A SURVEY OF MATERNAL COPPER STATUS AND FETAL TISSUE COPPER CONCENTRATIONS IN SASKATCHEWAN BOVINE

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. GOONERATNE ◽  
D. A. CHRISTENSEN
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Fetal Tissue ◽  
Fetal Kidney ◽  
Copper Status ◽  
Maternal Liver ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Cu Nutrition

Copper (Cu) status of cattle raised in different soil zones of Saskatchewan was examined with emphasis on the relation between liver Cu concentration in pregnant cows, stage of pregnancy and fetal liver Cu status. Whole fetuses and livers from adult animals were obtained during routine slaughter operation at a local packing plant. Twenty percent of steers, 54% of pregnant cows, 52% of heifers and 77% of nonpregnant cows had liver Cu levels less than 25 mg kg−1 dry matter (DM). Hypocuprosis was most marked in cattle originating from northern regions of Saskatchewan. Fetal liver Cu concentration depended on the dam liver Cu concentration and on stage of pregnancy and could be represented as: Fetal liver Cu concentration (mg kg−1 DM) = 217.5 + 0.023 [(age of fetus (days) × dam liver Cu concentraiton (mg kg−1 DM)]. During gestation the level of Cu progressively increased in the fetal liver and decreased in maternal liver. Liver Cu levels of fetuses from dams with liver Cu greater than 25 mg kg−1 DM were higher (P < 0.05) than those in fetuses from dams with liver Cu levels lower than 25 mg kg−1 DM. Dam liver Cu status did not influence fetal liver, kidney, heart and brain weights or the Cu concentration of fetal kidney, heart or brain. The magnitude of hypocuprosis in cattle in Saskatchewan is extensive and emphasizes the importance of adequate Cu nutrition in pregnant cattle with respect to maintaining acceptable fetal Cu status. Key words: Copper deficiency, Saskatchewan, soil zones, cattle, pregnancy, fetus

scholarly journals Effect of dietary copper deficiency on iron metabolism in the pregnant rat

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henriette S. Andersen ◽  
Lorraine Gambling ◽  
Grietje Holtrop ◽  
Harry J. McArdle
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Fetal Tissue ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Fe Deficiency ◽  
Divalent Metal Transporter 1 ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Divalent Metal Transporter ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Maternal Liver ◽  
P Type

Cu and Fe metabolism are known to be linked, but the interactions during pregnancy are less well studied. In the present study we used rats to examine the effect of Cu deficiency during pregnancy on Fe and Cu levels in maternal and fetal tissue and on the gene expression profile of proteins involved in Cu and Fe metabolism in the placenta. Rats were fed diets with different Cu contents before and during pregnancy. Samples were collected on day 21 of gestation. Cu levels, ceruloplasmin activity and serum Fe all decreased in maternal serum of Cu-deficient animals. Maternal liver Fe inversely correlated with liver Cu. Placental Cu levels decreased with no change in Fe. Fe and Cu levels both decreased in the fetal liver. The drop in maternal liver Cu was significantly correlated with a decrease in organ weight of fetal liver, lung and kidney. No changes were observed in mRNA expression of Cu transporter 1, Menkes P-type Cu-ATPase 7A, Wilson P-type Cu-ATPase 7B, cytochrome-c oxidase, and Cu chaperone Atox1 in the placenta of Cu-deficient dams. Transferrin receptor 1 and the Fe-responsive element (IRE)-regulated divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) were up regulated; while ferroportin and non-IRE1-regulated DMT1 levels did not change. These data show that Cu deficiency during pregnancy not only has a direct effect on Fe levels but also regulates the expression of Fe transporters. The pattern closely mirrors that seen in Fe deficiency, suggesting that the changes are a consequence of the decrease in serum Fe, implying that the developing fetus not only suffers from Cu, but also from Fe deficiency.

