EFFECTS OF UTERINE INFUSION OF NONVIABLE SEMEN, SEMINAL PLASMA OR EGG ALBUMEN PRIOR TO BREEDING ON THE REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY OF GILTS OR SOWS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. GILES ◽  
L. H. THOMPSON ◽  
S. ARKINS ◽  
T. CAMACHO ◽  
P. A. EICHEN
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Egg Albumen

In two different experiments crossbred gilts and(or) sows were used to investigate the effects of uterine exposure (prior to breeding) to nonviable semen (NS), seminal plasma (SP) or egg albumen (EA) on reproductive performance. Treatment solutions were infused via the cervix at estrus in gilts or within 2 d post-partum in sows. Females were artificially inseminated at the subsequent estrus. In the first experiment pregnancy rates for gilts infused with Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS) as controls, NS or EA and subsequently inseminated, were 76, 85 and 54%, respectively, and were not significantly different among treatment groups. The number of total embryos (adjusted for number of corpora lutea) present at 38 d postinsemination was 9.6, 9.0 and 9.6, respectively, for BTS, ND and EA infused gilts and was not significantly different. Likewise, the number of live and dead embryos was not different among treatments. In the second experiment, the proportions of inseminated sows infused with BTS, NS or SP that subsequently farrowed were 87, 84 and 92%, respectively, and did not differ significantly among treatments. No significant differences were detected for the number of total, live or dead pigs born per litter among treatments. We conclude that uterine exposure to seminal proteins or egg albumen prior to breeding does not alter reproductive performance in gilts by 38 d of gestation. Also, the infusion of seminal proteins in sows shortly after parturition does not affect pregnancy rates or litter size at the subsequent farrowing. Key words: Reproductive efficiency, litter size, swine, artificial insemination

scholarly journals The influence of adding estradiol to semen on reproductive performance of sows

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 589-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Kirkwood ◽  
P. A. Thacker
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
And Control ◽  
Estradiol 17Β

One hundred gilts and one hundred mixed-parity sows of Yorkshire and Landrace breeding were inseminated with semen with or without an additional 10 μg estradiol-17β. Pregnancy rates of gilts receiving estradiol-supplemented and control semen were 90 and 79%, respectively (P < 0.09). The estradiol supplementation of semen did not improve the pregnancy rates or litter size in sows. Key words: Swine, artificial insemination, estradiol

The influence of purified porcine relaxin on the reproductive performance of sows following artificial insemination with fresh or frozen semen

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Thacker ◽  
A. D. Gooneratne ◽  
R. N. Kirkwood
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Frozen Semen

Pregnancy rates and litter sizes following insemination of sows with fresh-extended and frozen-thawed semen averaged 71 vs. 53% and 10.6 vs. 4.4, respectively, and was not affected by the addition of 12.5 μg relaxin to semen. These results indicate no relaxin mediated effect on either pregnancy rate or litter size when sows are artificially inseminated with relaxin-supplemented semen. Key words: Artificial insemination, relaxin, sows

82 CRYOPRESERVATION OF BOAR EPIDIDYMAL SPERMATOZOA; ADDITION OF SEMINAL PLASMA TO THAWING SOLUTION IMPROVES REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE BY ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
T. Okazaki ◽  
T. Akiyoshi ◽  
M. Kan ◽  
H. Teshima ◽  
M. Shimada
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Epididymal Sperm ◽  
Epididymal Spermatozoa

