A SURVEY OF MATERNAL AND FETAL TISSUE ZINC, IRON, MANGANESE AND SELENIUM CONCENTRATIONS IN BOVINE

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. GOONERATNE ◽  
D. A. CHRISTENSEN
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Fetal Tissue ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Fetal Tissues ◽  
Fe And Mn ◽  
Bovine Fetuses ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Mn Concentrations

Whole bovine fetuses and liver and kidney from corresponding dams, from nonpregnant cows, from heifers, and from steers were collected during routine slaughter operation at a local packing plant in Saskatoon. Fetal liver, kidney, heart and brain, and liver and kidney from adult cattle were analyzed for Zn, Fe, and in some cases for Mn and Se. Pregnancy did not significantly alter the dam liver Zn, Fe, and Mn concentrations. Fetal liver Zn, Fe and Se concentrations were several-fold higher and Mn concentrations lower than those in liver from corresponding dams. Liver Se concentrations were significantly lower in the nonpregnant cows, of which 34% originated from gray black and muskeg soils in Saskatchewan. Liver Se concentrations of fetuses and pregnant cows originating from muskeg and gray (wooded) soils were significantly lower than those from other areas of Saskatchewan. Correlations between Zn, Fe, Mn, Se and Cu between and within dam and fetal tissues were low, except for dam and fetal liver Se concentration (r = 0.65). Possible interactions between these micronutrients in both the dam and fetus and sources of biases which occur in this type of a survey are discussed. Key words: Zinc, iron, maganese, selenium, cattle, pregnancy

scholarly journals Nanopolystyrene translocation and fetal deposition after acute lung exposure during late-stage pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara B Fournier ◽  
Jeanine N D’Errico ◽  
Derek S Adler ◽  
Stamatina Kollontzi ◽  
Michael J Goedken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Stage ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Intratracheal Instillation ◽  
Fetal Tissue ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Placental Perfusion ◽  
Fetal Tissues ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Plastic is everywhere. It is used in food packaging, storage containers, electronics, furniture, clothing, and common single-use disposable items. Microplastic and nanoplastic particulates are formed from bulk fragmentation and disintegration of plastic pollution. Plastic particulates have recently been detected in indoor air and remote atmospheric fallout. Due to their small size, microplastic and nanoplastic particulate in the atmosphere can be inhaled and may pose a risk for human health, specifically in susceptible populations. When inhaled, nanosized particles have been shown to translocate across pulmonary cell barriers to secondary organs, including the placenta. However, the potential for maternal-to-fetal translocation of nanosized-plastic particles and the impact of nanoplastic deposition or accumulation on fetal health remain unknown. In this study we investigated whether nanopolystyrene particles can cross the placental barrier and deposit in fetal tissues after maternal pulmonary exposure.Results: Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to 20 nm rhodamine-labeled nanopolystyrene beads (2.64 x 1014 particles) via intratracheal instillation on gestational day (GD) 19. Twenty-four hours later on GD 20, maternal and fetal tissues were evaluated using fluorescent optical imaging. Fetal tissues were fixed for particle visualization with hyperspectral microscopy. Using isolated placental perfusion, a known concentration of nanopolystyrene was injected into the uterine artery. Maternal and fetal effluents were collected for 180 minutes and assessed for polystyrene particle concentration. Twenty-four hours after maternal exposure, fetal and placental weights were significantly lower (7% and 8%, respectively) compared with controls. Nanopolystyrene particles were detected in the maternal lung, heart, and spleen. Polystyrene nanoparticles were also observed in the placenta, fetal liver, lungs, heart, kidney, and brain suggesting maternal lung-to-fetal tissue nanoparticle translocation in late stage pregnancy.Conclusion: These studies confirm that maternal pulmonary exposure to nanopolystyrene results in the translocation of plastic particles to placental and fetal tissues and renders the fetoplacental unit vulnerable to adverse effects. These data are vital to the understanding of plastic particulate toxicology and the developmental origins of health and disease.