EFFECT OF LIMING ON THE YIELD, NUTRITION AND COPPER STATUS OF POTATOES, CARROTS AND ONIONS GROWN SEQUENTIALLY IN TWO PEAT SOILS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. MATHUR ◽  
M. P. LEVESQUE
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Copper Status ◽  
High Soil ◽  
And Copper Status

In a greenhouse study, two Mesisols, a woody and a sedge peat, were enriched with calcitic agricultural limestone at rates of 0.5–30 t/ha to increase their pH from 3.0 to 5.8. The general fertilization included 50 ppm (20 kg/ha) of Cu (wt/wt). Maximum yields of potatoes were obtained at a soil pH of 3.4–3.6 (4–6 t lime/ha rate) but harvest index of potato tubers (mass of tubers as percent of total dry matter produced) indicated that the 10-t/ha rate would be more suitable. The Cu concentration of potato leaves and tubers did not exceed 16 ppm, and was thus less than phytotoxic level (20 or 30 ppm), even at soil pH lower than 3.4. After further addition of other fertilizers and 25 ppm of Cu, carrots gave maximum yields at the 30-t/ha rate. Copper concentrations in carrot tops and roots were below 16 ppm even at the 10-t-lime/ha rate (soil pH 3.8 or 4.0). Onions, grown after repetition of the fertilization for carrots, gave highest yield, particularly of bulbs, at the 30-t-lime/ha rate but this corresponded to an undesirably high soil pH of 5.7 or 5.8. The Cu concentration in bulbs exceeded 16 ppm only when yields were unacceptably low at the 6-t/ha and lower rates of liming. In all crops, Cu concentrations generally decreased sharply as soil pH rose above 4.0. The Ca:Mg ratio in plants usually increased with liming but, within the range observed here, did not closely parallel increases in yield. Plant concentrations of N, P and K generally decreased with liming at the highest rates (20 or 30 t/ha). Key words: Liming, peat, potatoes, onions, carrots, copper

Enzymic diagnosis of copper deficiency in subterranean clover. I. Relationship of ascorbate oxidase activity in leaves to plant copper status

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 967 ◽  
Author(s):  
JF Loneragan ◽  
E Delhaize ◽  
J Webb
Keyword(s):  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Ascorbate Oxidase ◽  
Copper Level ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Copper Status ◽  
Relationship Of

Ascorbate oxidase activity in leaf blades of various ages was examined in relation to copper supply to subterranean clover cv. Seaton Park grown in the glasshouse on a copper-deficient sand. At each copper level, ascorbate oxidase activity per g fresh weight was highest in the youngest leaf blades and declined steeply with age; activity per leaf remained relatively constant with leaf age. On either basis, and in leaf blades of each age category, ascorbate oxidase activity followed copper level. The activity per young folded leaf (YFL) was chosen as the most suitable criterion for a diagnostic test of copper deficiency. Ascorbate oxidase activity per YFL correlated closely with the response to copper of the dry matter yield of plant tops. Activity per YFL also correlated closely with copper concentrations in the youngest open leaf (YOL). These correlations held for Seaton Park subterranean clover when nitrogen was supplied either as NH4NO3 or by symbiotic fixation. Ascorbate oxidase activity in YFL of Mt Barker subterranean clover grown at varying copper levels in the field also correlated closely with YOL copper concentrations in the same plants. Moreover, subterranean clover plants deficient in any one of six other nutrients (nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, potassium, manganese, zinc) all had ascorbate oxidase activities above the suggested critical value for adequate copper supply. It is suggested that ascorbate oxidase activity in YFL can be used as a specific and sensitive test for the copper status of subterranean clover, with activities of = 50 nmol O2/min per leaf indicating deficiency, = 100 indicating sufficiency, and 50-100 indicating a marginal copper supply.

