Early seedling growth and forage production of diploid and tetraploid crested wheatgrass and Russian wildrye cultivars

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G Jefferson ◽  
Bruce Coulman
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Russian Wildrye

Cultivars selected for improved seedling vigour may also differ in seedling growth and subsequent forage production. The objective of this project was to compare three cultivars of crested wheatgrass (CWG) and four cultivars of Russian wildrye (RWR) for seedling growth in a greenhouse (GH) trial and two field trials when seeded at 15, 30 and 45 mm depths. Cultivars were Goliath, Kirk and Parkway CWG and SCR39903, Swift, Tetracan, and Tom RWR. Seedling emergence, tiller number, and seedling biomass were determined at 28 d after seeding (DAS) in all three trials. In addition, forage dry matter (DM) yield was determined for 2 yr in the field trials. Small-seeded diploid Parkway crested wheatgrass had reduced emergence at 45 mm seeding depth compared with larger-seeded tetraploid Kirk and Goliath. Goliath had reduced tillering compared with the other two CWG cultivars. The emergence of Tetracan tetraploid RWR was greater at deeper seeding depth than diploid cultivars, SCR39902, Swift and Tom in Field Trial 2, but not in Field Trial 1 and the GH trial. Seedling tiller number of Tetracan RWR was less than that of the other three cultivars. Two-year total CWG forage DM yield in the field was best correlated to emergence. In contrast, 2-yr total RWR forage DM was best correlated to seedling tiller number in GH and Field Trial 2 despite the low tiller numbers at 28 d after seeding. Field emergence of Russian wildrye did not appear to be limiting to seedling establishment in contrast to previous reports. Selection in RWR should include seedling tiller number in combination with seedling emergence in order to improve both seedling vigour and forage productivity. Key words: Establishment, tiller, emergence, forage yields, seedling depth

Seed weight, emergence and seedling vigour of four tetraploid crested wheatgrass populations

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mellish and B. Coulman
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass

This study compared the seed weight, and seedling emergence vigor of four tetraploid crested wheatgrass populations. S9240H, a population selected for seed size, had larger seeds than the cultivars Kirk and CD-II. Heavy seeds had greater emergence and heavier seedlings than light seeds, but there were no differences in these characters among the four populations. Key words: Crested wheatgrass, seed size, seedling vigour

Seedling growth analysis of Russian wildrye

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 1009-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Jefferson
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Seedling Growth Rate ◽  
Russian Wildrye ◽  
High Tillering

Tetracan, a recently released tetraploid cultivar of Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski), has larger seed mass and better emergence from seeding depth than diploid cultivars. The objective of this research was to compare the seedling growth of Russian wildrye with crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schultes), Nordan and second to compare Tetracan Russian wildrye with two diploid Russian wildrye cultivars, Mayak and Swift. Seedlings were destructively harvested at 28, 42, 56, and 70 d after planting (DAP) in the greenhouse. Crested wheatgrass had greater seedling biomass in shoot and root, higher tiller number, and a more efficient root system than the Russian wildrye. Tetracan had fewer, larger tillers with larger leaves and greater root length than the two diploid cultivars. These results document that the tetraploid cultivar Tetracan has a different pattern of tiller initiation and growth than the diploid cultivars. Seedling growth rate and biomass yield (seedling vigor) of tetraploid Russian wildrye could be improved through polyploidization with high tillering diploid breeding lines as parents and selection for large tiller size (similar to Tetracan) while maintaining high tillering capacity. Key words: Specific root length, leaf area, tillering, carbon allocation

Competition, light quality and seedling growth of Russian wildrye grass (Psathyrostachys juncea)

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jefferson ◽  
R. Muri
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Psathyrostachys Juncea ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Russian Wildrye

The low seedling vigour of Russian wildrye grass ( Psathyrostachys juncea ) (RWR) limits its use. Shading from durum wheat ( Triticum turgidum ) reduced RWR leaf number, tiller number, leaf area and seedling dry weight in a growth room experiment. Treatments with similar shading differed in tiller number and dry weight, which suggested that light quality may have also contributed to these responses. In a second growth room experiment, light intensity (PAR) and red:far-red light ratio (670:730 nm) were altered by coloured plastic filters suspended above seedlings of Russian wildrye, crested wheatgrass ( Agropyron desertorum ) (CWG) and Dahurian wildrye grass ( Elymus dahuricus ) (DWR). Leaf area, tiller number and dry weight of RWR seedlings were reduced by declining red:far-red light ratio while light intensity differences at similar red:far-red ratio did not affect these variables. CWG exhibited similar responses to declining red:far-red light ratio as RWR, except that it exhibited a seedling weight response to light intensity. DWR tiller number was not responsive to low red:far-red light ratio but rather to low light intensity. However, DWR seedling weight, tiller weight and leaf area were responsive to declining red:far-red light ratio. These results indicate that RWR seedlings are sensitive to light quality changes caused by neighbouring plants.