MICROSCOPY AND ELECTRON MICROPROBE ANALYSIS OF SOME IRON–MANGANESE PANS FROM NEWFOUNDLAND

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. BREWER ◽  
R. PROTZ ◽  
J. A. McKEAGUE
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Electron Microprobe Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Fe And Mn ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Mn Concentrations

A number of thin iron–manganese pans from soils with peaty surface horizons have been examined with a light microscope and electron microprobe analyzer. The results show that: (1) concentrations of Fe and Mn (as oxides, hydroxides, or both) occur distinctly separated from each other even where closely associated, i.e., every unit analyzed was dominantly either Mn or Fe with little contamination by the other; (2) Mn concentrations always increase in proportion to Fe with increasing depth in the pans; generally Mn concentrations underlie Fe concentrations; (3) at least in these pans, the various kinds of Fe and Mn concentrations can be distinguished optically by using both transmitted and reflected light characteristics.

scholarly journals Effect of fulvic and humic acids on iron and manganese homeostasis in rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
József Szabó ◽  
András Valentin Vucskits ◽  
Erzsébet Berta ◽  
Emese Andrásofszky ◽  
András Bersényi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Content ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
Iron Level ◽  
Dietary Iron ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Fe And Mn ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Mn Concentration ◽  
Mn Concentrations

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of fulvic acid (FA) and humic acid (HA) as the two main compounds of humic substances, separately on Fe and Mn homeostasis. Seventy-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 9 experimental groups. The control diet (AIN-93G formula) and diets supplemented with 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.8% HA or FA were fed for 26 days. Fe and Mn concentrations of the large intestinal content, liver, kidney, femur and hair were determined. No significant differences were observed in the production parameters. The effects of FA and HA on iron homeostasis were significantly different. FA proved to be a good iron source, and slightly increased the iron content of liver and kidney, but — up to a dietary iron level of 52.7 mg/kg — it did not influence the efficiency of iron absorption. Above a dietary iron level of 52.7 mg/kg down-regulation of Fe absorption can be assumed. HA significantly stimulated the iron uptake and there was no down-regulation of Fe absorption up to 0.8% dietary HA supplementation level (61.5 mg Fe/kg diet). In the HA groups the iron content of the liver and kidney decreased significantly, suggesting that in spite of the better Fe absorption, the HA—Fe complex does not provide iron to the investigated organs. Neither FA nor HA supplementation influenced the Fe content of the femur and hair and slightly decreased the Mn concentration in the large intestinal content. This effect was significant (with a 22.7% Mn concentration decrease) only at the HA supplementation rate of 0.8%. Neither FA nor HA influenced significantly the Mn concentrations of the liver, kidney and femur. The Mn concentration of the hair in rats receiving FA- or HA-supplemented diets was higher than in the control rats; however, this result needs further confirmation.

scholarly journals Nanopolystyrene translocation and fetal deposition after acute lung exposure during late-stage pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara B Fournier ◽  
Jeanine N D’Errico ◽  
Derek S Adler ◽  
Stamatina Kollontzi ◽  
Michael J Goedken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Stage ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Intratracheal Instillation ◽  
Fetal Tissue ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Placental Perfusion ◽  
Fetal Tissues ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Plastic is everywhere. It is used in food packaging, storage containers, electronics, furniture, clothing, and common single-use disposable items. Microplastic and nanoplastic particulates are formed from bulk fragmentation and disintegration of plastic pollution. Plastic particulates have recently been detected in indoor air and remote atmospheric fallout. Due to their small size, microplastic and nanoplastic particulate in the atmosphere can be inhaled and may pose a risk for human health, specifically in susceptible populations. When inhaled, nanosized particles have been shown to translocate across pulmonary cell barriers to secondary organs, including the placenta. However, the potential for maternal-to-fetal translocation of nanosized-plastic particles and the impact of nanoplastic deposition or accumulation on fetal health remain unknown. In this study we investigated whether nanopolystyrene particles can cross the placental barrier and deposit in fetal tissues after maternal pulmonary exposure.Results: Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to 20 nm rhodamine-labeled nanopolystyrene beads (2.64 x 1014 particles) via intratracheal instillation on gestational day (GD) 19. Twenty-four hours later on GD 20, maternal and fetal tissues were evaluated using fluorescent optical imaging. Fetal tissues were fixed for particle visualization with hyperspectral microscopy. Using isolated placental perfusion, a known concentration of nanopolystyrene was injected into the uterine artery. Maternal and fetal effluents were collected for 180 minutes and assessed for polystyrene particle concentration. Twenty-four hours after maternal exposure, fetal and placental weights were significantly lower (7% and 8%, respectively) compared with controls. Nanopolystyrene particles were detected in the maternal lung, heart, and spleen. Polystyrene nanoparticles were also observed in the placenta, fetal liver, lungs, heart, kidney, and brain suggesting maternal lung-to-fetal tissue nanoparticle translocation in late stage pregnancy.Conclusion: These studies confirm that maternal pulmonary exposure to nanopolystyrene results in the translocation of plastic particles to placental and fetal tissues and renders the fetoplacental unit vulnerable to adverse effects. These data are vital to the understanding of plastic particulate toxicology and the developmental origins of health and disease.