A SURVEY OF MATERNAL AND FETAL TISSUE ZINC, IRON, MANGANESE AND SELENIUM CONCENTRATIONS IN BOVINE

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. GOONERATNE ◽  
D. A. CHRISTENSEN
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Fetal Tissue ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Fetal Tissues ◽  
Fe And Mn ◽  
Bovine Fetuses ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Mn Concentrations

Whole bovine fetuses and liver and kidney from corresponding dams, from nonpregnant cows, from heifers, and from steers were collected during routine slaughter operation at a local packing plant in Saskatoon. Fetal liver, kidney, heart and brain, and liver and kidney from adult cattle were analyzed for Zn, Fe, and in some cases for Mn and Se. Pregnancy did not significantly alter the dam liver Zn, Fe, and Mn concentrations. Fetal liver Zn, Fe and Se concentrations were several-fold higher and Mn concentrations lower than those in liver from corresponding dams. Liver Se concentrations were significantly lower in the nonpregnant cows, of which 34% originated from gray black and muskeg soils in Saskatchewan. Liver Se concentrations of fetuses and pregnant cows originating from muskeg and gray (wooded) soils were significantly lower than those from other areas of Saskatchewan. Correlations between Zn, Fe, Mn, Se and Cu between and within dam and fetal tissues were low, except for dam and fetal liver Se concentration (r = 0.65). Possible interactions between these micronutrients in both the dam and fetus and sources of biases which occur in this type of a survey are discussed. Key words: Zinc, iron, maganese, selenium, cattle, pregnancy

HIGH MOISTURE GROUND EAR CORN, HIGH MOISTURE BARLEY OR SODIUM HYDROXIDE TREATED BARLEY FOR LACTATING COWS: MILK PRODUCTION AND RATION UTILIZATION

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. KUNG Jr. ◽  
B. W. JESSE ◽  
J. W. THOMAS ◽  
J. T. HUBER ◽  
R. S. EMERY
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Fecal Ph

Whole barley was treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in laboratory trials. Dry matter disappearance from nylon bags in the rumen of whole barley treated with 2.5, 3.5, or 4.9% NaOH for 30 h was 59.6, 72.4, and 93.0%, respectively, compared with 82.2% for untreated ground barley. In a subsequent lactation trial, 24 Holstein cows (eight per treatment) were fed high moisture ground ear corn, high moisture rolled barley or high moisture whole barley treated with 3.5% NaOH. Milk persistencies tended to be greater for cows fed high moisture rolled barley, next for ground ear corn and least for NaOH-treated barley. Milk composition was similar for all treatments. Dry matter intake was greatest for cows fed ground ear corn and lower for those fed the barley diets. Alpha-linked glucose and pH of feces were similar for cows fed ground ear corn and high moisture rolled barley diets, but fecal pH was lower and alpha-linked glucose concentrations three times greater for NaOH-treated barley. Digestibility percents of dry matter, acid detergent fiber and nitrogen were 61.4, 25.3, 64.7 for ground ear corn; 64.4, 38.0, 67.1 for high moisture rolled barley; and 56.8, 43.2, 54.8 for NaOH-treated barley, respectively. Rumen grain turnover estimated by excretion of ytterbium in feces was greatest for NaOH-treated barley (9.09%/h), intermediate for ground ear corn (6.10%/h) and lowest for high moisture rolled barley (4.93%/h). Key words: Dairy, sodium hydroxide, high moisture grains

ESSENTIAL METAL CONTENTS IN THE LIVER OF DTPA-TREATED PREGNANT MICE AND THEIR FETUSES

1997 ◽  
Vol 07 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. SATO ◽  
N. MATSUSAKA ◽  
T. SUZUKI ◽  
H. KOBAYASHI ◽  
K. SERA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Essential Metals ◽  
Detectable Amount ◽  
Essential Metal ◽  
Final Injection ◽  
Maternal Liver ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Pregnant Mice

Ca -DTPA or Zn -DTPA was injected subcutaneously to pregnant mice once a day for 5 consecutive days from the 13th day to the 17th day of gestation. Maternal and fetal livers were collected 20 hours after the final injection of DTPA, and essential metal contents in the liver samples were determined by PIXE. Both Ca -DTPA and Zn -DTPA don't affect any essential metals in the maternal liver, but Ca -DTPA decreases copper and zinc contents in the fetal liver to 2/3 and 1/2 of the control values, respectively. Although Zn -DTPA does not affect fetal zinc content, it decreases that of copper. It could not be determined whether DTPA affects fetal manganese content or not because the fetal liver contains no detectable amount of manganese.

