Effect of index selection for reduced backfat thickness and increased growth rate on sow weight changes through two parities in swine

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. McKay
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Index Selection ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Impact

The impact of continued selection for reduced backfat thickness and improved growth rate on weight changes in Yorkshire and Hampshire sows, from breeding as gilts to weaning their second litter, was studied. Results suggest that some sow weight changes may have been influenced by selection pressure exerted. Key words: Sows, Canadian Yorkshire, Hampshire, liveweight change

Preweaning losses of piglets as a result of index selection for reduced backfat thickness and increased growth rate

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. McKay
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Index Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Preweaning Period

Index selection for reduced backfat thickness and increased postweaning growth rate resulted in increased preweaning death losses due either directly or indirectly to the sow in the Yorkshire and Hampshire breeds. This resulted in a reduced percentage of piglets weaned in the Yorkshire breed. Key words: Swine, selection index, preweaning period, mortality, survival

RESPONSES TO INDEX SELECTION FOR REDUCED BACKFAT THICKNESS AND INCREASED GROWTH RATE IN SWINE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 973-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. McKAY
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Index Selection ◽  
Selection Differential ◽  
Differential Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Daily Gain

Selection resulted in a decrease in probed backfat thickness and a negligible change in postweaning average daily gain. Realized heritabilities in the Yorkshire and Hampshire select lines were 0.41 ± 0.04 and 0.34 ± 0.18, respectively, for probed backfat thickness and 0.38 ± 0.43 and 0.65 ± 0.19, respectively, for postweaning average daily gain. Key words: Swine, selection differential, selection response, backfat, growth rate

Carcass quality characteristics of swine selected for reduced backfat thickness and increased growth rate

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Cliplef ◽  
R. M. McKay
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Growth Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Seven Generations

Selection for reduced backfat thickness and increased growth rate in Yorkshire (eight generations) and Hampshire (seven generations) swine resulted not only in less backfat but carcasses which were longer with higher percentages of dissectible lean in the fresh hams. Selected carcasses also had a higher incidence of more severe loin lean-fat separation and subjectively perceived softness in the subcutaneous fat. Boar carcasses were longer and leaner with smaller loin eye areas compared with gilt carcasses. Key words: Swine, carcass quality, backfat, growth, selection

scholarly journals The Impact of Selection using Residual Average Daily Gain and Marbling EPDs on Growth Performance and Carcass Traits in Angus Steers

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Krause ◽  
E. R. Moore ◽  
J. Duggin ◽  
J. R. Segers ◽  
T. D. Pringle
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Carcass Merit ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Daily Gain

ObjectivesProfitability in the beef industry has narrow margins regulated by revenue from output traits like growth and carcass merit, but profitability is also largely impacted by input expenses like feed costs. Selecting for improvements in feed efficiency during the finishing phase, one of the most feed intensive segments of the industry, can help to mitigate those input costs. This study compared growth performance, feed efficiency, body composition, and carcass characteristics in Angus steers (n = 321) from bulls divergently selected for feed efficiency and marbling.Materials and MethodsAngus sires were selected based on high (10th percentile or better) and low (85th percentile or worse) residual average daily gain (RADG) EPD as well as high (fifth percentile or better) and average (near 50th percentile) marbling (MARB) EPD. These criteria resulted in a 2 × 2 factorial design with four breeding lines: high RADG/high MARB, high RADG/average MARB, low RADG/high MARB, low RADG/average MARB. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedures of SAS with RADG and MARB as main effects. Significance was set at α = 0.05. Generation was also analyzed, where generation one (GEN1) steers were from a selected sire while generation two (GEN2) steers were from a selected sire and a selected dam.ResultsUltrasound and carcass data revealed no differences (P ≥ 0.12) in 12th rib backfat thickness from weaning through slaughter for the RADG EPD groups. Yield grade and dressing percent did not differ (P ≥ 0.56) across RADG or MARB groups. At the beginning and end of the feeding trial, the high RADG (P ≤ 0.02) group had larger ultrasound ribeye area (REA) than the low RADG group. Carcass REA tended (P = 0.08) to be larger in the high versus low RADG steers. During the feedlot trial and through slaughter, body weight was heavier (P ≤ 0.006) for the high versus low RADG steers but did not differ (P ≥ 0.44) across MARB EPD. Feed efficiency measures did not differ (P ≥ 0.32) across RADG or MARB groups apart from the tendency (P = 0.08) for residual feed intake to be lower in the high versus low RADG steers. Marbling scores differed (P ≤ 0.04) across RADG and MARB groups with the low RADG steers and the high MARB steers having improved marbling. The quality grade distribution across MARB EPD revealed that the average MARB steers graded 73% Choice and 25% Prime while the high MARB steers graded 56% and 42%, respectively. Slice shear force did not differ (P ≥ 0.32) across RADG or MARB EPD. Body weights tended (P = 0.06) to be heavier at the start of the feeding trial for GEN1 versus GEN2 steers. Total gain, average daily gain, and feed to gain (F:G) differed by generation (P ≤ 0.007) with increased rates of gain and reduced F:G in the GEN2 versus GEN1 steers. Body weights did not differ (P = 0.72) across GEN at the end of the feeding trial. Backfat thickness at the start and end of the feedlot phase was less (P ≤ 0.03) and marbling score was improved (P = 0.02) in the GEN2 versus GEN1 steers, respectively.ConclusionThese results suggest that selection using RADG EPD has negligible impacts on meat quality; and that progress in selection for efficiency can be achieved while advancing carcass quality and value. Furthermore, continued divergent selection for feed efficiency and marbling has the potential to improve feed efficiency through advancements in the rate of gain, while enhancing carcass merit through marbling.

