EFFECT OF FEEDING FREQUENCY ON THE UTILIZATION OF HIGH-FORAGE DIETS BY CATTLE

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1067-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. RUIZ ◽  
D. N. MOWAT
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Forage Diets

A feedlot trial and a digestion and nitrogen balance trial were carried out to evaluate the effect of feeding one (1 ×) or four times (4 ×) daily on the utilization of two high-forage diets. On a dry matter basis, diet 1 contained 76% alfalfa haylage and 22% high-moisture corn; diet 2 contained 93% corn silage and 4% soybean meal; the balance was composed of mineral and Rumensin premixes. In the feedlot trial, feed was offered ad libitum, and feeding frequency resulted in small differences in eating patterns within diets. Thus, rate of gain, feed intake and conversion were not significantly affected. In the digestion trial, feed intake was restricted to 90% of each individual's maximum intake, which resulted in larger differences in eating patterns between 1 × and 4 × feeding. Under these conditions, feeding frequently increased (P < 0.05) dry matter and organic matter digestibility, as well as N retention (percent of N intake). Increased feeding frequency had no beneficial effects under ad libitum feeding of high-forage diets. However, under restricted feeding, feeding more frequently improved total diet digestibility and nitrogen retention. Key words: Cattle, feeding frequency, digestibility, growth, nitrogen retention

ENERGY SUPPLEMENTATION OF HIGH FORAGE DIETS FOR MID-LACTATION DAIRY COWS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 867-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. ROBINSON ◽  
P. L. BURGESS
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Alfalfa Silage ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Forage Diets

Alfalfa silage-based rations containing corn grain, oats or tallow as the primary supplemental energy source were fed to a total of 48 mid-lactation cows in two 56-d experiments. Corn, oats or tallow were mixed with the alfalfa silage and fed ad libitum. A corn-barley-soybean meal-based concentrate was fed twice daily proportional to milk production. Overall rations varied from 55 to 70% alfalfa silage on a dry matter basis. Feed intake was lower for tallow-supplemented cows, whereas milk yield and milk proportions of fat and lactose were similar for cows in all groups. Tallow-supplemented cows produced milk with a lower protein proportion and protein yield was also lower. Tallow-supplemented cows produced milk with major shifts in milk fatty acids from most short-chain fatty acids (<C16:1) to primarily C18:1 as well as C18:0 and C20:0. Parameters of rumen fermentation were similar among all groups and did not suggest a ruminal mechanism for reduced feed intake in spite of the high level of added fat (8.6 and 6.2% of dietary dry matter in exp. 1 and exp. 2, respectively). Isoenergetic substitution of oats for corn had no negative effects on animal performance in these high-forage diets. However, addition of tallow to alfalfa silage at these levels depressed overall animal performance. Key words: Tallow, oats, corn, milk fatty acids, dairy cows

EFFECTS OF FORMALIN ADDED TO MILK REPLACERS ON GROWTH, FEED INTAKE, DIGESTION AND INCIDENCE OF ABOMASAL BLOAT IN LAMBS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. L. GORRILL ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON ◽  
T. M. MACINTYRE
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Milk Replacers

Formalin (37% formaldehyde) was added at 0–0.15% (v/w) to 20% (w/w) solids milk replacers to determine its effect on utilization of nutrients, growth, feed intake and incidence of abomasal bloat in lambs. Formalin at 0.05 or 0.10% in the diet had no effect on growth, nitrogen retention and apparent digestion of dry matter, nitrogen and energy by lambs. The incidence of abomasal bloat was markedly reduced in lambs fed milk replacer twice daily to appetite when 0.10%, compared with 0 or 0.05% formalin was added. Milk replacer intake by lambs and body weight gains were reduced by the inclusion of 0.15% formalin, but there was no adverse effect on the digestive tract mucosa. Lambs fed milk replacer ad libitum at 17 C with 0.05% formalin added tended to gain more body weight to weaning than those fed refrigerated milk replacer without formalin (237 vs. 192 g/day); weight gains to 10 wk were 224 and 222 g/day, respectively. The same milk replacer containing 0.05% formalin was fed to lambs either ad libitum or restricted to 900 g/day after 8 days of age. Weight gains to weaning at 28 days were 311 and 212 g/day, and to 10 wk were 259 and 220 g/day, respectively. Milk replacer dry matter intakes per lamb were 8.8 and 5.4 kg. There was no abomasal bloating in lambs when fed ad libitum or restricted amounts of milk replacer with 0.05% formalin added.

