Effect of N, P and cropping frequency on nitrogen use efficiencies of spring wheat in the Canadian semi-arid prairie

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kröbel ◽  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
R. P. Zentner ◽  
R. Lemke ◽  
R. L. Desjardins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Available N ◽  
Cropping Frequency ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Lysimeter Experiment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Semi Arid

Kröbel, R., Campbell, C. A., Zentner, R. P., Lemke, R., Desjardins, R. L. and Karimi-Zindashty, Y. 2012. Effect of N, P and cropping frequency on nitrogen use efficiencies of spring wheat in the Canadian semi-arid prairie. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 141–154. Knowledge of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is useful for determining fertilizer requirements. We used balance and difference methods to determine the effect of N and P fertilizer on nitrogen use efficiencies for continuous wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Cont W) and fallow-wheat-wheat (F-W-W) in a 39-yr crop rotation study conducted on a Brown Chernozem at Swift Current in semi-arid southwestern Saskatchewan. In the balance method, NUE was estimated as yield (Y), or grain N content (GN), divided by either fertilizer N (FN), or FN+soil test N (SN), or FN+SN+growing season net N mineralization (Nmin). Most reasonable results [calculating NUE as either (Y or GN)/(FN+SN+Nmin)] were unaffected by fertilizer or rotation and averaged 10.9 kg grain kg−1available N and 0.3 kg grain N kg−1available N, respectively, for the different fertilizer treatments of Cont W and F-W-W. Using the difference method, where check values are deducted from treatment values in the numerator, Cont W had greater NUE than F-W-W (roughly 2:1). Variations in NUE were not easily explained in the rotation experiment because of the confounding effect of concurrent increases in available moisture and FN availability in the last decade. However, results from a semi-controlled lysimeter experiment at Swift Current showed that irrigation increased NUE, while increasing FN decreased NUE curvilinearly. Of the methods used to assess NUE, the simplest (Y/FN) was the least accurate. However, data needed for more accurate estimates are less likely to be available to the farming community.

Water use efficiency of spring wheat in the semi-arid Canadian prairies: Effect of legume green manure, type of spring wheat, and cropping frequency

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kröbel ◽  
R. Lemke ◽  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
R. Zentner ◽  
B. McConkey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Cropping Frequency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Legume Green Manure

Kröbel, R., Lemke, R., Campbell, C. A., Zentner, R., McConkey, B., Steppuhn, H., De Jong, R. and Wang, H. 2014. Water use efficiency of spring wheat in the semi-arid Canadian prairies: Effect of legume green manure, type of spring wheat, and cropping frequency. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 223–235. In the semi-arid Canadian prairie, water is the main determinant of crop production; thus its efficient use is of major agronomic interest. Previous research in this region has demonstrated that the most meaningful way to measure water use efficiency (WUE) is to use either precipitation use efficiency (PUE) or a modified WUE that accounts for the inefficient use of water in cropping systems that include summer fallow. In this paper, we use these efficiency measures to determine how cropping frequency, inclusion of a legume green manure, and the type of spring wheat [high-yielding Canada Prairie Spring (CPS) vs. Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS)] influence WUE using 25 yr of data (1987–2011) from the “New Rotation” experiment conducted at Swift Current, Saskatchewan. This is a well-fertilized study that uses minimum and no-tillage techniques and snow management to enhance soil water capture. We compare these results to those from a 39-yr “Old Rotation” experiment, also at Swift Current, which uses conventional tillage management. Our results confirmed the positive effect on WUE of cropping intensity, and of CPS wheat compared with CWRS wheat, while demonstrating the negative effect on WUE of a green manure crop in wheat-based rotations in semiarid conditions. Furthermore, we identified a likely advantage of using reduced tillage coupled with water conserving snow management techniques for enhancing the efficiency of water use.