Epididymal spermatozoa are one of the available male germ cells for cryopreservation. It has been reported that frozen–thawed porcine epididymal spermatozoa have a high fertilization competence in vitro as compared with that in ejaculated one. However, there is little information about reproductive performance, such as conception rate or litter size, after artificial insemination (AI) using frozen–thawed epididymal spermatozoa. Recently, we demonstrated that the addition of seminal plasma to thawing solution improves membrane and acrosomal integrity, and enhanced both in vivo and in vitro fertilizing activity of frozen–thawed ejaculated spermatozoa. Moreover, the injection of seminal plasma to uterus with frozen–thawed spermatozoa significantly increased the number of implantation site (Okazaki et al. 2009 Theriogenology 71, 491–498). Thus, to apply those positive functions of seminal plasma to AI using frozen–thawed epididymal sperm, in this study, we added seminal plasma to thawing solution and then analysed the sperm functions including AI test using frozen–thawed epididymal spermatozoa. Epididymal spermatozoa collected by flushing caudal epididymis were frozen as described in our previous study (Okazaki et al. 2009). Frozen-spermatozoa were thawed in Modena solution with or without different percentages of seminal plasma. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation as a marker of capacitation was detected by western blotting. To examine the reproductive performance, the sows of natural oestrus were artificially inseminated two times (5 × 109 50 mL–1 per injection). When the frozen–thawed ejaculated or epididymal sperm was incubated up to 6 h, the motility of epididymal sperm was significantly higher than that of ejaculated sperm (19.6 v. 37.6%). However, the acrosomal membrane was damaged in epididymal sperm group at 3-h incubation period (15.2 v. 36.0%). The addition of seminal plasma [0, 10, 15, 20% (v/v)] in Modena solution protected the acrosomal injury (3 h; 35.2, 19.5, 15.6, 14.6%) and maintained high rate of motility (6 h; 38.8, 48.8, 62.5, 60.0%) in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the addition of seminal plasma suppressed the expression of the 15 kDa phosphoprotein (early capacitation status), and the maximum effect was detected at 15% (v/v) seminal plasma. When the frozen–thawed epididymal spermatozoa with 15% (v/v) seminal plasma were artificially inseminated to swine (n = 15), the conception rate and the mean number of litter size were increased as compared with control (93 v. 43%, 10.0 v. 5.0). From these results, we concluded that the addition of seminal plasma to thawing solution was a beneficial method for artificial insemination using frozen–thawed epididymal spermatozoa in the pig. This work was supported by the Programme for Promotion of Basic and Applied Researches for Innovations in Bio-oriented Industry, and JST-Grant (No. 12-068 and No. 12-104).

scholarly journals Oestrus synchronisation in postpartum dairy cows using repetitive prostaglandin doses: Comparison between D-cloprostenol and dinoprost

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Carlos Pérez-Marín ◽  
Jose Sánchez ◽  
Guillermo Vizuete ◽  
Luis Quintela ◽  
Laura Molina
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

This trial evaluated the reproductive performance in an early routine oestrus induction programme using two different PGF2α preparations in dairy cattle. D-cloprostenol sodium (n = 192; Group A) or dinoprost (n = 187; Group B) was administered between days 35 and 42 post partum. Also, a group of non-treated cows (n = 135; Group C) was included as control. Pedometers were used to detect oestrus, and also secondary oestrous signs and vaginal mucus quality were assessed prior to artificial insemination (AI). When oestrus was not detected for 14 days after PGF2α administration, the treatment was repeated, up to a maximum of three times. There were no differences between the study groups in oestrus detection (A = 73.48%, B = 73.01%, C = 79.26%; P = 0.428), good mucus quality (A = 96.45%, B = 91.30%, C = 93.45%; P = 0.203) and the presence of mounting lesions (A = 98.58, B = 94.93%, C = 98.13; P = 0.414). First-service pregnancy rates were 19.78%, 15.64% and 32.03% in Groups A, B and C, respectively (P = 0.003). There were no inter-group differences for the interval from parturition to first AI. However, a significantly shorter interval from parturition to conception (92.17 days, 99.45 days, 118.93 days; P = 0.002) and significantly less services per conception (2.12, 2.18, 2.66; P = 0.003) were observed in Groups A and B in comparison with Group C. The use of PGF2α resulted in better fertility in a repetitive, routine postpartum programme, although no differences between Dcloprostenol and dinoprost were detected.