Phenotypic and genetic correlations between feeding behaviours and feed efficiency in crossbred beef replacement females

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Olson ◽  
C. Li ◽  
H. Block ◽  
L. McKeown ◽  
J.A. Basarab
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Feeding Duration ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Feeding Behaviours

The objectives of this study were to identify the phenotypic and genetic relationships and heritability (h2) of feeding behaviours (FB) in replacement beef females. Between 2005 and 2017, heifers (N = 1394) were tested for feed intake using an electronic feed bunk system. The various FB were feeding duration (DUR; min d−1), head down time (HD; min d−1), feeding frequency (FREQ; events d−1), time-to-bunk (TTB; min). Dry matter intake (DMI; kg d−1), and residual feed intake adjusted for off-test ultrasound back fat thickness (RFIFAT) were also reported. The h2 estimates for DUR, HD, FREQ, TTB, DMI, and RFIFAT were 0.25 ± 0.05, 0.26 ± 0.06, 0.27 ± 0.05, 0.29 ± 0.06, 0.26 ± 0.05, and 0.40 ± 0.07, respectively. These are the first h2 to be presented for these FB among developing replacement heifers on a high-forage diet.

scholarly journals The effect of feeding frequency and meal size on amounts of total and parotid saliva secreted by sheep

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R. Carter ◽  
O. Brian Allen ◽  
W. Larry Grovum
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Parotid Saliva ◽  
Fixed Amount ◽  
Sham Feeding ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Production Response ◽  
Stem Leaf ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Saliva Production

Total and unilateral parotid saliva production during eating were measured in response to offering sheep a fixed amount of lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay as one, two, four or eight meals. Total saliva measurements were obtained using sham-fed oesophageal-fistulated sheep. Unilateral parotid saliva was collected from sheep fitted with reversible re-entrant cannulas. Dry matter intakes and eating times were measured for each meal but were not constrained to particular values. Total and unilateral parotid saliva production during eating increased linearly with the log of the number of meals (p = 0.0001). The amounts corresponding to one, two, four and eight meals of lucerne hay were 1553, 1737, 1851 and 2087 ml during total collections and 209, 248, 307 and 352 ml during unilateral parotid collections. The time-period spent eating and the amount of food consumed both increased as meal number increased. Total saliva collections when lucerne hay was sham-fed as one, two, four or eight meals were associated with eating times of 56.9, 57.4, 70.8 and 86.0 min and intakes of 562, 622, 629 and 638 g dry matter respectively. For unilateral parotid collections, eating times and dry matter intakes were 64.2, 71.3, 78.0, 82.1 min and 515, 579, 614 and 627 g for one, two, four and eight meals of lucerne hay respectively. The saliva production response appeared to be determined through the effects of the time-period spent eating and amounts consumed, but other undetermined effects of feeding frequency contributed to the response. The importance of meal duration on total saliva production was assessed by sham-feeding of 800 g lucerne as stem, leaf, hay, chopped hay or ground and pelleted hay. Increasing meal duration by feeding with stems resulted in the production of 1808 ml saliva, whereas the rapid consumption of pellets resulted in only 442 ml being produced.

Influence of parasitism on plasma concentrations of growth hormone, somatomedin-C and somatomedin-binding proteins in calves