Effect of crop rotations on NO3 leached over 17 years in a medium-textured Brown Chernozem

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
F. Selles ◽  
R. De Jong ◽  
R. P. Zentner ◽  
C. Hamel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Cropping Frequency ◽  
Legume Green Manure

High NO3 concentration in drinking water can be a health hazard, but properly fertilized rotations containing cereals and pulses or perennial grasses reduce the risk of NO3 leaching. Over fertilization, and sometimes under fertilization, frequent summer fallowing, and use of legume green manure may increase the risk of NO3 leaching in subhumid areas. We used a crop rotation study, initiated in 1987 on a medium-textured Brown Chernozem at Swift Current, Saskatchewan, to determine the influence of cropping frequency, legume green manure, wheat class and grass hay crop on NO3-N leached beyond the rooting depth of cereals (1.2 m) after 17 yr. Nitrate distribution in the soil to 2.4 m was measured in 1987 and again in 2003. All rotations received N and P fertilizer based on soil tests, and were generally managed using no-tillage. The period had 4% more precipitation than the long-term average (367 mm) with 5 yr exceeding the average by >13%. A comparison of NO3-N content below 1.2 m depth in 1987 and 2003 showed no significant (P < 0.05) leaching has occurred, although the legume (Lens culinaris L.) green manure-wheat-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) system showed evidence it may eventually leach NO3. Contrary to expectations, continuous-wheat, because of higher N applied and possibly because net N mineralization is small under no-tillage, tended to leach more NO3 than fallow-containing rotations (P = 0.09). Crested Wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L. Gaertn) reduced NO3 content to 2.4 m because it is a perennial with deep and extensive roots. There was no effect of wheat class on the amount of NO3 leached. Key words: Cropping frequency, wheat class, lentil green manure, crested wheatgrass

COMPARISON OF THE EFFECT OF NO3- AND NH4-N ONGROWTH, YIELD, AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF MANITOU SPRING WHEAT AND CONQUEST BARLEY

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1063-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. LEYSHON ◽  
C. A. CAMPBELL ◽  
F. G. WARDER
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Inherent Nature ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of NO3 and NH4 forms of nitrogen on the growth and yield of spring wheat and barley. Two growth-room experiments were carried out using spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ’Manitou’) in both experiments and barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ’Conquest’) in the second. NO3 or NH4-N plus the nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin were applied at rates from 23 to 360 kg N/ha. Temperatures were 27/12 °C (day/night) and soil moisture was maintained at between −0.05 and −1.0 bars by frequent watering. NO3-N-treated plants were taller, and had thicker stems and more spikelets/spike than NH4-N-treated plants. The NH4-N-treated plants produced more spikes and matured faster initially, although by anthesis stage there was little difference in maturity between the NO3- and NH4-N-treated plants. There was no differential effect of nitrogen source on total dry matter at maturity, although dry matter increased in proportion to nitrogen rate. Grain yield of the NH4-N-fed plants was higher than that of the NO3-N-fed plants, especially at the higher nitrogen rates. This was due primarily to the effect on number of spikes produced and secondarily on seed set. It is suspected that denitrification losses of nitrogen from the NO3-N-treated soil contributed to the differential response to the two sources, but there was circumstantial evidence to suggest that some of the difference may have been due to the inherent nature of the two sources which might have affected their ease of metabolism by the plant.

Effects of nitrogen fertilization on grain protein content, nitrogen uptake, and nitrogen use efficiency of six spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, in relation to estimated moisture supply

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Gauer ◽  
C. A. Grant ◽  
L. D. Bailey ◽  
D. T. Gehl
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Moisture Supply ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

The effects of nitrogen fertilization on protein content, N uptake and N use efficiency of grain for six spring wheat cultivars were evaluated over a N application range of 0–200 kg ha−1, under two moisture supply levels, on Black Chernozemic soils in Manitoba. Moisture supply influenced protein content, protein yield, and grain N use efficiency (NUE) of applied fertilizer. Increased moisture supply lowered protein content and increased protein yield and NUE. Increasing N level increased protein, N uptake and decreased NUE, but effects depended on moisture supply. Cultivar differences occurred, especially at the higher moisture level.Key words: Protein, Triticum aestivum L., nitrogen uptake, nitrogen use efficiency, moisture

Long-term spring wheat response to summerfallow frequency and organic amendment in southern Alberta

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Johnston ◽  
H. H. Janzen ◽  
E. G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Organic Amendment ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Livestock Manure ◽  
Available N ◽  
Grain Yields