scholarly journals Translocation of residual ethoprophos and tricyclazole from soil to spinach

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu Yuan ◽  
Junghak Lee ◽  
Heeju Han ◽  
Boeun Ju ◽  
Eunyoung Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maximum Residue Limit ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
Safe Management ◽  
Residual Amount

AbstractThe dissipation of ethoprophos and tricyclazole in soil and their translocation tendency to spinach were investigated. Prior to field trials, the analytical method for the determination of these pesticide residues was optimized and validated on soil and spinach. The field trial was conducted under greenhouse conditions for two different pretreatment periods with the pesticides. After treating with pesticides 30 (PBI-30) and 60 days (PBI-60) before seeding, soil samples were collected on different days for the dissipation study of soil. Spinach samples were harvested from the soil, and 50% and 100% mature spinach samples were collected. The initial amounts of ethoprophos residue in the PBI-60 and PBI-30 soils were 0.21 and 2.74 mg/kg, respectively, and these both decreased to less than 0.01 mg/kg on the day of spinach harvest. Similar initial residues of tricyclazole were observed in the PBI-60 (0.87 mg/kg) and PBI-30 soils (0.84 mg/kg), and these decreased to 0.44 and 0.34 mg/kg, respectively. The half-lives of ethoprophos in the soils were calculated as 7.6 and 4.8 days, respectively, while relatively long half-lives of 36.5 and 77.0 days were calculated for tricyclazole. According to the pesticide residue amounts in the spinach, the translocation rate from the soil to the spinach was determined. In the case of ethoprophos, the residual amount was already rapidly degraded in the soil, and the translocation rate could not be confirmed. On the other hand, for tricyclazole, it was confirmed that 1.19 to 1.61% of the residual amount in soil was transferred to spinach. According to these results, safe management guidelines for tricyclazole in soil were suggested considering the maximum residue limit on spinach.

scholarly journals Chilling of Endodormant Peach Propagules: V. Comparisons between Seeds, Seedlings, and Cuttings

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Frisby ◽  
Schuyler D. Seeley
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The Other ◽  
Terminal Shoot ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings ◽  
Accurate Indicator

We determined whether the chilling process (endodormancy release) was similar in peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batch cv. Johnson Elberta] seeds, seedlings (near normal to physiologically dwarfed), and mature plants (cuttings) by comparing correlation coefficients of various growth measurements following similar chilling treatments. Seed germination (10 days after forcing at 20C) and seedling emergence (15 days after forcing in the greenhouse) correlated highly with leaf and shoot growth (56 days of growth) of seedlings and terminal shoot growth of cuttings (13 days after forcing). The correlations were higher for germination than for emergence. Initial (first season) seedling growth correlated poorly with germination, emergence, budbreak, and growth of seedlings (second season) and shoot growth of cuttings. Budbreak and growth of seedlings correlated highly with shoot growth of cuttings. The abnormal leaf problem, which can cause apex abortion (common with initial seedling growth), confounded correlations with initial seedling growth. Yet, the abnormal leaf problem did not hinder correlations with the second seasons growth. Good relationships between the chilling mechanisms that promoted germination, emergence, budbreak, and growth of seedlings and shoot growth of cuttings existed, but were dependent on what was measured and when the measurement was taken. Germination (forced at 20C) was the most accurate indicator of the seed chilling status for comparisons with the responses of the other propagules.

Opportunistic association between Pythium species and weed residues causing seedling emergence failure in cereals

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Pittaway
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Systemic Fungicide ◽  
Pythium Species ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

Field trials were conducted to establish the link between weed residue management, Pythium infectivity and cereal seedling emergence failure. The herbicide glyphosate was used to manage weed-free and weed residue treatments, and the systemic fungicide metalaxyl was used to protect seedlings from pythiaceous attack. Seedling vigour and emergence were enhanced by the application of metalaxyl, and by the total suppression of weed growth. Invasion of cereal seedlings by pythiaceous fungi was greatest when seed was sown into cloddy seedbeds within 1-3 days after herbicide application. Debilitated weeds enhanced the activity of pythiaceous pathogens, promoting the invasion of cereals sown into the residues. If sowing is delayed for 3 weeks after herbicide application, pythiaceous activity will be reduced by saprophytic competitors colonizing the residues, resulting in improved seedling vigour and establishment.

scholarly journals Seed Germination in Blood Fruit (Haematocarpus validus (Miers.) Bakh. f. ex Forman) as Influenced by Substrate

