ABSORPTION OF DISSOCIATED VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS THROUGH THE RUMEN WALL OF SHEEP

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 167-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. OSHIO ◽  
I. TAHATA
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Isobutyric Acid ◽  
Hypertonic Solution ◽  
Hypotonic Solution ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
Fractional Absorption

The fractional absorption rate of VFA, which was in the order of caproic > valeric > butyric = propionic = acetic > isovaleric > isobutyric acid at high pH level, was promoted in hypotonic solution. Conversely in hypertonic solution or long-term isolated rumen pouch, the absorption of lower acids such as acetic or propionic acid was depressed. Key words: VFA, absorption, osmolality, rumen, sheep

scholarly journals Absorption of volatile fatty acids from the rumen of lactating dairy cows as influenced by volatile fatty acid concentration, pH and rumen liquid volume

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Dijkstra ◽  
Huug Boer ◽  
Jaap Van Bruchem ◽  
Marianne Bruining ◽  
Seerp Tamminga
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Liquid Volume ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Fractional Absorption

The effect of rumen liquid volume, pH and concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) on the rates of absorption of acetic, propionic and butyric acids from the rumen was examined in lactating dairy cows. Experimental solutions introduced into the emptied, washed rumen comprised two different volumes (10 or 30 1), four levels of pH (4.5, 5.4, 6.3, 7.2) and three levels of individual VFA concentrations (20, 50 or 100 mM-acetic, propionic or butyric acid). All solutions contained a total of 170 mM-VFA and an osmotic value of 400 mOsmol/l. Absorption rates were calculated from the disappearance of VFA from the rumen corrected for passage with liquid phase to the omasum. An increase in initial fluid pH caused a reduction in fractional absorption rates of propionic and butyric acids. Increasing the initial pH from 4.5 to 7.2 reduced fractional absorption rates of acetic, propionic and butyric acids from 0.35, 0.67 and 0.85 to 0.21, 0.35 and 0.28/h respectively. The fractional absorption rates of all VFA were reduced (P < 0.05) by an increase in initial rumen volume. The fractional absorption rate of acetic acid was lower (P < 0.05) at an initial concentration of 20 mM than of 50 mM. The fractional absorption rate of propionic acid tended (P < 0.10) to decrease as the level of concentration increased while fractional absorption rate of butyric acid was not affected by butyric acid concentration. These results indicate that relative concentrations of VFA in rumen fluid might not represent relative production rates and that attempts to estimate individual VFA production from substrate digestion must take account of pH and VFA concentration.

scholarly journals Absorption and metabolism of volatile fatty acids by rumen and omasum

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Luiz Pratti Daniel ◽  
João Chrysostomo de Resende Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Diffusion Chamber ◽  
Serosal Side ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Mucosal Side ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Fractional Absorption

Volatile fatty acids (VFA) absorption and metabolic capacity of rumen and omasum were compared, in vitro. Fragments of rumen wall and omasum laminae were taken from eight adult crossbred bovines. An isolated fragment of the mucosa was fitted in a tissue diffusion chamber. Valeric acid and CrEDTA were added to ruminal fluid and placed on the mucosal side and buffer solution was placed on the serosal side. Fractional absorption rates were measured by exponential VFA:Cr ratio decay over time. Metabolism rate was determined as the difference between VFA absorbed and VFA which appeared on the serosal side over time. Mitotic index was higher in omasum (0.52%) than in rumen epithelium (0.28%). VFA fractional absorption rate was higher in omasum (4.6%/h.cm²) than in rumen (0.4%/h.cm²). Acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate showed similar fractional absorption rates in both fragments. Percentage of metabolized acetate and propionate was lower than butyrate and valerate in both stomach compartments. In the rumen, individual VFA metabolism rates were similar (mean of 7.7 , but in the omasum, valerate (90.0 was more metabolized than butyrate (59.6 propionate (69.8 and acetate (51.7 . Correlation between VFA metabolism and mitotic index was positive in the rumen and in the omasum. In conclusion, VFA metabolism and absorption potential per surface of the omasum is higher than that of the rumen. Variations on rumen and omasum absorption capacities occur in the same way, and there are indications that factors capable of stimulating rumen wall proliferation are similarly capable of stimulating omasum walls.

Responses in milk yield and composition to the inclusion of ammonium salts of short-chain fatty acids in the drinking water of dairy cows

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jackson ◽  
J. A. F. Rook
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Jersey Cows ◽  
Friesian Cows

SUMMARYThe effect of introducing a solution of fatty acids (consisting mainly of ammonium acetate) into the drinking water of Jersey and Friesian cows on the yield and composition of milk was investigated. In short-term experiments there were small increases in milk yield and in the yield of fat in Jersey cows receiving either a high-roughage or a high-concentrate diet and in Friesian cows receiving a high-concentrate diet. Friesian cows receiving a high-roughage diet gave no response. In a long-term experiment extending over 16 weeks of lactation with Jersey cows receiving a high-concentrate diet, there was no immediate effect on milk yield but a greater persistency and overall the yield of fat was increased by 5·9%.Inclusion of ammonia salts in the drinking water caused increases in the ammonia contents of rumen liquor and of blood but there was little effect on rumen pH or the volatile fatty acids of rumen liquor.

