EFFECT OF FLOOR TYPE ON THE SEVERITY OF FOOT LESIONS AND OSTEOCHONDROSIS IN SWINE

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. BRENNAN ◽  
F. X. AHERNE
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Proximal Ulna ◽  
Expanded Metal ◽  
Foot Lesions ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Daily Gain

Sixty-seven pigs were weaned at 5 wk of age and assigned to pens with either plastic-coated expanded metal or woven-wire floorings. The feet of each pig were examined at weaning and at the end of a 28-d starter period for soundness. Eleven gilts which had been on plastic-coated flooring and 12 gilts which had been on woven-wire flooring were moved at the end of the starter period to 1.2 × 1.2-m pens with the same floor types. These pigs were fed ad libitum until slaughter at 94 kg bodyweight. At weaning, the incidence of foot lesions was only 7%. Floor type did not have any significant (P > 0.05) effect on average daily gain, average daily feed intake or feed:gain ratios of pigs during the starter (8–22 kg), grower (22–55 kg) or finisher (55–94 kg) periods. Foot lesions were most severe (P < 0.01) in starter pigs which were penned on woven-wire flooring. There was also a tendency (P < 0.06) towards more severe hind-toe lesions in 94-kg gilts which were penned on woven-wire flooring. In general, the lateral digits of the feet of these gilts had more severe lesions (P < 0.01) than the medial digits. The severity of osteochondrosis of the condyles of the femur and humerus, of the articular cartilage of the proximal ulna and radius and of the distal ulnar physis were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by floor type. The influence of floor type on the locomotory system appeared therefore to be confined to local foot abrasions and did not extend to the knee and elbow joints. Key words: Swine, floor, foot, lesion, osteochondrosis

scholarly journals Productivity and aggression at grouping of grower-finisher pigs in large groups

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thusith S Samarakone ◽  
Harold W Gonyou
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
Daily Gain

A total of eight 11-wk trials were conducted to evaluate the productivity and aggression at grouping of grower-finisher pigs [initial body weight (BW) = 31.8 ± 5.4 kg (mean ± SD), n = 2304] in two group size treatments (18 and 108 pigs pen-1). Pigs were housed on fully-slatted floors, provided one wet/dry feeder space for every nine pigs, and a floor space allowance of 0.76 m2 pig-1 in both group sizes. The level of aggression at grouping was recorded for 2 h starting 0, 24 and 48 h following grouping into small and large groups. Pigs were weighed on weeks 0, 2, 5, 7 and 11, and average daily gain (ADG) was obtained. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) was recorded during two periods (weeks 2 to 5 and 7 to 11). There was no difference in percentage of time spent on aggression between two group sizes up to 48 h following grouping. ADG for the entire 11-wk trial was affected (2%) by large group size (0.971 and 0.955 kg d-1 for groups of 18 and 108, respectively; P < 0.05). However, the greatest effect on ADG was observed during the first 2 wk following grouping (0.919 and 0.833 kg d-1 for groups of 18 and 108, respectively; P < 0.001). There were no significant effects due to group size on ADFI, feed efficiency, variability in final BW within a pen, carcass traits or mortality and morbidity (P > 0.05). In summary, the overall productivity and aggression at grouping did not differ substantially between group sizes of 18 and 108 pigs pen-1. Key words: Large groups, grower-finisher, pigs, productivity, aggression

Digestible phosphorus requirement of grower pigs

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Ekpe ◽  
R. T. Zijlstra ◽  
J. F. Patience
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Phosphorus Excretion ◽  
Phosphorus Requirement ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Total P

Phosphorus excretion may have a major impact on the environment if it is not managed properly. The success of management strategies for reducing P excretion of pigs is dependent partly on more accurate estimates of P requirements, specifically digestible instead of total P requirements. Performance and metabolism studies were conducted to determine digestible P requirements of grower pigs based on performance, plasma and bone P, and P excretion and retention variables, using 200 pigs (23 ± 0.9 kg) and 20 barrows (54 ± 3.1 kg), respectively. Pigs were fed one of five concentrations of dietary digestible P (0.19, 0.24, 0.33, 0.35, and 0.38%). Increasing digestible P quadratically increased average daily gain (ADG) (P < 0.01), feed intake (P < 0.05), and feed efficiency (P < 0.001). Barrows had a higher ADG than gilts (0.890 vs. 0.838 kg d-1; P < 0.05); however, digestible P requirement was higher for gilts than for barrows (6.92 vs. 6.17 g d-1 or 0.36 vs. 0.32% in diet; P < 0.05). In barrows, increasing digestible P intake quadratically increased P in plasma and urine (P < 0.01), and linearly increased P in faeces (P < 0.01), suggesting that P excretion depends on excess P intake. Using regression analysis, digestible P requirements were 6.45 g d-1 with ADG, 7.46 g d-1 with bone P, 6.01 g d-1 with plasma P, 3.61 g d-1 with urinary P, 5.86 g d-1 with retained P, and 5.11 g d-1 with retained N. Feeding P closer to pig requirements will reduce P excretion. Key words: Phosphorus, requirement, pig