2020 ◽  
pp. 104-107
Author(s):  
Pooja Bohra ◽  
Ajit Arun Waman ◽  
R. Karthika Devi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Native People ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Underutilized Species ◽  
Vigour Index

Blood fruit is a tropical underutilized species, fruits of which have been identified as source of natural colourant. However, forests are the major source of fruits to native people. In order to conserve the natural population of this species and promote cultivation, nursery techniques need to be standardized. In the present investigation, effect of three substrates viz. vermicompost, sand and soil + vermicompost was studied on seed germination characteristics. Results revealed significant differences among the treatments. Use of vermicompost improved seed germination (69%) significantly over the other substrates used. Though most of the studied seedling growth parameters did not differ among the treatments, significantly highest seedling vigour index (5466.9) was recorded when vermicompost was used as substrate. Considering these findings, use of vermicompost is advisable for germination of blood fruit in nursery.

scholarly journals Seed Germination in Blood Fruit (Haematocarpus validus (Miers.) Bakh. f. ex Forman) as Influenced by Substrate

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-107
Author(s):  
Pooja Bohra ◽  
Arun Waman ◽  
R. Karthika Devi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Natural Population ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Native People ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Underutilized Species ◽  
Vigour Index

Blood fruit is a tropical underutilized species, fruits of which have been identified as source of natural colourant. However, forests are the major source of fruits to native people. In order to conserve the natural population of this species and promote cultivation, nursery techniques need to be standardized. In the present investigation, effect of three substrates viz. vermicompost, sand and soil + vermicompost was studied on seed germination characteristics. Results revealed significant differences among the treatments. Use of vermicompost improved seed germination (69%) significantly over the other substrates used. Though most of the studied seedling growth parameters did not differ among the treatments, significantly highest seedling vigour index (5466.9) was recorded when vermicompost was used as substrate. Considering these findings, use of vermicompost is advisable for germination of blood fruit in nursery.

scholarly journals Emergence and Seedling Growth of Okra Genotypes at Low Temperatures

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1310-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lurline Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Planting ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis

Seedling emergence and growth of 39 genotypes of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] were studied at several temperatures. Seeds were evaluated in two separate studies. One was a 3-year early planting field evaluation where air temperatures ranged from -2 to 29C. The other was a study at controlled temperatures of 10/10, 14/10, 15/15, 20/10, and 20/20C day/night. Okra genotypes showed variation in seedling emergence in the field, but the results fluctuated over years. Seedlings emerged at all the controlled temperatures, although the percentage of emergence reached only 13% at 10/10C. All temperature regimes produced some degree of leaf chlorosis, the severity of which was greatest at the lower temperatures. Leaves of none of the okra seedlings of any of the genotypes grew at 10/10, 14/10, or 15/15C. Genotypic variation in emergence was observed with the controlled temperatures.

Genetic variation for rate of establishment in caucasian clover

1998 ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
K.H. Widdup ◽  
T.L. Knight ◽  
C.J. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Trifolium Ambiguum ◽  
Root Dry Weight

Slow establishment of caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum L.) is hindering the use of this legume in pasture mixtures. Improved genetic material is one strategy of correcting the problem. Newly harvested seed of hexaploid caucasian clover germplasm covering a range of origins, together with white and red clover and lucerne, were sown in 1 m rows in a Wakanui soil at Lincoln in November 1995. After 21 days, the caucasian clover material as a group had similar numbers of emerged seedlings as white clover and lucerne, but was inferior to red clover. There was wide variation among caucasian clover lines (48-70% seedling emergence), with the cool-season selection from cv. Monaro ranked the highest. Recurrent selection at low temperatures could be used to select material with improved rates of seedling emergence. Red clover and lucerne seedlings produced significantly greater shoot and root dry weight than caucasian and white clover seedlings. Initially, caucasian clover seedlings partitioned 1:1 shoot to root dry weight compared with 3:1 for white clover. After 2 months, caucasian clover seedlings had similar shoot growth but 3 times the root growth of white clover. Between 2 and 5 months, caucasian clover partitioned more to root and rhizome growth, resulting in a 0.3:1 shoot:root ratio compared with 2:1 for white clover. Both clover species had similar total dry weight after 5 months. Unhindered root/ rhizome devel-opment is very important to hasten the establishment phase of caucasian clover. The caucasian clover lines KZ3 and cool-season, both selections from Monaro, developed seedlings with greater shoot and root growth than cv. Monaro. KZ3 continued to produce greater root growth after 5 months, indicating the genetic potential for improvement in seedling growth rate. Different pasture estab-lishment techniques are proposed that take account of the seedling growth characteristics of caucasian clover. Keywords: establishment, genetic variation, growth, seedling emergence, Trifolium ambiguum

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