531-1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim A. M. Saeed ◽  
Ann E. MacGuidwin ◽  
Douglas I. Rouse ◽  
Chris Malek
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Pathogen Control ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Exchange Parameters

Field experiments were conducted for three consecutive years to study the effects of low populations of Verticillium dahliae and Pratylenchus penetrans on leaf gas exchange of Russet Burbank potato. Treatments were P. penetrans, V. dahliae, the combination of the nematode with the fungus, and a no-pathogen control. Gas exchange was measured nondestructively on young, fully expanded, asymptomatic leaves one to three times per week starting the ninth week after planting. Infection with either pathogen alone had little or no effect on leaf gas exchange parameters. However, co-infection by both pathogens resulted in reduced leaf light use efficiency (mole of CO2 fixed per mole of photon), lower leaf stomatal conductance, lower leaf water use efficiency (mole of CO2 fixed per mole of water used), and increased intercellular CO2 compared with the no-pathogen control. These effects, additive relative to the impact of each pathogen alone, were first observed 9 weeks after inoculation in the first 2 years of the study and 15 weeks after inoculation in the third year.

scholarly journals Estimation of Leaf Water Use Efficiency Threshold Values for Water Stress in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Qiu Xinqiang ◽  
Zhang Yushun ◽  
Qin Haixia ◽  
Wang Min ◽  
Wang Yanping ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Exchange Parameters

Drought significantly threatens crop productivity and food security worldwide. However, the severity of drought is predicted to increasingly intensify in the future. To provide an antidrought strategy for farmers and breeders, the response of stomatal behavior of crops to water stress should be well studied. In this study, a lysimeter experiment was conducted to study the relationship between gas exchange parameters and grain yields of winter wheat. Light, moderate, and severe drought levels were imposed at seedling, jointing, heading, and filling stages. The results showed that crop evapotranspiration (ETc, mm) of winter wheat during the entire growing season was limited by drought imposed at any growth stage, and ETc under severe drought treatment was always the lowest. The stomatal limitation value had a significant linear correlation with the stomatal conductance (Gs, μmol mol H2O m–2 s–1) and transpiration rate (Tr, mmol H2O m–2 s–1). Light and moderate drought levels at the seedling stage did not generate irreversible physiological stress on wheat plants, while severe drought at any growth stage caused significant reduction in gas exchange parameters and grain yields. Theoretical threshold values of leaf water use efficiency (WUEl) for light, moderate, and severe drought levels were 2.62, 3.36, and 4.11 μmol mmol–1, respectively. The threshold values are useful to provide theoretical reference for achieving smart irrigation in the North China Plain.

scholarly journals Effect of drought on gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of groundnut genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1478-1487
Author(s):  
K. Manojkumar ◽  
S. Vincent ◽  
M. Raveendran ◽  
R. Anandham ◽  
V. Babu Rajendra Prasad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Ps Ii

Drought is one of the major threats to groundnut productivity, causing a greater loss than any other abiotic factor. Water stress conditions alter plant photosynthetic activity, impacting future growth and assimilating mobilization towards sink tissues. The purpose of this study was to investigate how drought impacts the photosynthesis of plants and its links to drought tolerance. The influence of reproductive stage drought on photosynthetic activity and chlorophyll fluorescence of groundnut is well studied. The experiment was conducted in Kharif 2019 (Jul-Sep), where recent series in groundnut genotypes (60 nos) sown under rainfed conditions and water stress was created by withholding irrigation for 20 days between 35-55 days after sowing in the field to simulate drought conditions. Imposition of water deficit stress reduced PS II efficiency, which significantly altered the photosynthetic rate in the leaf. Observation of gas exchange parameters viz., photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate after 20 days of stress imposition revealed that of all 60 genotypes, 20 genotypes (VG 17008, VG 17046VG 18005, VG 18102, VG 18077, VG 19572, VG 19709, VG 18111, VG19561, VG19576, VG 19620, VG 19681, VG 19688, etc.,) had better Photosynthetic rate, Stomatal conductance. Similarly, PS II efficiency analyzed through fluorescence meter revealed that among the 60 and all the genotypes given above recorded higher value in Fv/Fm. Results obtained from Cluster analysis and PCA confirmed that photosynthetic rate and Fv/Fm is useful parameter in screening adapted cultivars under drought stress. These findings lay the groundwork for a future study to decipher the molecular pathways underpinning groundnut drought resistance.