Effect of volatile fatty acids on water and ion absorption from the goat colon

1975 ◽  
Vol 229 (4) ◽  
pp. 997-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Argenzio ◽  
N Miller ◽  
W von Engelhardt
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Passive Movement ◽  
Hypertonic Solution ◽  
Absorptive Function ◽  
Ion Absorption

The absorption of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and the influence of VFA on the net transport of inorganic electrolytes and water were examined in the temporarily isolated colon of the conscious goat. Perfusion of the colon with a solution similar in content to that normally present in the cecal outflow showed that the net absorption of VFA was more rapid than that of any other ion present in the solution. When the VFA were replaced with Cl, the net absorption of Na and water was reduced nearly twofold. Increasing the pH of the solution from 6.0 to 7.4 in the presence of VFA also resulted in a twofold decreased in the net transport of Na and water. Perfusion of the colon with a hypertonic solution resulted in approximately zero net water transport; however, the net absorption of Na and VFA continued at similar rates as before. These results support the concept that the colon primarily conserves solute followed by the passive movement of water. They also demonstrate that VFA are rapidly absorbed from the goat colon and indicate a striking influence of VFA on the net transport of Na and water. The presence of VFA in the large intestine may be important for normal absorptive function.

scholarly journals INHIBITION OF FORESTOMACH MOTILITY BY SHORT-CHAIN VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS IN SHEEP

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 11-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. GREGORY
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Myenteric Plexus ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Ruminal Contractions

Ruminal infusions of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) abolished intrinsic forestomach contractions (vagotomized sheep) and secondary ruminal and reticular contractions at similar concentrations. Lower VFA concentrations abolished primary ruminal contractions. VFA mixtures were inhibitory by summation of individual VFA effects. Inhibition may involve direct effects on the forestomach musculature or myenteric plexus. Key words: Sheep, forestomach motility, volatile fatty acids

FORESTOMACH EPITHELIAL RECEPTOR ACTIVATION BY GRAIN OVERLOAD RUMEN FLUIDS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 5-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. CRICHLOW ◽  
R. K. CHAPLIN
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acidosis ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Receptor Activation

Rumen fluids, obtained during the loss of forestomach motility in sheep experiencing ruminal lactic-acidosis, activated reticulo-ruminal epithelial receptors when applied to the receptive fields of these receptors. Rumen fluids which contained the highest levels of undissociated volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were the most effective. Since the levels of undissociated VFAs in effective rumen fluids were, in some cases, lower than the determined VFA thresholds of the receptors, receptor activation in these instances may have been facilitated by the levels of free lactic acid within these samples. Key words: Grain overload, epithelial receptors, ruminal stasis

Preparation of fecal samples for assay of volatile fatty acids by gas-liquid chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography.

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
H M Chen ◽  
C H Lifschitz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Isobutyric Acid ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Cation Exchange Column

Abstract We describe a procedure for preparing fecal samples for determination of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) and "high-performance" liquid chromatography (HPLC). The simple, one-step procedure involves only ultrafiltration through a membrane with a molecular-mass cutoff of 3000 Da. As revealed by the GLC chromatograms, ultrafiltration appears to be as effective as steam distillation in sample clean-up. It also enables higher, more reproducible analytical recoveries of long-chain VFAs. The VFA content of the filtrate can also be measured by HPLC. Use of the ion-exclusion mechanism completely resolves isobutyric acid and butyric acid on a cation-exchange column. The mean (+/- SD) percentage distribution values of VFAs (measured by GLC) from five healthy subjects were 56.0 +/- 3.5 (acetic acid), 17.0 +/- 5.3 (propionic acid), 2.9 +/- 1.5 (isobutyric acid), 18.8 +/- 5.8 (butyric acid), 2.3 +/- 1.2 (isovaleric acid), and 2.9 +/- 0.8 (valeric acid).

scholarly journals Bioprospecting Kitchen Refuse as a Suitable Substrate for Biogasification

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. ASWR.S32779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay K. Malesu ◽  
Snehasish Mishra ◽  
Sanjay K. Ojha ◽  
Kalyani Naik ◽  
Puneet K. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Digestion Rate ◽  
Microbial Counts ◽  
Process Modification ◽  
Production Values ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
Better Than

Conventionally, methane nonproducing organic substrates such as kitchen refuse (KR) are amenable as biogasifiers, similar or even better than that of the naturally biogasifying cow dung (CD) through process modification. Comparative physicochemical and biological analyses revealed that KR had no methanogen and was low on amylase and cellulase positive and total microbial counts. It was observed that the pH level lowered further when the KR alone was biogasified, attributable to the accumulating volatile fatty acids, which indicates the failure of the last and final step of biomethanation. Study of the raw and digested forms of KR, CD, and kitchen refuse fortified with cow dung (KC) revealed that there was a net percentage decrease in dry matter (70.00, 94.33, and 88.88, respectively), total dissolved solids (1, 1.5, and 1.5, respectively), and phosphate contents (12, 19, and 20, respectively), indicating an optimal microbial activity in all the substrates. Although digestion rate in CD was better than that in KR, KC exhibited an enhanced digestion rate over KR attributable to the process being facilitated by increased microbial counts; amylase-, cellulase-, and lipase-positive microbes; and methanogens. Furthermore, the active methanogens in CD inoculum (in KC) facilitated biomethanation by better utilizing the volatile fatty acids that ensured better stability in the pH level throughout. The cumulative biogas production values were 1281, 4448, and 3256 cm3 in KR, CD, and KC, respectively. Methane production started by the seventh day in CD and KC and reached up to 63.65% and 53%, respectively, by the 21st day in batch operation. Thus, KR is a promising candidate for biogasification, thereby opening a plethora of opportunity to utilize the technology even in urban and periurban locations that are low on cattle resources albeit rich in other organic refuse. There is a necessity to estimate the biomethanation potentials of various other available organic refuse.

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