Post partum suboestrus in dairy cows : comparison of treatment with prostaglandin F2α or GnRH + prostaglandin F2α + GnRH

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Grimard ◽  
G. Laumonnier ◽  
C. Ponsart ◽  
H. Fauxpoint ◽  
E. Barassin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

AbstractTwo studies (expt. 1, 185 cows in 1996/97; expt. 2, 168 cows in 1997/98) were conducted with Prim ‘Holstein dairy cows in the Mayenne region (France) to investigate suboestrus. Cows which had not been observed in oestrus since calving were allocated alternately to treatment groups between 60 and 90 days post partum. Expt. 1. Group 1: GnRH (Day 0, 100 μg im), PGF2α (Day 7, 25 mg im), GnRH (Day 9, 100 μg im) with artificial insemination (AI) Day 10. Group 2 : PGF2α (Day 0, 25 mg im), AI at oestrus or if oestrus not observed a second PGF2α injection was given (Day 13) with AI on Day 16 and Day 17. Expt. 2. Group 1 : GnRH (Day 0, 100 /μg im), PGF2α (Day 7, 25 mg im), GnRH (Day 9, 100 μg im) with AI at observed oestrus after Day 0 or at Day 10 if oestrus not observed. Group 2 : PGF2α (Day 0, 25 mg im), AI at oestrus, or if oestrus was not observed a second PGF2α injection was given (Day 13) and AI at observed oestrus. Progesterone was measured in serum at Day 0 and in milk at AI. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by measuring bovine Pregnancy Specific Protein B (bPSPB) (Day 50 + 3) and confirmed by ultrasonography when the result was doubtful.In expt. 1, farmers observed 47/101 (46.9 %) of group 1 cows in oestrus, 33/91 on Day 10 and 10 before Day 10. The progesterone concentrations were compatible with oestrus in 69/86 (80%) of cows on Day 10. In group 2, 36/83 (43.4 %) of cows were inseminated after the first PGF2α injection. After the second PGF2 α, only 29/43 (67 %) of cows had a low progesterone concentration at AI. The pregnancy rates were 36.1% and 32.5 % for groups 1 and 2, respectively. In expt. 2, oestrus was observed in 31/93 (33.7 %) of group 1 cows. In group 2, 51/75 (66 %) of cows were inseminated after the first injection of PGF2α, 13/75 (17.3 %) after the second and 11/75 (14.7 %) were not seen in oestrus. Pregnancy rates were 53.7% and 53.3% in groups 1 and 2, respectively. In conclusion, it is recommended that suboestrus be treated with PGF2α followed by AI at observed oestrus when oestrus detection is good while, the use of GnRH + PGF2α + GnRH is recommended when oestrus detection is poor.

scholarly journals Effects on Synchronization and Reproductive Efficiency of Delaying the Removal of the Intravaginal Progesterone Device by 24 h in the 5d Co-synch Protocol in Heifers

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 849
Author(s):  
Aitor Fernandez-Novo ◽  
Sergio Santos-Lopez ◽  
Jose Luis Pesantez-Pacheco ◽  
Natividad Pérez-Villalobos ◽  
Ana Heras-Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Animal Management ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Beef Herds ◽  
Farm Economics

In beef herds, increasing animal welfare, improving reproductive performance and easing animal management are key goals in farm economics. We explored whether delaying the removal of the intravaginal progesterone device by 24 h in heifers synchronized with a 5d Co-synch 72-h protocol could improve reproductive efficiency of fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). In experiment 1, we examined the total synchronization rate (TSR) in cycling Holstein heifers. Heifers (13.4 ± 0.69 mo.) were randomly assigned to the standard 5d Co-synch 56-h protocol (5dCo56; n = 10), 5d Co-synch 72-h (5dCo72; n = 17), or the modified 5d Co-synch 72-h protocol, in which removal of the progesterone device was delayed by 24 h (6dCo48; n = 19). In experiment 2, 309 cycling beef heifers on 18 commercial farms were subjected to the 5d Co-synch 72-h or 6-d Co-synch 48-h protocol and conception rate (CR) studied. In experiment 1, the three protocols led no differences on TSRs of 80.0% (5dCo56), 88.2% (5dCo72), and 89.5% (6dCo48). In experiment 2, the CR from the beef heifers, observed during two consecutive reproductive seasons did not differ: 59.7% for 5dCo72 and 62.0% for 6dCo48 (p = 0.907). Therefore, delaying removal by 24 h provides satisfactory results without reducing reproductive efficiency of heifers.