Carbon Isotope Discrimination and Photosynthetic Gas Exchange in Coffee Hedgerows During Canopy Development

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
MV Gutierrez ◽  
FC Meinzer
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Sun Leaves

In evergreen species, leaf carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) integrates phenological rhythms in gas exchange as well as seasonal changes in environmental conditions. However, few reports on long term variations in Δ of woody plants are available. We measured Δ, gas exchange, nitrogen content, and photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency (PNUE) in coffee hedgerows at different stages of canopy development encompassing a range of leaf area index (LAI) from 0.7 to 7.5. Assimilation was highest in sun leaves, but stomatal conductance was highest in shaded leaves. This resulted in a high correlation between assimilation and stomatal conductance in sun, but not in shaded leaves. Δ was about 20 lower in sun than in shaded leaves, and varied by 2.30 among leaves at different positions along two-year- old branches. These differences in Δ were the result of changes in carbon isotope composition that occurred in mature, fully expanded leaves as they became shaded during subsequent canopy growth. Results from a mass balance model based on leaf gas exchange characteristics and measured foliar Δ values suggested that about 50% of the carbon originally fixed during leaf development in the sun may have subsequently been turned over in the shade. Δ of sun leaves from the upper canopy decreased by about 20 with increasing LAI, indicating that intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUE) of this canopy layer increased during canopy development. In contrast, instantaneous WUE, estimated as assimilation divided by canopy transpiration obtained from sap flow measurements, seemed to decrease with increasing LAI. PNUE of upper canopy sun leaves decreased with increasing LAI, suggesting a physiological compromise between WUE and PNUE mediated by stomatal conductance, which also decreased with increasing LAI. A strong negative correlation obtained between leaf Δ and N content was consistent with a trade-off between intrinsic water- and N-use efficiency.

Effects of exogenous ABA application on stomatal regulation of gas exchange parameters and calculated water use efficiency in major pulses of Tamil Nadu, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhashnamurthi Vijayalakshmi ◽  
Sanchita Kukde Vijay ◽  
Prashanthi Ramakrishnan ◽  
Sathiakumar Periyasamy ◽  
Srividhya Sundaram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Exogenous Aba ◽  
Stomatal Regulation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Exchange Parameters

scholarly journals GAS EXCHANGE AND PHOTOCHEMICAL EFFICIENCY IN LIMA BEAN GENOTYPES GROWN IN COMPACTED SOILS

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-314
Author(s):  
RENATO FRANCISCO DA SILVA SOUZA ◽  
DJAIL SANTOS ◽  
WALTER ESFRAIN PEREIRA ◽  
FABRÍCIO LOPES DE MACEDO ◽  
JHONY VENDRUSCOLO
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Lima Bean ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

ABSTRACT The effects of soil compaction on crop growth and productivity have been well studied in recent years, however, studies on the physiological responses of crops to compaction are scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of soil compaction on gas exchange, and photochemical efficiency of lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) genotypes of different growth habits. The experimental design was a randomized block in a 3×4 factorial arrangement, with three lima bean genotypes (Branca-Pequena, Orelha-de-Vó and Roxinha) and four compaction levels (soil densities of 1.1, 1.3, 1.5 and 1.7 g cm-3), with four replications. The following variables were evaluated at 38 days after sowing: photosynthetic rate (A), leaf transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (gs), internal CO2 concentration (Ci), instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE), intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE), instantaneous carboxylation efficiency (iCE) and photochemical efficiency (Fo, Fm, Fv and Fv/Fm). The data were subjected to analysis of variance at 5% probability by the F test. The genotypes showed a reduction in the photosynthetic rate with increasing soil compaction. The soil compaction affected the photochemical efficiency of the genotype Orelha-de-Vó, with the Fm and Fv fitting to the linear model, and the Fv/Fm fitting to the quadratic model. The genotype Orelha-de-Vó had the highest rate of E and gs at the soil densities of 1.24 and 1.29 g cm-3, respectively. Regarding the photosynthetic rate, the genotype Roxinha is more efficient than Branca-Pequena at the soil density of 1.7 g cm -3.

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