Response of nursery pigs to diets with increasing levels of raw peas

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Friesen ◽  
E. Kiarie ◽  
C. M. Nyachoti
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Key Words Growth ◽  
Daily Gain

Five corn-soybean-based diets were formulated to contain 0, 15, 20, 25, or 30% raw peas and fed for 35 d to ninety-six 21-d-old pigs. Raw peas were included at the expense of corn and soybean meal. Increasing levels of raw peas depressed daily gain (P = 0.07), feed intake (P = 0.04) from days 21 to 56. Specifically, pigs fed diet with 25% peas had 19 and 25% lower average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI), respectively, than pigs fed the diet with 0% peas. The body weight (BW) was also linearly reduced (P = 0.10) on day 56. However, diets did not affect feed efficiency. Key words: Growth performance, peas, pig

Comparison of growth and feed efficiency of steers fed barley and triticale diets

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Goonewardene ◽  
J. A. Basarab ◽  
D. R. Zobell
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Daily Gain

Steers fed triticale adapted to the diet more slowly than those fed barley, resulting in reduced overall feed intake (9.4 vs. 10.5 kg d−1, P = 0.08) and average daily gain (ADG) (1.3 vs. 1.5 kg d−1, P = 0.08). No difference was detected in feed:gain ratio (7.1 vs. 6.8, P = 0.65). The reduced ADG in the triticale-fed steers may be due to reduced feed intake and the longer time required to adapt. Key words: Barley, triticale, steers, intake, performance, growth

A comparison of drip and non-drip nipple waterers used by weanling pigs

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 581-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. O. Ogunbameru ◽  
E. T. Kornegay ◽  
C. M. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Drip Water ◽  
Daily Gain

An evaluation of three waterer treatments: (1) pig-trainer nipple waterers adjusted to drip water for 3 d postweaning; (2) pig-trainer nipple waterers adjusted to not drip; and (3) conventional non-drip nipple waterers did not indicate significant (P > 0.05) differences in weekly and cumulative average daily feed intake, average daily gain and feed per gain ratios of weanling pigs, suggesting no advantage for the use of drip waterers. Key words: Pigs, nipple drinkers, growth, feed intake, feed conversion

POTENTIAL OF TRITICALE AS A FEED FOR FINISHING HEIFERS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 325-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. ZOBELL ◽  
L. A. GOONEWAR-DENE ◽  
D. F. ENGSTROM
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Barley Silage ◽  
Daily Gain

Commercial heifers (n = 120) were randomly assigned to 12 pens (10 heifers/pen) and fed one of four grain diets in combination with barley silage and vitamin premix. Treatments were 100% barley control, 100% triticale, 50% triticale 50% barley, 25% triticale 75% barley. Treatment differences were not significant (P > 0.05) for body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), feed intake (FI) and feed:gain (FG).ADG, FI and FG for the 100% triticale treatment were 1.24 kg d−1, 7.88 kg d−1 and 6.29 kg kg−1 respectively, while in the control they were 1.23 kg d−1, 8.03 kg d and 6.39 kg kg−1. Key words: Triticale, heifers, body weight, feed:gain

The effect of thickness of steam-rolled barley on its utilization by beef cattle

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hironaka ◽  
K. A. Beauchemin ◽  
T. J. Lysyk
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Daily Gain

All-concentrate diets consisting of thin-, medium- or coarse-rolled barley or whole barley were fed to 24 Hereford steers and 24 Hereford bulls. Digestibility trials and chewing studies were conducted on each of the diets. Cattle fed medium-rolled barley gained faster (P < 0.05) (1.62 kg d−1) than those fed thin-rolled (1.49 kg d−1) or whole barley (1.38 kg d−1), and cattle fed coarse-rolled barley gained faster (P < 0.05) (1.53 kg d−1) than those fed whole barley. The average daily gain was similar in cattle fed thin-rolled and whole barley. Feed intake was lower from week 2 to week 8 in cattle fed the thin- and medium-rolled barley diets than in those fed the coarse-rolled and whole-barley diets. Gain-to-feed ratio decreased as the thickness of the roll increased and was lowest in cattle fed whole barley. Energy, protein and starch digestibilities declined with thickness of roll and were lowest for the whole-barley diets. Ruminating time and the time ruminating per kilogram of feed increased as the thickness of the roll increased; rumination time was longest on the whole-barley diet. Key words: Beef cattle, barley, rolling, processing, rumination, digestibility