Cooled semen for fixed-time artificial insemination in beef cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana C. Borges-Silva ◽  
Márcio R. Silva ◽  
Daniel B. Marinho ◽  
Eriklis Nogueira ◽  
Deiler C. Sampaio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Sperm Abnormalities ◽  
Hypoosmotic Swelling Test ◽  
Interesting Approach

This study evaluated the use of cooled semen in a fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) program compared with frozen–thawed semen to improve pregnancy rates in beef cattle. Ejaculates of three bulls were collected and divided into two treatments: (1) frozen–thawed semen and (2) cooled semen. Egg-yolk extender without glycerol was used for the cooled semen treatment. Straws (25 × 106 spermatozoa) were submitted to cooling for preservation at 5°C for 24 h, after which FTAI was performed. Nelore cows (n = 838) submitted to FTAI were randomly inseminated using frozen–thawed semen or cooled semen. There was a 20% increase in the pregnancy per AI (P AI–1) using cooled semen compared with frozen–thawed semen (59.9 ± 4.7 vs 49.4 ± 5.0%; P < 0.005). There was no difference in P AI–1 among the bulls (P = 0.40). The frozen–thawed semen had fewer functional spermatozoa than did the cooled semen when evaluated by sperm motility (61.7 vs 81.0%), slow thermoresistance test (41.7 vs 66.7%) and hypoosmotic swelling test (38.3 vs 53.7%; P < 0.05). The percentage of sperm abnormalities did not differ between the freeze–thawing and cooling processes (18.6 vs 22.1%; P > 0.05). Because there was less damage to spermatozoa and improvement in P AI–1, the use of cooled semen instead of frozen–thawed semen is an interesting approach to increase reproductive efficiency in cattle submitted to a FTAI protocol.

Estrous synchronization and fertility of cross-bred dairy cows using prostaglandin F2α and gonadotropin releasing hormone

2021 ◽  
pp. 171-175
Author(s):  
Abubakr O. Ismail ◽  
◽  
Erneo B. Ochi ◽  
Ambrose S. Jubara ◽  
Bakri Ahmed A/Rahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Estrous Synchronization ◽  
Descriptive Statistical Analysis

A comparative hormonal study of prostaglandin, gonadotropin releasing hormone and their combination was conducted on 30 randomly selected cross-bred dairy cows of SEMEX project for artificial insemination in Hillat Kuku, Khartoum North, Sudan. The study attempts to determine the response of the animals to hormonal induction and synchronization of estrous as well as fertility following fixed time artificial insemination. Three treatment groups of 10 cows each were undertaken. Groups 1, 2 and 3 involved administration of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and a combination of PGF2α + GnRH, respectively. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed. The results revealed that all the three protocols induced and synchronized estrous were almost synchronous in all the treated groups. However, protocol 3 revealed a significantly (p<0.05) better result of 70% pregnancy rate compared to other two protocols that equally provided 50% pregnancy rates. The study resolves that protocol 3 be highly recommended to change the mindset of farmers about the spread of reproductive technology in Sudan. Protocols 1 and 2 provided acceptable pregnancy rates that can be enhanced with the improvement of management.

