COMPARISON OF THE EFFECT OF NO3- AND NH4-N ONGROWTH, YIELD, AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF MANITOU SPRING WHEAT AND CONQUEST BARLEY

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1063-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. LEYSHON ◽  
C. A. CAMPBELL ◽  
F. G. WARDER
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Inherent Nature ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of NO3 and NH4 forms of nitrogen on the growth and yield of spring wheat and barley. Two growth-room experiments were carried out using spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ’Manitou’) in both experiments and barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ’Conquest’) in the second. NO3 or NH4-N plus the nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin were applied at rates from 23 to 360 kg N/ha. Temperatures were 27/12 °C (day/night) and soil moisture was maintained at between −0.05 and −1.0 bars by frequent watering. NO3-N-treated plants were taller, and had thicker stems and more spikelets/spike than NH4-N-treated plants. The NH4-N-treated plants produced more spikes and matured faster initially, although by anthesis stage there was little difference in maturity between the NO3- and NH4-N-treated plants. There was no differential effect of nitrogen source on total dry matter at maturity, although dry matter increased in proportion to nitrogen rate. Grain yield of the NH4-N-fed plants was higher than that of the NO3-N-fed plants, especially at the higher nitrogen rates. This was due primarily to the effect on number of spikes produced and secondarily on seed set. It is suspected that denitrification losses of nitrogen from the NO3-N-treated soil contributed to the differential response to the two sources, but there was circumstantial evidence to suggest that some of the difference may have been due to the inherent nature of the two sources which might have affected their ease of metabolism by the plant.

YIELD AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF WHOLE-PLANT CEREALS AT A SILAGE STAGE

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. TINGLE ◽  
W. K. DAWLEY
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Dough Stage ◽  
Cereal Cultivars

Ten cereal cultivars and two cereal mixtures were sown at two locations in 3 yr to determine the effects of species, cultivar and location on dry matter (DM) yield, protein and digestibility levels at the soft-dough stage. Jubilee barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and a 40:60 mixture of Glen oats (Avena sativa L.) and Jubilee barley, respectively, produced significantly higher DM yields than Warrior and Piroline barley and Pitic 62 spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Rosner triticale (Triticosecale Whitmack) was lower yielding than all cultivars except Warrior at one location. The average DM digestibility and protein levels for barley exceeded those for oats by 6.5 and 1.4 units, respectively. Likewise, the actual values for Pitic 62 spring wheat were 8.2 digestible units and 1.1 protein units above those of oats. Rosner triticale was intermediate between oats and barley for digestibility and crude protein. Jubilee in mixture with Glen produced more digestible DM than Pitic 62, Rosner, Sioux, Glen, Warrior and Piroline sown alone.

EFFECTS OF INCREMENTAL N FERTILIZATION ON GRAIN YIELD AND DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION OF SIX SPRING WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) CULTIVARS IN SOUTHERN MANITOBA

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. GEHL ◽  
L. D. BAILEY ◽  
C. A. GRANT ◽  
J. M. SADLER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation

A 3-yr study was conducted on three Orthic Black Chernozemic soils to determine the effects of incremental N fertilization on grain yield and dry matter accumulation and distribution of six spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Urea (46–0–0) was sidebanded at seeding in 40 kg N ha−1 increments from 0 to 240 kg ha−1 in the first year and from 0 to 200 kg ha−1 in the 2 subsequent years. Nitrogen fertilization increased the grain and straw yields of all cultivars in each experiment. The predominant factor affecting the N response and harvest index of each cultivar was available moisture. At two of the three sites, 91% of the interexperiment variability in mean maximum grain yield was explained by variation in root zone moisture at seeding. Mean maximum total dry matter varied by less than 12% among cultivars, but mean maximum grain yield varied by more than 30%. Three semidwarf cultivars, HY 320, Marshall and Solar, had consistently higher grain yield and grain yield response to N than Glenlea and Katepwa, two standard height cultivars, and Len, a semidwarf. The mean maximum grain yield of HY 320 was the highest of the cultivars on test and those of Katepwa and Len the lowest. Len produced the least straw and total dry matter. The level of N fertilization at maximum grain yield varied among cultivars, sites and years. Marshall and Solar required the highest and Len the lowest N rates to achieve maximum grain yield. The year-to-year variation in rates of N fertilization needed to produce maximum grain yield on a specific soil type revealed the limitations of N fertility recommendations based on "average" amounts and temporal distribution of available moisture.Key words: Wheat (spring), N response, standard height, semidwarf, grain yield

Differential tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes to metribuzin

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 452 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. L. Kleemann ◽  
G. S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Parental Lines