A SURVEY OF MATERNAL COPPER STATUS AND FETAL TISSUE COPPER CONCENTRATIONS IN SASKATCHEWAN BOVINE

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. GOONERATNE ◽  
D. A. CHRISTENSEN
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Fetal Tissue ◽  
Fetal Kidney ◽  
Copper Status ◽  
Maternal Liver ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Cu Nutrition

Copper (Cu) status of cattle raised in different soil zones of Saskatchewan was examined with emphasis on the relation between liver Cu concentration in pregnant cows, stage of pregnancy and fetal liver Cu status. Whole fetuses and livers from adult animals were obtained during routine slaughter operation at a local packing plant. Twenty percent of steers, 54% of pregnant cows, 52% of heifers and 77% of nonpregnant cows had liver Cu levels less than 25 mg kg−1 dry matter (DM). Hypocuprosis was most marked in cattle originating from northern regions of Saskatchewan. Fetal liver Cu concentration depended on the dam liver Cu concentration and on stage of pregnancy and could be represented as: Fetal liver Cu concentration (mg kg−1 DM) = 217.5 + 0.023 [(age of fetus (days) × dam liver Cu concentraiton (mg kg−1 DM)]. During gestation the level of Cu progressively increased in the fetal liver and decreased in maternal liver. Liver Cu levels of fetuses from dams with liver Cu greater than 25 mg kg−1 DM were higher (P < 0.05) than those in fetuses from dams with liver Cu levels lower than 25 mg kg−1 DM. Dam liver Cu status did not influence fetal liver, kidney, heart and brain weights or the Cu concentration of fetal kidney, heart or brain. The magnitude of hypocuprosis in cattle in Saskatchewan is extensive and emphasizes the importance of adequate Cu nutrition in pregnant cattle with respect to maintaining acceptable fetal Cu status. Key words: Copper deficiency, Saskatchewan, soil zones, cattle, pregnancy, fetus

scholarly journals Bovine fetal tissue extracts as an alternative to fetal serum for in vitro reproduction of viruses

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00044
Author(s):  
Rustam Y. Gilmutdinov ◽  
Albert K. Galiullin ◽  
Gennady N. Spiridonov ◽  
Pavel V. Sovronov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Fetal Tissue ◽  
Tissue Extracts ◽  
Muscle Extract ◽  
Serum Component ◽  
Bovine Fetuses ◽  
Liver And Kidney

The authors assessed the possibility of substitution of the serum component with tissue extracts (muscles, liver, kidneys) of bovine fetuses in the culture medium during the cultivation of transplanted LEK and Vero cell lines, as well as the reproduction of infectious rhinotracheitis IR, PI-3 viruses and reovirus on them. The greatest stimulating effect on LEK and Vero cells was obtained from bovine fetuses muscle extract. The effect of this extract on the proliferative activity of LEK and Vero cells is significant and amounts to 27 and 25%, respectively. The power of the effect of liver and kidney extracts is significantly lower and equal, respectively, 15 and 18% for LEK and 14 and 19% for Vero, although it is reliable. The reproductive activity of IR and PI-3 viruses when using tissue extracts was inferior to that when using blood serum. The stimulating effect of blood serum and muscle extract on the reproduction of reovirus was comparable. The effect of fetal muscle extract on the reproduction of IR, PI-3 viruses and reovirus is reliable and amounts to 29, 31 and 33%, respectively. In general, it is close to that of the blood serum of bovine fetuses - 30, 35 and 36%. The power of the influence of the liver and kidney extracts of the bovine fetuses is significantly lower and comparable to that of the blood serum of the cows themselves: 25, 23 and 20%, although it is reliable.