1988 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Elsasser ◽  
T. S. Rumsey ◽  
A. C. Hammond ◽  
R. Fayer
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Somatomedin C ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACT A parasitic disease model (sarcocystosis) was used to study the effects of infection and associated plane of nutrition on GH and somatomedin-C (SM-C) patterns in plasma, and SM-C binding protein patterns in plasma from 4-month-old male Holstein calves. Calves, matched by age and rate of growth before the experiment, were divided into three treatment groups (n = 7). In the first (control), animals were uninfected and food was available ad libitum; in the second, animals were infected with Sarcocystis cruzi and food was available ad libitum. The third group consisted of uninfected animals pair-fed to the level of feed intake of the infected animals. Blood samples were obtained at various times after infection for analysis of the secretory patterns of GH (day 27 after infection, samples every 10 min for 6 h), SM-C (days 27, 35 and 58 after infection) or binding protein (day 42 after infection). Samples were analysed for GH and SM-C by radioimmunoassay. Relative molecular weights of binding proteins were assessed by elution patterns from gel permeation columns. Clinical signs of infection were manifest abruptly on day 26 after infection. Voluntary feed intakes of infected calves as a per cent of control calves were 18, 46 and 78 on days 27, 35 and 58 after infection respectively. Plasma GH concentrations were lower in infected and pair-fed than in control calves (P < 0·05). Plasma SM-C concentrations were reduced in calves with diminished feed intakes and lower still in infected calves (P < 0·05). Plasma SM-C was positively correlated with nitrogen retention across treatment groups (r = 0·81). Two classes of binding proteins differing in molecular weight were identified. The relative amounts of each binding protein in plasma were reduced during low feed intake with some differences in the endogenous saturation affected by infection. These data suggest that altered growth and metabolism in parasitized calves may arise in part from both nutritional and infection-mediated effects on the regulation of GH, SM-C and SM-C binding proteins. J. Endocr. (1988) 116, 191–200

Effect of feeding hydroponic barley sprouts to sheep on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen retention, rumen fermentation and ruminal enzymes activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 228 ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen M. Farghaly ◽  
Mahmoud A.M. Abdullah ◽  
Ibrahim M.I. Youssef ◽  
Ismail R. Abdel-Rahim ◽  
Khaled Abouelezz
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Enzymes Activity ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Feeding frequency and its effect on feedlot performance in steers

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Goonewardene ◽  
D. F. Engstrom ◽  
D. R. ZoBell
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Daily Gain

One hundred and twenty commercial feedlot steers were penned and randomly allocated to three treatments: fed once, twice and three times per day, over a grower through finisher period of 196 d. Feeding frequency had no effect (P > 0.05) on average daily gain, feed intake or efficiency overall. We conclude that there are no beneficial effects in feeding a total mixed diet more frequently to feedlot steers. Key words: Feeding, frequency, gain, steers, feed efficiency

scholarly journals Evaluation of poultry litter on sorghum straw intake and dry matter disappearance using dry cows

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 584-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramón Álvarez Zapata ◽  
Jorge Combellas Láres
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Liquid Ammonia ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Mineral Supplementation ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Sorghum Straw

An experiment was carried out to evaluate supplementation of sorghum straw (SS) with poultry litter (PL) in a single offering/day, and minerals and their effects on feed intake, sorghum straw dry matter disappearance (DMD) in nylon bags and rumen liquid ammonia N concentration. A 4x4 latin square design with 17-day periods and four rumen fistulated stalled cows was used to compare four treatments: (0) SS alone, (M) SS + mineral mixture offered ad libitum (P) SS + 1 kg/day of a concentrate with 83.5 % PL and (PM) SS + supplements used in M and P. The concentrate was offered in one meal and rumen N concentration increased to just over 100 mg/L between 1 and 3 h after feeding, decreasing to less than 50 mg/L after 7 h, levels similar to those on treatments without PL. Dry matter disappearance at 72 h and feed intake increased by the addition of concentrate, but not by mineral supplementation. These results show that the effect of supplementation with PL was due mainly to degradable nitrogen and not by the minerals. A single offering/day is not enough to maintain recommended ammonia N concentrations during most of the day.

The effect of feeding dairy cattle during the transition phase on dry matter intake, blood metabolites, milk yield and milk composition

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000 ◽  
pp. 101-101
Author(s):  
J K Margerison ◽  
B. Winkler ◽  
K. Mowll ◽  
R. Derrick ◽  
E. Mcintosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Transition Phase ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Liquid Feed ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Feeding the dairy cow during the transition phase (dry to lactating) has been found to effect subsequent feed intake and milk yield (Moorby et al., 1996; Olsson et al., 1998). The aim of this study was to compare the effect of feeding a liquid feed during the prepartum period on; feed intake, milk yield, milk composition, live weight loss and blood metabolite levels.

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