EFFECTS OF BARLEY HULLS, DIETARY PROTEIN LEVEL AND WEIGHT OF PIG ON DIGESTIBILITY OF CANOLA MEAL FED TO FINISHING PIGS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. BELL ◽  
M. O. KEITH
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Dietary Protein Level ◽  
True Digestibility ◽  
Crossbred Pigs ◽  
True Energy

A factorial digestibility experiment with three dietary levels of canola meal (CM) (0, 15, 30%), two levels of barley hulls (0, 25%) and two basal diets (approximately 10 and 19% crude protein, CP) was conducted using crossbred pigs over the weight range 45 – 90 kg. Diets contained 0.5% chromium oxide as a fecal marker. Inclusion of barley hulls improved the apparent digestibility of dietary CP (83.3% with hulls vs. 81.9% without hulls) and of corn CP (74% for corn, 76% for corn + hulls). True digestibility of CP in corn was also improved (75% for corn, 90% for corn + hulls). The energy and CP components of barley hulls were 40 and 57% digestible, respectively. The digestibility values for CM were: CP 80% (apparent) and 85% (true); energy 68%; nonprotein energy 55% and these were not affected by the presence of barley hulls. Digestibility improved as the pigs matured; each 10-kg weight increase was associated with 0.65 and 0.37 percentage units increase in digestibility of CP and energy, respectively, but these values may be lower than those normally encountered because of the use of casein for adjusting dietary CP levels in this experiment. It is suggested the barley hulls may possess two opposing properties, one that depresses digestibility of protein by increasing metabolic fecal nitrogen output and which is related to the neutral detergent fiber component, and another that in some way enhances the digestibility of protein. Key words: Canola meal, barley hulls, protein level, digestibility, pigs

scholarly journals Effects of dietary protein level on intake, digestibility, and energy expenditure in dairy heifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 3211-3224
Author(s):  
Laylles Costa Araújo ◽  
◽  
Eriton Egidio Lisboa Valente ◽  
Valdir da Trindade Filipini ◽  
Silvana Teixeira Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Dietary Protein Level

Balancing diets for protein affects both protein and energy use efficiency in cattle. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary protein level on intake, digestibility and energy expenditure in Holstein heifers. Four Holstein heifers with a mean BW of 266.5 ± 10.7 kg were distributed in a 4 x 4 balanced Latin square design. Each period was comprised of 14 d for adaptation and 6 d for samplings. The heifers were fed diets with 9, 12, 15 and 18% of crude protein (CP). Total feces and urine were collected. Rumen fluid was collected at 2, 4, 6 and 8 h after feeding. The energy expenditure was evaluated at 6 a.m., 12 a.m., 6 p.m. and 12 p.m. by a closed-circuit mask technique. The intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were similar between treatments (P > 0.05). Although the NDF digestibility was not changed (P > 0.05), the digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, non-fibrous carbohydrates, and total digestible nutrients increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing CP levels in the diet. Urinary urea nitrogen excretion and nitrogen retained increased linearly (P < 0.01) with increasing CP levels. Dietary CP levels did not affect (P =0.53) energy expenditure in heifers. Ruminal ammonia-nitrogen concentration peaked at 2-4 h after feeding. Increasing dietary CP levels from 9 to 18% does not affect feed intake and energy expenditure in heifers. However, it improves the digestibility of OM and nitrogen retention.

scholarly journals Optimum dietary crude protein requirement for juvenile cachama Piaractus brachypomus

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 2183-2189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wálter Vásquez-Torres ◽  
Manoel Pereira-Filho ◽  
Jose Alfredo Arias-Castellanos
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Dietary Protein Level ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Order Polynomial

A growth experiment was conducted to determine the optimal dietary protein requirement for juvenile cachama, Piaractus brachypomus. Six semi-purified isoenergetic experimental diets using casein and gelatin as protein sources were formulated to contain graded levels of protein (16, 20, 24, 28, 32 and 36%). Fish initially averaging 15.52±0.33g (mean±SD) were randomly distributed into the tanks (500L) as groups of 20 fish and fed to apparent satiation twice daily for 60 days. The results showed that feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, fish weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and protein productive value were affected by dietary protein level (P<0.05) . No significant differences were observed in proximal composition of carcass (P<0.05) in response to dietary protein. Analysis of dietary protein level x WG with a second order polynomial regression suggested a requirement of 31.6% CP for optimum growth.

scholarly journals Effects of different dietary of protein and lipid levels on the growth of freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium carcinus) broodstock

2014 ◽  
pp. 3921-3929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Benítez-Mandujano ◽  
Jesús T. Ponce-Palafox
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Dietary Protein Level ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Experimental Treatments