Acetaminophen: Neonatal hepatotoxicity due to late pregnancy exposure

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 718-719
Author(s):  
G.A. Miranda ◽  
M.A. Arroyo ◽  
C.A. Lucio ◽  
M. Mongeotti ◽  
S.S. Poolsawat
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Neonatal Liver ◽  
Childbearing Women

Exposure to drugs and toxic chemicals, during late pregnancy, is a common occurrence in childbearing women. Some studies have reported that more than 90% of pregnant women use at least 1 prescription; of this, 60% used more than one. Another study indicated that 80% of the consumed drugs were not prescribed, and of this figure, 95% were “over-the-counter” drugs. Acetaminophen, the safest of all over-the-counter drugs, has been reported to induce fetal liver necrosis in man and animals and to have abortifacient and embryocidal action in mice. This study examines the degree to which acetaminophen affects the neonatal liver and kidney, when a fatty diet is simultaneously fed to the mother during late pregnancy.Timed Swiss Webster female mice were gavaged during late pregnancy (days 16-19) with fat suspended acetaminophen at a high dose, HD = 84.50 mg/kg, and a low dose, LD = 42.25 mg/kg; a control group received fat alone.

Macrophages in haemopoietic and other tissues of the developing mouse detected by the monoclonal antibody F4/80

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Morris ◽  
C.F. Graham ◽  
S. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocyte ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Fetal Tissues ◽  
Prominent Component ◽  
Inflammatory Stimuli ◽  
Monocytes And Macrophages ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
Haemopoietic Cells

Macrophages are widely distributed in lymphohaemopoietic and other tissues of the normal and diseased adult, where they play an important role in host defence and repair. Although the development of haemopoiesis has been well studied in several species, the ontogeny of the mononuclear phagocyte system remains poorly understood. We have used a highly specific mAb, F4/80, to examine the distribution of mature macrophages in the developing mouse, with special reference to their presence in the haemopoietic microenvironment. Monocytes and macrophages were first seen in embryos on day 10 in the yolk sac and liver as well as in mesenchyme. In liver, spleen and bone marrow, there was expansion of this population associated with the initiation of haemopoiesis on days 11, 15 and 17, respectively. Macrophages in these sites formed part of the haemopoietic stroma and their extensively spread plasma membrane processes could be seen making intimate contacts with clusters of differentiating haemopoietic cells. F4/80+ cells were widely dispersed in undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue in organs such as lung, kidney and gut. Numbers of F4/80-labelled cells increased concomitantly with organ growth and local mitoses were evident, as well as actively phagocytic macrophages. Our studies establish that macrophages are among the earliest haemopoietic cells to be produced during development and that they are relatively abundant in fetal tissues in the absence of overt inflammatory stimuli. Their distribution is correlated with the sequential migration of haemopoiesis and they constitute a prominent component of the stroma in fetal liver, spleen red pulp and bone marrow. Apart from a role in haemopoietic cellular interactions, their highly developed endocytic and biosynthetic activities suggest that macrophages contribute major undefined functions during growth, turnover and modelling of fetal tissues.

scholarly journals Fetal hyperinsulinemia increases farnesylation of p21 Ras in fetal tissues

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (2) ◽  
pp. E217-E223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Stephens ◽  
Patti J. Thureen ◽  
Marc L. Goalstone ◽  
Marianne S. Anderson ◽  
J. Wayne Leitner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Ras Proteins ◽  
Direct Infusion ◽  
Fetal Tissues ◽  
P21 Ras

Even though the role of fetal hyperinsulinemia in the pathogenesis of fetal macrosomia in patients with overt diabetes and gestational diabetes mellitus seems plausible, the molecular mechanisms of action of hyperinsulinemia remain largely enigmatic. Recent indications that hyperinsulinemia “primes” various tissues to the mitogenic influence of growth factors by increasing the pool of prenylated Ras proteins prompted us to investigate the effect of fetal hyperinsulinemia on the activitiy of farnesyltransferase (FTase) and the amounts of farnesylated p21 Ras in fetal tissues in the ovine experimental model. Induction of fetal hyperinsulinemia by direct infusion of insulin into the fetus and by either fetal or maternal infusions of glucose resulted in significant increases in the activity of FTase and the amounts of farnesylated p21 Ras in fetal liver, skeletal muscle, fat, and white blood cells. An additional infusion of somatostatin into hyperglycemic fetuses blocked fetal hyperinsulinemia and completely prevented these increases, specifying insulin as the causative factor. We conclude that the ability of fetal hyperinsulinemia to increase the size of the pool of farnesylated p21 Ras may prime fetal tissues to the action of other growth factors and thereby constitute one mechanism by which fetal hyperinsulinemia could induce macrosomia in diabetic pregnancies.

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