A long-term rotation experiment was established in 1951 to determine the influence of summerfallow frequency and organic amendment on the yield and quality of unfertilized spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on a Dark Brown Chernozem (Typic Haploboroll) at Lethbridge, Alberta. Wheat was grown either continuously (W), in a 2-yr summerfallow-wheat rotation (FW), or in a 3-yr fallow-wheat-wheat rotation (FWW). No fertilizer N was applied and P, at 22 kg ha−1, was applied to all wheat crops starting in 1985. The 3-yr rotation was also amended with livestock manure (FmWW) and modified to include a hay mixture of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L.) (FWWHHH). Annual grain production was affected by summerfallow frequency and organic amendment, with the lowest grain production obtained in the FW rotation. Amendment with livestock manure resulted in the highest grain yields for wheat grown on summerfallow, while 3 yr of hay in the rotation produced the highest stubble wheat yields. These higher grain yields were accompanied by a 12–31% increase in grain N uptake. Decomposing hay roots increased plant-available N as reflected in the highest grain N concentration and grain N yield in the FWWHHH rotation. Evaluation of grain yields under a range of moisture deficit conditions revealed that a year of summerfallow was often insufficient to recharge soil water depleted by 3 yr of hay in the FWWHHH rotation. Both summerfallow and stubble wheat yields were positively influenced by May rainfall. Overwinter precipitation contributed significantly to the variability observed in stubble wheat and hay yields. In the absence of fertilizer N additions, organic amendments such as animal manures and hay residues are effective means of increasing crop productivity and grain quality in semiarid regions. Key words: Hay, manure, rotation, spring wheat, summerfallow, Triticum aestivum L.

Nitrogen supply of a Dark Brown Chernozem soil and its utilization by wheat

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y K Soon ◽  
S A Brandt ◽  
S S Malhi
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Net N Mineralization ◽  
Available N ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Use Efficiency

Environment and management effects on the N supply to crops are not well understood. We assessed the influence of tillage system (conventional tillage or no-till), N fertilizer (0 or 60 kg N ha-1) and year on N sources and supply of a Dark Brown Chernozem loam soil, and N utilization by spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in 2 yr. The main N source was mineralized N; only 14–23% of wheat N was derived from fertilizer, and non-exchangeable ammonium made no measurable contribution. Soil NO3 and exchangeable NH4 content at sowing and net N mineralization during the growing season (Nmin) were influenced more by year than by N addition and tillage. Nmin was 90–100 kg N ha-1 in 1999, a moist growing season but only 21–39 kg N ha-1 in 2000, a drier year. In both years, soil inorganic N to 60 cm at sowing averaged about 60 kg N ha-1 of which half was N mineralized since the previous harvest. Year accounted for 65–81% of the variation in N uptake. Fertilization increased N uptake and wheat yields, especially in 2000, but fertilization and tillage had no effect on post-heading N uptake and N translocation. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and N recovery were lower with N applied and not affected by tillage. Our study indicated that available N was affected more by environment than management. In dry conditions, when Nmin is low, N application may be more effective in increasing yield and N uptake than in wet years, an observation that may merit further attention. Key words: Available N, N mineralization, N recovery, N use efficiency, non-exchangeable ammonium, tillage

Parameters of nitrogen use efficiency of swiss spring wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.)

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Χρήστος Νούλας
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Use Efficiency