ABSTRACTObjective. Evaluate the effects of varying dietary protein and lipid levels on the growth and body composition of adult freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium carcinus (Linnaeus 1758), in a recirculation system for 11 weeks (77 days). Materials and methods. The experimental treatments were assigned in triplicate. Six test diets were formulated with three different protein levels (35, 40 and 45%) and two lipid levels (8 and 13%). Results. The highest survival rate, growth indices and feed utilization were observed for M. carcinus adults fed protein:lipid diets of 35:13, 40:13 and 45:13, and the lowest values for these parameters were recorded for prawns fed diets with the lowest lipid levels; the differences in these parameters between these types of diets were significant (p<0.05). A nonsignificant tendency for an increased percentage of protein in the body with an increased dietary protein level was observed. The percentage of lipids decreased with an increasing dietary protein level, and no definite trends in ash content were found. Conclusions. The results suggest that a diet with 35% dietary crude protein and 13% lipids enhances the growth and body composition of adult M. carcinus.

scholarly journals The effects of dietary protein and non-protein nitrogen on liver glutamate dehydrogenase activity in the chick

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Davis ◽  
C. H. Martindale
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Liver Protein ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Dietary Protein Level ◽  
Glutamate Dehydrogenase Activity

1. Diets containing varying levels of crude protein (CP) in the range 9.5–18.5% with and without supplements of diammonium citrate (DAC) as a source of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) were given to 160 growing chicks from 2 to 4 weeks of age, and their livers were assayed for glumate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity.2. Growth rate and total liver protein were increased by raising the protein level from 9.5 to 18.5% CP. Chicks receiving 9.5 or 12.5% CP were heavier when they had also received 1.94% DAC. At 18.5% CP the addition of 3.88% DAC depressed growth.3. GDH activity per unit liver weight and total GDH activity increased with dietary protein level but there were no consistent responses to DAC supplements. It was concluded that liver GDH activity did not provide a useful index of the utilization of NPN.

Effect of castration and dietary protein level on growth and carcass composition in beef cattle

1970 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Robertson ◽  
H. Paver ◽  
J. C. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Dietary Protein Level ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Fixed Weight

SUMMARYThirty-six Hereford cross Friesian calves weighing on average 82.4 kg at an average age of 90 days were allotted in randomized blocks to a 2 x 3 factorial design. Castration by the open method was performed on half the number of calves and three dietary crude protein levels, 20, 14 and 11 % in dry matter were used in a mainly cereal concentrate diet fed ad libitum individually to the animals in stalls. Slaughter was at a fixed weight of approximately 420 kg.Steers compared with bulls gained weight at a significantly slower rate and with less efficiency. Castration's greatest effect in reducing rate of gain occurred during the later stages of rearing when puberty in the bulls, as measured by a steep rise in seminal fructose, was associated with their relatively well maintained live-weight gain. The influence of testicular hormones was also apparent in the bull's carcass with its heavier head, horn and hide and significantly higher proportion of lean and lower proportion of fat in the side.Dietary protein level affected rate of gain in both bulls and steers but at each level bulls performed better than steers. With circumstances similar to those in this experiment, a 14 % crude protein level in concentrate dry matter appears adequate for both categories up to a live weight of circa 270 kg and a reduction to 11 % thereafter. The effect of protein level on tissue proportions of the side and carcass composition generally was minimal.

Variability of apparent ileal amino acid digestibility in canola meal for growing-finishing pigs

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. Fan ◽  
W. C. Sauer ◽  
V. M. Gabert
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Ileal Digestibility

Studies were conducted with six barrows, average initial body weigh 32.5 kg, fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum, to determine some of the factors responsible for the variability in apparent ileal digestibility values of amino acids (AA) in canola meal. The barrows were fed six corn starch-based diets, formulated to contain 18.0% crude protein (CP) on a dry matter (DM) basis from six canola meal samples, according to a 6 × 6 Latin square design. Chromic oxide (0.3%) was used as a digestibility marker. The pigs were fed twice daily, at 08:00 and 20:00 h. The dietary allowance was 1600 g d−1. Each experimental period consisted of 8 d. Ileal digesta were collected at 2-h intervals, for a total of 24 h from 08:00 on day 6 to 08:00 h on day 8. With the exception of proline, there were differences (P < 0.05) in the apparent ileal digestibility values of all AA among the six canola meal samples. Of the indispensable AA in canola meal, the digestibility values of arginine, histidine, and methionine were relatively high, ranging from 79.4 to 84.4, from 76.5 to 81.0%, and from 77.3 to 82.4%, respectively, while the digestibility values of threonine and tryptophan were relatively low, ranging from 59.7 to 66.5 and from 61.7 to 67.5%, respectively. Furthermore, with the exception of arginine, the digestibility values of the indispensable AA were negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with the neutral-detergent fiber (NDF) content in canola meal. In addition with the exception of threonine, tryptophan and valine, the digestibility values of the indispensable AA were positively correlated (P < 0.05) with their respective dietary levels. In conclusion, measured with the ileal analysis method, there were differences (P < 0.05) in the digestibility values of the majority of AA among the canola meal samples. Differences in NDF content were mainly responsible for the variation. In addition, differences in the dietary levels of most AA also contributed, in part, to the variation of AA digestibility values. Key words: Amino acids, ileal digestibility, canola meal, pigs

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