COMPARISON OF ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION AND NATURAL MATING ON REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF FIVE STRAINS OF SHEEP DURING THE ANESTROUS SEASON IN AN INTENSIVE SYSTEM

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. HACKETT ◽  
H. A. ROBERTSON ◽  
E. K. INSKEEP ◽  
J. N. B. SHRESTHA ◽  
M. S. WOLYNETZ
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Natural Mating ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Mating Method ◽  
Intensive System

Synchronized estrus and ovulation were induced during the anestrous season (April–May 1974) in 373 ewes of three synthetic (one sire and two dam) strains and two unselected (Suffolk and Finnish Landrace) purebred strains by treatment with 30 mg fluorogestone acetate (FGA) impregnated in polyurethane intravaginal sponges for 12 days. Following sponge removal each ewe received 500 IU pregnant mares’ serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) IM. Of these, 167 were bred by artificial insemination (AI) at 48 and 60 h post sponge removal with 0.2 ml raw unextended semen collected by electroejaculation (EE). Five days after AI, ewes were exposed to a follow up ram for 16 days for subsequent mating if a second estrus occurred. The remaining 206 were exposed to rams for a period of 22 days for natural mating. Blood samples were collected from 69 ewes, 9, 19 and 27 days post sponge removal and analyzed for progesterone to ascertain if corpora lutea were formed and whether the ewes recycled. The age of ram by mating method interaction significantly affected both fertility and fecundity mainly because some of the younger rams lacked libido and experience for natural mating. There were no significant differences in prolificacy due to any of the main effects tested. Among the 69 ewes examined for progesterone levels, 93% had formed corpora lutea after hormone treatment and 16% recycled. Only 16 of the 255 ewes that did not conceive to the synchronized estrus lambed to the subsequent estrus.

The effect of level of nutrition prior to mating on the reproductive performance of ewes of two welsh breeds in different levels of body condition

1991 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Gunn ◽  
T. J. Maxwell ◽  
D. A. Sim ◽  
J. R. Jones ◽  
M. E. James
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Body Condition Scores

ABSTRACTThe effects of high-low (HL) and low-high (LH) patterns of nutrition during the 5 weeks prior to a synchronized mating were studied on the reproductive performance of 115 Welsh Mountain and 114 Brecknock Cheviot ewes in a range of body condition at the start of treatment. For 2 months prior to treatment imposition, ewes were grazed in a systematic way at different stocking rates on different sward heights to obtain a range of body condition scores. Target score groupings were 2·00 to 2·25, 2·50 to 2·75 and 3·00 to 3·25 and although scores of 1·50 to 3·25 were obtained, most lay in the 2·00 to 2·75 range. Two treatment groups, balanced for live weight and body condition score, received high and low levels of nutrition for 16 days from mid October, achieved, respectively, by a low stocking rate on a sward with a high surface height plus ad libitum concentrate and a high stocking rate on a sward with a low surface height plus 200 g hay per head per day. Treatments were then reversed for the 17 days prior to mating. Live-weight and body condition-score changes were recorded and reproductive performance at first mating was measured from counts of corpora lutea and viable embryos at slaughter either at return to service or at 4 weeks after first mating. There were no differences due to nutritional pattern in live weight or body condition score at mating. The LH treatment significantly increased the rates of ovulation, conception, multiple ova survival and potential lambing per ewe pregnant and per ewe mated in the Welsh Mountain breed but significantly increased only the rates of ovulation and potential lambing per ewe pregnant in the Brecknock Cheviot breed compared with the HL treatment. The relatively poorer response in the latter breed was partially due to a lower ovulation rate potential coupled with non-significantly lower rates of conception and survival of single-shed ova associated with the LH treatment. Much of this relatively poorer reproductive performance in the Brecknock Cheviot breed was in ewes with body condition scores 3= 2·75. Reproductive performance increased with increasing body condition at the start of treatment over the range of scores =≤ 2·25 to 2·50 in both breeds and, while continuing to improve in scores above 2·50 in the Welsh Mountain breed, in the Brecknock Cheviot breed it started to decline. Ewes with a body condition score of 2·50 in both breeds showed the greatest response in potential lambing rate to the LH treatment.

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