scholarly journals The composition, intake, and digestibility of timothy silage preserved untreated or treated with formic acid or a cellulase-hemicellulase preparation

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Narasimhalu ◽  
L. J. Halliday ◽  
J. B. Sanderson ◽  
H. T. Kunelius ◽  
K. A. Winter
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Plastic Tube

Timothy was field-wilted and ensiled in plastic-tube silos either untreated or treated with formic acid or a cellulase-hemicellulase preparation (enzyme). This study showed that first-cut timothy, field wilted to 350 g kg−1 DM, can be stored as a medium- to good-quality silage without using formic acid or enzyme as an additive. Key words: Silage composition, intake, digestibility, volatile fatty acids

ABSORPTION OF DISSOCIATED VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS THROUGH THE RUMEN WALL OF SHEEP

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 167-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. OSHIO ◽  
I. TAHATA
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Isobutyric Acid ◽  
Hypertonic Solution ◽  
Hypotonic Solution ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
Fractional Absorption

The fractional absorption rate of VFA, which was in the order of caproic > valeric > butyric = propionic = acetic > isovaleric > isobutyric acid at high pH level, was promoted in hypotonic solution. Conversely in hypertonic solution or long-term isolated rumen pouch, the absorption of lower acids such as acetic or propionic acid was depressed. Key words: VFA, absorption, osmolality, rumen, sheep

scholarly journals INHIBITION OF FORESTOMACH MOTILITY BY SHORT-CHAIN VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS IN SHEEP

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 11-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. GREGORY
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Myenteric Plexus ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Ruminal Contractions

Ruminal infusions of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) abolished intrinsic forestomach contractions (vagotomized sheep) and secondary ruminal and reticular contractions at similar concentrations. Lower VFA concentrations abolished primary ruminal contractions. VFA mixtures were inhibitory by summation of individual VFA effects. Inhibition may involve direct effects on the forestomach musculature or myenteric plexus. Key words: Sheep, forestomach motility, volatile fatty acids

FORESTOMACH EPITHELIAL RECEPTOR ACTIVATION BY GRAIN OVERLOAD RUMEN FLUIDS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 5-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. CRICHLOW ◽  
R. K. CHAPLIN
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acidosis ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Receptor Activation

Rumen fluids, obtained during the loss of forestomach motility in sheep experiencing ruminal lactic-acidosis, activated reticulo-ruminal epithelial receptors when applied to the receptive fields of these receptors. Rumen fluids which contained the highest levels of undissociated volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were the most effective. Since the levels of undissociated VFAs in effective rumen fluids were, in some cases, lower than the determined VFA thresholds of the receptors, receptor activation in these instances may have been facilitated by the levels of free lactic acid within these samples. Key words: Grain overload, epithelial receptors, ruminal stasis

Study of the methanogenic degradation of phenol via carboxylation to benzoate

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 573-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Guy Bisaillon ◽  
François Lépine ◽  
Réjean Beaudet
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Proteose Peptone ◽  
Benzoate Degradation ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Cyclohexane Carboxylate

An anaerobic bacterial consortium carboxylating phenol to benzoate by cometabolism in the presence of proteose peptone under methanogenic conditions was studied. Yeast extract or a mixture of tryptophan and lysine could replace proteose peptone without affecting the carboxylating activity, whereas glucose, glycerol, pyruvate, volatile fatty acids, and sodium bicarbonate could not. The carboxylating microorganism could not be obtained pure from the phenol culture supplemented with tryptophan and lysine; six different morphological types of microorganisms were able to grow in this medium. The results obtained with potential intermediates of benzoate degradation given as substrates to the consortium suggest that benzoate is transformed to 1-cyclohexene carboxylate and to heptanoate. Part of 1-cyclohexene carboxylate was transformed to an apparent dead-end product identified as cyclohexane carboxylate. Key words: phenol, carboxylation, benzoate, methanogenic conditions.

scholarly journals ABSORPTION AND UTILIZATION OF VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS IN RUMINANTS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. MacLEOD ◽  
E. R. ØRSKOV
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Utilization ◽  
Molar Percent

VFA absorption was investigated in sheep and cattle nourished by intragastric infusions. No differences in absorption were observed between the mixtures of VFA studied. However, unlike osmotic pressure, pH affected the relative proportions of VFA found in the rumen. At pH 7.0 the proportions found resembled those infused; at pH 5.3 acetic acid was 10 molar percent higher. Key words: Ruminant, intragastric volatile fatty acid utilization

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