EVALUATION OF TIMOTHY CULTIVARS FOR VOLUNTARY INTAKE AND NUTRIENT COMPONENTS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1121-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. N. MASON ◽  
P. M. FLIPOT
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Flower Stage ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Five timothy (Phleum pratense L.) cultivars, Clair, Champ, Milton, Climax and Bounty, were harvested at first flower stage during 2 consecutive years and in the regrowth for 1 yr. The forages were each offered as hay to 15 young rams to evaluate voluntary intake. Five animals were used to determine initial harvest dry matter digestibility. The cultivars varied significantly in voluntary intake at first flower stage. The highest intake (g kg−0.75 d−1) averaged for the years was obtained in the early cultivar Champ (65.9), which was 10% more than that of the medium-late cultivar Climax. The cultivars did not differ significantly in dry matter digestibility. In the regrowth, the relative intakes of the cultivars were essentially reversed from that of the initial harvest. The voluntary intake was substantially higher but the differences among forages were less marked. Climax regrowth voluntary intake was higher (P < 0.05) than all cultivars, except Bounty. A 15% range in digestible dry matter intake was present among cultivars. The ranking of the culivars for digestible dry matter was different than for dry matter yield. Key words: Timothy, Phleum pratense L., voluntary intake, dry matter digestibility

scholarly journals Nanopolystyrene translocation and fetal deposition after acute lung exposure during late-stage pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara B Fournier ◽  
Jeanine N D’Errico ◽  
Derek S Adler ◽  
Stamatina Kollontzi ◽  
Michael J Goedken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Stage ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Intratracheal Instillation ◽  
Fetal Tissue ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Placental Perfusion ◽  
Fetal Tissues ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Plastic is everywhere. It is used in food packaging, storage containers, electronics, furniture, clothing, and common single-use disposable items. Microplastic and nanoplastic particulates are formed from bulk fragmentation and disintegration of plastic pollution. Plastic particulates have recently been detected in indoor air and remote atmospheric fallout. Due to their small size, microplastic and nanoplastic particulate in the atmosphere can be inhaled and may pose a risk for human health, specifically in susceptible populations. When inhaled, nanosized particles have been shown to translocate across pulmonary cell barriers to secondary organs, including the placenta. However, the potential for maternal-to-fetal translocation of nanosized-plastic particles and the impact of nanoplastic deposition or accumulation on fetal health remain unknown. In this study we investigated whether nanopolystyrene particles can cross the placental barrier and deposit in fetal tissues after maternal pulmonary exposure.Results: Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to 20 nm rhodamine-labeled nanopolystyrene beads (2.64 x 1014 particles) via intratracheal instillation on gestational day (GD) 19. Twenty-four hours later on GD 20, maternal and fetal tissues were evaluated using fluorescent optical imaging. Fetal tissues were fixed for particle visualization with hyperspectral microscopy. Using isolated placental perfusion, a known concentration of nanopolystyrene was injected into the uterine artery. Maternal and fetal effluents were collected for 180 minutes and assessed for polystyrene particle concentration. Twenty-four hours after maternal exposure, fetal and placental weights were significantly lower (7% and 8%, respectively) compared with controls. Nanopolystyrene particles were detected in the maternal lung, heart, and spleen. Polystyrene nanoparticles were also observed in the placenta, fetal liver, lungs, heart, kidney, and brain suggesting maternal lung-to-fetal tissue nanoparticle translocation in late stage pregnancy.Conclusion: These studies confirm that maternal pulmonary exposure to nanopolystyrene results in the translocation of plastic particles to placental and fetal tissues and renders the fetoplacental unit vulnerable to adverse effects. These data are vital to the understanding of plastic particulate toxicology and the developmental origins of health and disease.