Η αποδοτική χρήση του αζώτου (Ν) από μια σημαντική καλλιέργεια όπως το σιτάρι (Triticum aestivum L.) έχει ουσιαστική συνεισφορά στα αειφορικά γεωργικά συστήματα. Η αποδοτική χρήση του αζώτου είναι περίπλοκη και προσδιορίζεται από την αποδοτικότητα σε καρπό (ανά μονάδα εφαρμοσθέντος αζώτου), η οποία με την σειρά της είναι προΐον της πρόσληψη από τα φυτά (ανά μονάδα εφαρμοσθέντος αζώτου) και της φυσιολογικής αποδοτικότητας (παραγωγή καρπού ανά μονάδα ολικού αζώτου στο βλαστό). Οι πιθανότητες γενετικής βελτίωσης της απόδοσης σε καρπό και πρωτεΐνη πρέπει να διερευνηθούν διεξοδικά προκειμένου να μειωθούν οι απώλειες σε άζωτο. Φαίνεται ότι η πρόσληψη αζώτου είναι η πλέον ελπιδοφόρα στρατηγική για την αύξηση της ποσότητας του αζώτου που προσλαμβάνει το φυτό, επομένως μπορεί να αυξηθεί η απόδοση σε πρωτεΐνη. Επιπλέον, η πρόσληψη του αζώτου ίσως συνδέεται με τη γενοτυπική παραλλακτικότητα σε χαρακτηριστικά του ριζικού συστήματος. Στην παρούσα μελέτη η οποία διεξήχθη σε πειραματικά αγροτεμάχια τριετούς διάρκειας (1998 - 2000) χρησιμοποιήθηκαν επίσης συστήματα λυσιμέτρων προκειμένου να γίνει σύγκριση της αποδοτικής χρήσης του αζώτου σε ανοιξιάτικες ποικιλίες σιταριού. Οι γενότυποι που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν καλλιεργήθηκαν χωρίς (0 kg Ν ha⁻¹) και κάτω από συνθήκες επαρκούς αζωτούχου λίπανσης (250 kg Ν ha⁻¹). Η επιλογή του καταλλήλου γενοτύπου και της αζωτούχου λίπανσης θεωρούνται σήμερα οι πλέον γνωστές καλλιεργητικές τεχνικές οι οποίες έχουν μεγάλη επίδραση στην απόδοση και την ποιότητα (αλευροποιητική αξία) κατά την παραγωγή σιταριού. Η γενετική βελτίωση για αυξημένη παραγωγικότητα αλλά και ποιοτικά χαρακτηριστικά είναι γενικά ένας συμβιβασμός μεταξύ του ενός ή του άλλου χαρακτηριστικού. Η επιλογή μιας ποικιλίας η οποία χαρακτηρίζεται τόσο από την αυξημένη παραγωγή όσο και από την ποιότητα (με περιβαλλοντικές εκτιμήσεις) στα εντατικά γεωργικά συστήματα, μπορεί να προέλθει μέσω της εκμετάλλευσης των υψηλών επιπέδων λίπανσης. Ο πλέον ελπιδοφόρος τρόπος για τη βελτίωση της χρησιμοποίησης του εδαφικού αζώτου φαίνεται ότι είναι η βελτίωση ποικιλιών με σκοπό να μετακινούν ταχύτερα από το έδαφος, το διαθέσιμο στο φυτό άζωτο Γενότυποι με σαφείς διαφορές στην πρόσληψη αζώτου έχουν αναγνωρισθεί στα πλαίσια της παρούσας μελέτης. Υπάρχουν ενδείξεις ότι το ριζικό σύστημα διαδραματίζει ένα σημαντικό ρόλο και ότι γενότυποι υψηλής ή χαμηλής αποδοτικότητας, οι οποίοι αντίστοιχα μπορούν ή αδυνατούν να προσλάβουν επαρκή ποσότητα αζώτου, επιδεικνύουν ιδιαιτερότητες στην ανάπτυξη των ριζών ειδικά στο στάδιο της άνθησης. Μελλοντικές έρευνες θα μπορούσαν να στοχεύουν στη διασταύρωση ποικιλιών με τις μεγαλύτερες διαφορές στην ανάπτυξη των ριζών καθώς και στην πρόσληψη του αζώτου και ο πληθυσμός ο οποίος θα προκύψει θα μπορούσε να χρησιμοποιηθεί στον υπολογισμό των loci που ελέγχουν τη γενετική παραλλακτικότητα με τη χρήση μοριακών χαρτών.

scholarly journals Seeding Rate Effects on Hybrid Spring Wheat Yield, Yield Components and Quality

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1240
Author(s):  
Peder K. Schmitz ◽  
Joel K. Ransom
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
End Use

Agronomic practices, such as planting date, seeding rate, and genotype, commonly influence hard red spring wheat (HRSW, Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell.) production. Determining the agronomic optimum seeding rate (AOSR) of newly developed hybrids is needed as they respond to seeding rates differently from inbred cultivars. The objectives of this research were to determine the AOSR of new HRSW hybrids, how seeding rate alters their various yield components, and whether hybrids offer increased end-use quality, compared to conventional cultivars. The performance of two cultivars (inbreds) and five hybrids was evaluated in nine North Dakota environments at five seeding rates in 2019−2020. Responses to seeding rate for yield and protein yield differed among the genotypes. The AOSR ranged from 3.60 to 5.19 million seeds ha−1 and 2.22 to 3.89 million seeds ha−1 for yield and protein yield, respectively. The average AOSR for yield for the hybrids was similar to that of conventional cultivars. However, the maximum protein yield of the hybrids was achieved at 0.50 million seeds ha−1 less than that of the cultivars tested. The yield component that explained the greatest proportion of differences in yield as seeding rates varied was kernels spike−1 (r = 0.17 to 0.43). The end-use quality of the hybrids tested was not superior to that of the conventional cultivars, indicating that yield will likely be the determinant of the economic feasibility of any future released hybrids.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document