Outstanding flame retardancy for poly(vinyl alcohol) achieved using a resveratrol/tannic acid complex

The rigid molecular structure of biobased resveratrol/tannic acid (RETA) complex increases the residual amount of RETA-poly(vinyl alcohol) after complete combustion.

Effects of Glycerol-Waste Antifreeze Based Grinding Aids on Cement Grinding Characteristics

Grinding aids to increase grinding efficiency in cement production are materials that can produce large amounts of high-quality cement in a short time by reducing surface energy by preventing particle agglomeration and improving fluidity. In the paper, a grinding aid using glycerol-waste antifreeze(GAP) is prepared and its effect on the grinding properties of clinker is investigated in contrast to that without the grinding aid. The results are as follows: The angle of repose of the cement powder added with GAP decreases as the grinding time increases (decreases by 3.8° when the grinding time is 60 minutes), indicating that it increases the flowability of the powder. On the contrary, the residual amount of 45µm sieve is also significantly reduced (4.6% decrease) and the specific surface area increases (30.5m2/kg), which results in an increase in the grinding efficiency. In the size range of 3 to 32µm, it increases the particle content, makes the particle size distribution uniform, the 7d and 28d activity index of the powder is improved by 5% and 6%, respectively, and increases the compressive strength of the cement. In addition, it is confirmed that the performance of the TEA grinding aid and the grinding aid are similar, and are very effective in terms of economy.

Glyphosate residues in grain after desiccation of crops in the Ob Region

The residual amounts of glyphosate in wheat grain after desiccation of crops were determined. Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in the world. The level of its ecotoxicity is widely discussed in the scientific literature after the compound was classified as “a likely carcinogenic” pesticide. It is assumed that glyphosate residues can be highest when the crops are desiccated before harvesting. The studies were carried out in 2018 (central forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk Ob region (54°53'13.5"N, 82°59'36.7"E). In the experiment, desiccation of wheat was carried out with the herbicide Zero Super (the content of isopropylamine salt of glyphosate was 750 g/kg) at the recommended dose of 1.5- 2.0 kg/ha. Glyphosate residues in plant biomass were determined using the test system, based on the principle of enzyme immunoassay. Pre-preparation of the samples for the analysis was carried out according to the recommendation of Stylab laboratory, which validated the method for the determination of glyphosate in grain. Glyphosate residues were found in all of the 37 samples tested. Regardless of the sampling period after desiccation, herbicide residues in the grain did not exceed 4.4 mg/kg. In 14 days after desiccation, the minimum pesticide level was lower (0.5 mg/kg) compared to the data obtained in 7 days (2.6 mg/kg). The content of the herbicide residues in wheat straw was higher than in grain. The highest values of glyphosate residues were found in the dry biomass of weed vegetation (up to 9 mg/kg). In the grain stored for 1 year, the content of GR has not decreased. The data obtained were compared with the MRL for the residual amount of glyphosate in wheat grain accepted in the world.

Translocation of residual ethoprophos and tricyclazole from soil to spinach

The dissipation of ethoprophos and tricyclazole in soil and their translocation tendency to spinach were investigated. Prior to field trials, the analytical method for the determination of these pesticide residues was optimized and validated on soil and spinach. The field trial was conducted under greenhouse conditions for two different pretreatment periods with the pesticides. After treating with pesticides 30 (PBI-30) and 60 days (PBI-60) before seeding, soil samples were collected on different days for the dissipation study of soil. Spinach samples were harvested from the soil, and 50% and 100% mature spinach samples were collected. The initial amounts of ethoprophos residue in the PBI-60 and PBI-30 soils were 0.21 and 2.74 mg/kg, respectively, and these both decreased to less than 0.01 mg/kg on the day of spinach harvest. Similar initial residues of tricyclazole were observed in the PBI-60 (0.87 mg/kg) and PBI-30 soils (0.84 mg/kg), and these decreased to 0.44 and 0.34 mg/kg, respectively. The half-lives of ethoprophos in the soils were calculated as 7.6 and 4.8 days, respectively, while relatively long half-lives of 36.5 and 77.0 days were calculated for tricyclazole. According to the pesticide residue amounts in the spinach, the translocation rate from the soil to the spinach was determined. In the case of ethoprophos, the residual amount was already rapidly degraded in the soil, and the translocation rate could not be confirmed. On the other hand, for tricyclazole, it was confirmed that 1.19 to 1.61% of the residual amount in soil was transferred to spinach. According to these results, safe management guidelines for tricyclazole in soil were suggested considering the maximum residue limit on spinach.