PERFORMANCE OF HEREFORD × SHORTHORN BULLS AND STEERS RAISED IN NORTHERN ONTARIO AND FED DIFFERENT LEVELS OF GRASS SILAGE AND HIGH MOISTURE BARLEY

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. VEIRA ◽  
A. FORTIN ◽  
M. IVAN ◽  
G. BUTLER ◽  
J. G. PROULX
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Ultrasound Measurement ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Consistent Effect ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Different Levels

Over a 2-yr period, 44 bulls and 44 implanted steers of Hereford × Shorthorn breeding were fed, from weaning to slaughter, diets of grass silage with 0, 0.45, 0.9 or 1.35 kg barley dry matter (DM)/100 kg liveweight. Each animal was slaughtered when it had 8 mm of fat over the loin as determined by ultrasound measurement. As the level of barley in the diet increased the rate of gain increased (P < 0.01), as did DM intake (P < 0.05) while feed required per kilogram gained and days on feed decreased. Bulls and steers responded in a similar manner to the different diets. Bulls gained faster (P < 0.01) on similar intakes of DM with the result that feed required for kilogram gain was less for bulls (P < 0.05). There was no difference (P > 0.05) in days to market for bulls and steers. There was no consistent effect of diet on carcass characteristics. However, castration resulted in lighter (P < 0.01) slaughter and carcass weights as well as a smaller (P < 0.01) rib eye area. Key words: Cattle, castration, diet, growth, carcass

Comparative characteristics during wilting for alfalfa conditioned by maceration or by a conventional roller-conditioner

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suwarno Suwarno ◽  
K. M. Wittenberg ◽  
W. P. McCaughey
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Nutrient Profile ◽  
Conditioning Treatment ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

A study was conducted to monitor nutrient and microbial count changes during wilting of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in response to varying degrees of maceration at mowing. Early bloom alfalfa was mowed with either a roller-conditioner (CONV) or a macerator set to deliver four degrees of maceration during alfalfa mowing: LIGHT, LIGHT+, SEVERE, and SEVERE+. Macerated alfalfa reached 80% dry matter in 9–11 h compared with alfalfa mowed by roller-conditioner, which required 54 h. The most rapid wilting rates were associated with LIGHT+, SEVERE, and SEVERE+ maceration treatments when alfalfa was not exposed to precipitation. The wilting coefficient in the first 24 h was increased by more than 100% for the SEVERE treatment compared with alfalfa mowed using a conventional roller-conditioner in alfalfa that was not exposed to precipitation. Precipitation at 1.5 h post-mowing increased wilting time by 8.3 h to achieve 45% DM, and by 17.5 to achieve 80% DM in the SEVERE+ maceration treatment relative to alfalfa from the same conditioning treatment that was not exposed to precipitation. Precipitation at 24 h post-mowing increased wilting time to reach 80% DM by 11 h and 21 h for the LIGHT and LIGHT+ maceration treatments relative to alfalfa of the same mowing treatments not exposed to precipitation. Maceration of alfalfa resulted in a 24.2 to 26.8 h shorter wilting time relative to the conventional roller-conditioner treatment when alfalfa was exposed to precipitation at 24 h post-mowing. SEVERE and SEVERE+ maceration treatments at mowing resulted in higher (P < 0.05) neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre levels post-wilting. Lactic acid bacteria populations on alfalfa tended to be higher with maceration within 1 h post-mowing (P < 0.10) and post-wilting (P < 0.08). Key words: Alfalfa, maceration, precipitation, wilting time, bacteria, nutrient profile, compressibility

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