Visceral organ weights of swine selected for reduced backfat thickness and increased growth rate

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Cliplef ◽  
R. M. McKay
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Visceral Organ ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Seven Generations

Eight generations of Yorkshire swine and seven generations of Hampshire swine, involving a total of 2300 animals of which 1350 were selected for reduced backfat thickness and increased growth rate, had concurrent increases in visceral organ weights (heart, lungs, spleen, liver and kidney). Implications are that this could amount to 0.4 kg less weight per carcass. Key words: Pigs, organs, selection, Yorkshire, Hampshire

scholarly journals Fundamentskriterien als Selektionsmerkmale in Schweinezuchtprogrammen (Kurzmitteilung)

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-618
Author(s):  
J. Krieter ◽  
U. Presuhn
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Pure Breed ◽  
Performance Traits ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract. Title of the paper: Linear scoring System of legs as selection tool in swine breeding programmes (short communication) A linear scoring system was used to describe leg traits of two pure breed lines of a swine breeding program. Seven Traits were defined on a scale of −3 to +3. Standard deviations, min- and max-values indicate a high variation of the traits. The estimated heritabilities ränge from h2 = 0.10 to 0.25. The genetic correlations between performance traits (live daily gain, backfat thickness) and exterior traits are antagonistic. Therefore further selection pressure for better Performance traits should take account selection for leg traits.

Genetic progress in broiler traits – implications for welfare

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 50-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Fleming ◽  
C. Fisher ◽  
J. McAdam
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Rapid Growth Rate ◽  
Fundamental Cause ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health And Mortality

Genetic selection has dramatically increased the growth potential of broilers. A positive correlation exists between growth rate and the occurrence of leg disorders (Sørensen et al., 1999), and rapid growth rate is widely presumed to be a fundamental cause of leg ill-health in the modern broiler. However, it is recognised that the simultaneous improvement of growth rate and reduction in incidence of leg disorders is possible (Sørensen, 1992). The objective of this study was to explore the impact that selection for growth has had on broiler welfare, as measured by leg health and mortality, using data from genetic control strains.

Genetic progress in broiler traits – implications for body composition

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 67-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.C. Fleming ◽  
C. Fisher ◽  
J. McAdam
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Meat Type

Genetic selection has dramatically increased the potential for growth, feed efficiency and yield in meat type broilers. It is a widely held belief that these improvements in genetic potential have produced a broiler that is lower in fat content. However, some recent work has implied that the Modern broiler is actually fatter than its counterpart of 30 years ago (Wang et al., 2004). The objective of this study was to explore the impact that selection for growth rate and yield has had on broiler body composition.

International trade: Research of the reasons for the fall

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Nazarov ◽  
S. S. Lazaryan ◽  
I. V. Nikonov ◽  
A. I. Votinov
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Negative Contribution ◽  
Basic Commodity ◽  
The Impact

The article assesses the impact of various factors on the growth rate of international trade. Many experts interpreted the cross-border flows of goods decline against the backdrop of a growing global economy as an alarming sign that indicates a slowdown in the processes of globalization. To determine the reasons for the dynamics of international trade, the decompositions of its growth rate were carried out and allowed to single out the effect of the dollar exchange rate, the commodities prices and global value chains on the change in the volume of trade. As a result, it was discovered that the most part of the dynamics of international trade is due to fluctuations in the exchange rate of the dollar and prices for basic commodity groups. The negative contribution of trade within global value chains in 2014 was also revealed. During the investigated period (2000—2014), such a picture was observed only in the crisis periods, which may indicate the beginning of structural changes in the world trade.

Narrative, Intertext and Allusion in the Qur'anic Presentation of Job

1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Johns
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Complex Network ◽  
Key Words And Phrases ◽  
Divine Revelation ◽  
Western Tradition ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

Job (Ayyūb) is a byword for patience in the Islamic tradition, notwithstanding only six Qur'anic verses are devoted to him, four in Ṣād (vv.41-4), and two in al-Anbiyā' (vv.83-4), and he is mentioned on only two other occasions, in al-Ancām (v.84) and al-Nisā' (v.163). In relation to the space devoted to him, he could be accounted a ‘lesser’ prophet, nevertheless his significance in the Qur'an is unambiguous. The impact he makes is achieved in a number of ways. One is through the elaborate intertext transmitted from the Companions and Followers, and recorded in the exegetic tradition. Another is the way in which his role and charisma are highlighted by the prophets in whose company he is presented, and the shifting emphases of each of the sūras in which he appears. Yet another is the wider context created by these sūras in which key words and phrases actualize a complex network of echoes and resonances that elicit internal and transsūra associations focusing attention on him from various perspectives. The effectiveness of this presentation of him derives from the linguistic genius of the Qur'an which by this means triggers a vivid encounter with aspects of the rhythm of divine revelation no less direct than that of visual iconography in the Western Tradition.

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