Radiologic examination of pharynx for oropharyngeal dysphagia in a patient with dermatomyositis (clinical observation)

Dermatomyositis – a systemic connective tissue disease, from the group of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Affection of the skeletal muscle tissue in inflammatory myopathies causes progressive muscle weakness. In dermatomyositis reduction in contraction ability of the muscles involved in the act of swallowing, leads to violation of the mechanism of respiratory protection from getting food masses inside and from development of dysphagia.The purpose of the study was to evaluate the changes detected in the process of radiologic examination of the dermatomyositis patient’s throat.Materials and methods. Patient K. 61 years old, he has dermatomyositis and clinical signs of oropharyngeal dysphagia. The patient underwent a pharyngeal radiologic examination, which allowed to confirm the disturbance of swallowing function and to establish the fact of aspiration.Results and discussion. Radiological examination of the pharynx showed signs of pharynx hypotony, pharyngeal ectasia, stasis, residual amount of radiocontrast agent in caudal section of larynx, penetration, aspiration.Conclusion. Radiological examination of the pharynx in patients with dermatomyositis is important method examination of studying swallowing disorders and predicting risk of serve complications.The peculiarity of this case is the demonstration of swallowing dysfunction dynamics in a patient with dermatomyositis at admission to the clinic and after treatment.

Microemulsions as Solubilizers and Penetration Enhancers for Minoxidil Release from Gels

Micro- and nanoemulsions are potential drug solubilizers and penetration enhancers through the high surfactant/co-surfactant content. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of minoxidil (MXD) solubilized in the microemulsions (MEs) on drug release by in vitro/ex vivo diffusion through the semi-permeable membrane Spectra/Por® (Spectrum Laboratory, Gardena, CA, USA) and porcine ear skin. Moreover, a residual amount of drug in the skin after ex vivo diffusion was evaluated. The reference MER, lecithin-containing MEL, and gelatin-containing MEG were characterized in terms of their size, polydispersity index, density, viscosity, electrical conductivity and surface tension. Based on the in vitro diffusion, it can be argued that MEL slowed down the drug release, while MER and MEG have no significant effect compared to the sample, in which propylene glycol (PG) was used as a solubilizer. Determination of the residual drug amount in the skin after 6 h of the ex vivo permeation was demonstrated as the most valuable method to evaluate the effectiveness of the ME’s application. The results indicate that the most optimal MXD permeation enhancers in alginate gel were the natural surfactants containing MEs. MXD solubilization in MEG and MEL had caused more than 5% of the drug remaining in the skin, which is almost a 1.5-fold higher amount compared to the reference gel.

VETERINARY EXAMINATION OF MEAT DURING THE REHABILITATION OF FARMS FOR CHLAMYDIA CATTLE

This article discusses the veterinary and sanitary examination of meat in the recovery of farms treated for chlamydia of cattle. The article examines the content of organoleptic, physico-chemical and residual amount of antibiotics in meat in chlamydia of cattle. According to the results of the study, the physical and chemical parameters of beef did not change when using antibiotics and did not affect the freshness of meat. Upon examination of the research on the surface thus in the experimental group and the control group showed signs of microbial bodies. In the surface layers of muscles from healthy animals thus the number of microbial bodies was normal. No microbial bodies were found in the deep layers of the muscles in the control and experimental groups. When determining the residual amount of antibiotics in meat, tetracycline antibiotics with high inhibitory activity against chlamydia were used. In our case, the antibiotics doxycycline 200 and nitox 200 were used. The residual amount of antibiotics in the meat samples of the tusch control group, where the antibiotic doxycycline 200 was used for 21 and 28 days after slaughter, was not detected in the meat samples. At the same time, in the group where the antibiotic nitox 200 was used on 21 days after slaughter, meat samples were found. And for 28 days after slaughter, the antibiotic was not detected in the samples of the control group and the experimental group. This means that the antibiotic doxycycline 200 is more effective than nitox 200 and is excreted from the animal body faster.

The study of the completeness of the removal of the detergents from children's clothes by the amount of anionic surfactants in wastewater

Objective: We determined a safety level of the agents by the residual amount of the anionic surfactants in wastewater from the objects after their washing with the agents for the treatment of children's products. Materials and methods: 16 detergents for children's clothes washing were purchased at the supermarkets of Kyiv. In our study we applied sanitary-and-chemical research methods: express method for the assessment of the anionic surfactants on the clothes fabrics; an extraction-photometric method for the determination of the the residual amount of the main active substances of the anionic surfactants in the experimental sample. Results: The analysis of the results shows that there is a significant difference in the surfactant amount in the wastewater after washing with powder and liquid detergents based on the synthetic anionic surfactants and natural soap. Therefore, the anionic surfactants are rinsing best of all from the clothes washed with the detergents based on natural soaps (Soaps “Droog”, “Clean & White”, “Kroha”). After washing of the children's clothes with powder and liquid detergents for automatic washing based on synthetic anionic surfactants, the residual amount of the anionic surfactants on the fabrics exceeds the accepted hygienic standard. Conclusions: It has been discovered that even after repeated rinsing, the fabrics, treated with washing powder and liquid detergents, contain the residual amount of the anionic surfactants that exceeds normative parameters (8 of 13 investigated detergents based on the anionic surfactants) by 2-3 times. Taking into account a specificity of children’s functional skin state, especially the incompletely formed multistage protection system, it is recommended to use the detergents based on natural soap and products containing less than 5% of the surfactants for washing of the clothes of the children aged 0 to 6 years.