Field and glasshouse experiments were undertaken at 2 locations in South Australia to evaluate wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) tolerance to metribuzin. Sloop SA barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was used as a standard in the evaluation. Linear and logistic regression models were used to describe the response of wheat genotypes to metribuzin. Parameter estimates of B (slope) and ED50 (dose required for 50% inhibition) estimated by the models were used to compare the responses of the genotypes with that of the known sensitive cv. Spear. In the field, wheat cvv. Blade, Kite, EGA Eagle Rock, and Sloop SA barley showed tolerance to metribuzin, exhibiting little change in seedling density and anthesis dry matter (DM) when treated with metribuzin (187.5 and 375 g/ha). In contrast, wheat cv. Spear, which has 50% common parentage with Blade, showed a strong negative response to metribuzin for both seedling density (B = –0.308) and anthesis DM (B = –0.482), indicating sensitivity to the herbicide. Sonora 64 and Tezanos Pinto Precoz, parental lines of Blade, were also sensitive to metribuzin (>187.5 g/ha), showing similar negative responses to that of Spear for anthesis dry matter (B = –0.307 and –0.387). However, Kite, which is another parent of Blade, showed excellent tolerance to this herbicide, exhibiting only a small response (B = –0.076), which was statistically (P < 0.05) different from that of Spear. In the second field study, cvv. Blade, EGA Eagle Rock, and Sloop SA barley were again far more tolerant to metribuzin than the sensitive cv. Spear, requiring almost double the dose of metribuzin to induce 50% inhibition (ED50). Glasshouse studies, where metribuzin was highly active in a light sandy potting soil at what would be considered low rates in the field (50 and 100 g/ha), confirmed the sensitivity differences among wheat genotypes observed in the field. Wheat genotypes Blade, Kite, EGA Eagle Rock, and daughter line RAC 0824 were consistently tolerant to metribuzin. Sensitivity to metribuzin (50 g/ha) was observed in Spear, and most parental lines of Blade with the exception of Kite. Interestingly, Kite showed equivalent tolerance to its progeny, Blade and EGA Eagle Rock, exhibiting similar ED50 and B (slope) values. It is noteworthy that EGA Eagle Rock has recently been specifically bred for tolerance to metribuzin using Blade as a parent. Considering Kite was the only parent to show tolerance to metribuzin in these field and glasshouse studies, it would appear to be the major contributor to metribuzin tolerance in cv. Blade. At present, Kite is not favoured by wheat breeders due to the presence of a rust-resistant gene (SR26) linked to yield penalty. Further research is required to determine alleles responsible for metribuzin tolerance in wheat and to identify alternative sources of metribuzin tolerance.

High ear number is key to achieving high wheat yields in the high-rainfall zone of south-western Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heping Zhang ◽  
Neil C. Turner ◽  
Michael L. Poole ◽  
Senthold Asseng
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Sink Capacity

The growth and yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were examined to determine the actual and potential yields of wheat at a site in the high rainfall zone (HRZ) of south-western Australia. Spring wheat achieved yields of 5.5−5.9 t/ha in 2001 and 2003 when subsurface waterlogging was absent or minimal. These yields were close to the estimated potential, indicating that a high yield potential is achievable. In 2002 when subsurface waterlogging occurred early in the growing season, the yield of spring wheat was 40% lower than the estimated potential. The yield of wheat was significantly correlated with the number of ears per m2 (r2 = 0.81) and dry matter at anthesis (r2 = 0.73). To achieve 5–6 t/ha of yield of wheat in the HRZ, 450–550 ears per m2 and 10–11 t/ha dry matter at anthesis should be targetted. Attaining such a level of dry matter at anthesis did not have a negative effect on dry-matter accumulation during the post-anthesis period. The harvest index (0.36−0.38) of spring wheat was comparable with that in drier parts of south-western Australia, but relatively low given the high rainfall and the long growing season. This relatively low harvest index indicates that the selected cultivar bred for the low- and medium-rainfall zone in this study, when grown in the HRZ, may have genetic limitations in sink capacity arising from the low grain number per ear. We suggest that the yield of wheat in the HRZ may be increased further by increasing the sink capacity by increasing the number of grains per ear.

The effect of ammonium sulphate treated with a nitrification inhibitor, and calcium nitrate, on growth and N-uptake of spring wheat, ryegrass and kale

1970 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Spratt ◽  
J. K. R. Gasser
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Wheat Grain

SUMMARYWheat, ryegrass and kale were grown with ammonium sulphate (treated with a nitrification inhibitor) or calcium nitrate supplying 50 and 100 lb N/acre, and without fertilizer-N. Plants were sampled at various stages, dry weights measured, percentage N determined and N uptakes calculated.Initially wheat and ryegrass grew better and took up more N with ammonium fertilizer than with nitrate. Final yields of dry matter did not differ between forms. Kale produced more dry matter with calcium nitrate than with ammonium sulphate. All crops produced more dry matter with fertilizer-N than without. Fertilized crops contained greatest weights of N 109 days after sowing, when wheat and ryegrass had more with ammonium than with nitrate and kale had less. The 50 lb N/acre as calcium nitrate produced the most wheat grain/lb of fertilizer-N.During the period when growth and N uptake were fastest, wheat grew faster with ammonium than with nitrate, ryegrass grew similarly with both forms, and kale faster with nitrate; wheat and ryegrass took up N faster from ammonium sulphate and kale from calcium nitrate.Mature wheat recovered 58% of the fertilizer-N from calcium nitrate and 43% from ammonium sulphate. After 21 weeks of growth, kale recovered more N from calcium nitrate (50%) than from ammonium sulphate (24%), whereas grass recovered about 40% from each.

scholarly journals Effects of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone on the growth and yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Mulholland ◽  
J. Craigon ◽  
C.R. Black ◽  
J.J. Colls ◽  
J. Atherton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Elevated Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth And Yield

A comparison of the yield responses of four grasses to a wide range of nitrogen application rates

1985 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

SUMMARYThe yield results are reported for an experiment in which 21 rates of nitrogen fertilizer were applied on pure-sown swards of four grasses, S. 24 and Barvestra perennial ryegrass, S. 37 cocksfoot and S. 53 meadow fescue. Growth curves fitted to the herbage yield data for each grass in each year are presented. On average the total dry-matter yield curves for the two ryegrasses were similar to one another, but showed a slightly smaller response to nitrogen rates below 300 kg/ha than did S. 23 ryegrass in an earlier experiment, and a more rapid decrease in response at higher rates. S. 37 cocksfoot had a similar dry-matter yield response to the ryegrasses at the low nitrogen rates, but the response decreased more rapidly at nitrogen rates over 250 kg/ha. The dry-matter yield response of S. 53 fescue decreased even more rapidly with nitrogen rates over 200 kg/ha. The mean estimates of the optimal nitrogen rate for each of the four grasses, i.e. the nitrogen rate at which the dry-matter response had decreased to 10 kg/kg N, was 380, 372, 357 and 327 kg N/ha for S. 24, Barvestra, S. 37 and S. 53 respectively, compared with 409 kg/ha for S. 23 ryegrass in the earlier experiment.

scholarly journals The intensity of competitive interactions between spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori et. Paol) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under different fertilisation conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-203
Author(s):  
Kinga Treder ◽  
Maria Wanic ◽  
Janusz Nowicki
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Competitive Interactions ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Better Than

Competitive interactions between spring wheat and spring barley were traced based on a pot experiment. In the years 2003-2004, three cycles of the experiment were carried out in a greenhouse. Two spring cereals - wheat and barley, sown in a mixture and in a monoculture, with different mineral fertilisation levels, were the object of evaluation and comparison. The experiment was set up according to the additive scheme, determining dry weight values for both species in 5 growth stages (emergence, tillering, shooting, heading and ripening). Results were used to determine relative yields and competition ratios. It was demonstrated that competition between the cereals started already from the emergence stage and lasted till the end of vegetation, manifesting itself with the greatest strength at the heading stage, but thereafter it weakened in the NPK poorer environment. Access to a larger pool of macroelements resulted in the intensification of competitive interactions. Spring barley used the limited growth factors better than wheat from shooting till the ripening period, and a reverse relation was exhibited only at the tillering stage.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF NITROGEN RATE ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF BAMBARA GROUNDNUT (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) IN JALINGO, TARABA STATE, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
M. M. Tyoakoso ◽  
M. D. Toungos ◽  
M. Babayola
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Nitrogen Rates ◽  
Number Of Branches

Field experiments was conducted during the 2015 rainy season at Teaching and Research Farm of Department of Crop Science, Taraba State College of Agriculture Jalingo, to investigate the effect of Nitrogen rates on the growth and yield of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean (L.) Verdc) in Jalingo. The experiments was laid out in split-plot design with three replications and three nitrogen rates, 20kgNha-1, 25kgNha-1 and 30kgNha-1 as main plot treatment while four intra-row spacing, 20cm, 25cm, 30cm and 35cm as the sub plot treatment. The sub plot size was 3m x 2m (6m2). The nitrogen rate doses were applied a week after emergence of the seedlings. Data collected were, percentage seedlings emergence, number of leaves per plant, number of branches per plant, plant height, number of nodules per plant, number of effective nodules per plant, number of non-effective nodules per plant, days to 50% flowering, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, 100 seeds weight, grain yield per plot and grain yield per ha-1. Data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), means were separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD). The results showed that nitrogen rate applied had no significant influence on growth and yield characters. However, significant influence was recorded of intra-row spacing on number of leaves per plant and number of branches per plant at 6WAS with a mean value of 48.24 and 16.80 respectively. Intra-row spacing, 25cm gave the highest mean number (3.14) of non-effective nodules per plant at 30 DAS while 25cm gave the highest number of days to 50% flowering. The result of the interaction revealed that there were significant interaction between Nitrogen rates and intra-row spacing on the number of leaves at 3 WAS and 6WAS. It is recommended that nitrogen rate of 20kgNha-1 and intra-row spacing of 35cm be adopted for Bambara groundnut in Jalingo.

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