scholarly journals 268 Administering an appeasing substance to optimize welfare and performance of receiving cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 193-193
Author(s):  
Eduardo Colombo ◽  
Reinaldo F Cooke ◽  
Alice Brandão ◽  
Jacob Wiegand ◽  
Kelsey Schubach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Skin Area ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract This experiment evaluated the impacts of bovine appeasing substance (BAS) administration on performance, health, and physiological responses of feedlot cattle during a 45-d receiving period. A total of 342 recently-weaned Angus-influenced steers, originating from 16 cow-calf operations, were obtained from an auction yard on d -1 and road-transported (12 h) to the feedlot. Upon arrival on d 0, body weight (BW) was recorded and steers were ranked by BW and source and assigned to receive BAS (Nutricorp, Araras, SP, Brazil; n = 171) or placebo (diethylene glycol monoethyl ether; CON; n = 171). Treatments (5 mL) were topically applied to the nuchal skin area of each animal. Within treatment, calves were allocated to 1 of 24 drylot pens (12 pens/treatment) and received a free choice total-mixed ration from d 1 to 45. Calves were assessed for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) signs and feed intake was recorded from each pen daily. Steer BW was again recorded on d 1, 7, 17, 31, and 45, whereas blood samples were collected from 5 steers/pen concurrently with each BW assessment. Average daily gain was greater (P = 0.05) in BAS vs. CON calves, although final BW did not differ (P = 0.36) between treatments. No treatment effects were detected for feed intake (P = 0.95), resulting in greater (P = 0.05) feed efficiency in BAS vs. CON steers. No treatment effects were detected (P ≥ 0.37) for plasma concentrations of haptoglobin, whereas plasma cortisol concentrations were greater (P = 0.05) in CON vs. BAS steers on d 7 (treatment × day; P = 0.07). Incidence of BRD was greater (P ≤ 0.05) in BAS vs. CON on d 6 to 10 and d 18 to 21 (treatment × day; P &lt; 0.01), although overall BRD incidence did not differ (P = 0.24) between treatments. The number of antimicrobial treatments required per steer diagnosed with BRD symptoms to recover from sickness was greater (P = 0.04) in CON vs. BAS calves. No treatment differences were detected (P ≥ 0.41) for mortality incidence, or proportion of steers removed from the experiment due to extreme sickness. Results from this experiment indicate BAS administration upon feedlot entry improved average daily gain by enhancing feed efficiency. Administration of BAS facilitated earlier detection of BRD and reduced the need for antimicrobial treatments. Collectively, these results suggest BAS administration as a promising strategy to benefit performance and immunocompetence of feedlot receiving cattle.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF LEVELS OF ISOLATION, OR VARIETAL DIFFERENCES IN, HIGH FIBRE HULL FRACTION OF LOW GLUCOSINOLATE RAPESEED MEALS ON RAT OR PIG PERFORMANCE

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. KENNELLY ◽  
F. X. AHERNE ◽  
A. J. LEWIS
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Daily Gain

Forty-eight crossbred pigs of average initial weight 21 kg were fed 10% Tower rapeseed meal (RSM) and 10% Candle RSM as partial replacements for soybean meal (SBM). Diets were formulated to be isocaloric. Pigs fed the SBM diet consumed less feed, gained significantly (P < 0.01) faster and were more efficient at converting feed to gain than those fed the RSM diets. Performance of pigs fed Candle RSM was not significantly different to that obtained with Tower RSM. In a second experiment, dehulled Tower RSM and Tower RSM hulls were mixed in amounts to produce RSM with crude fibre levels of 6.8, 10.8, 13.5 and 15.8%. The simulated RSM and Tower and Candle RSM were used to completely replace SBM in the diets of weanling (75 g) Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats fed SBM had significantly (P < 0.05) higher average daily gain (ADG) than those fed Tower or Candle RSM, or diets containing the rapeseed meats. There was no significant (P < 0.05) difference in ADG, feed intake or feed to gain ratio of rats fed either Tower or Candle RSM. Feed intake, feed to gain ratio and fecal volatile fatty acid concentrations increased while average daily gain decreased with increasing level of hulls in simulated RSM diets. There was no significant difference (P < 0.05) in thyroid weight between rats fed SBM, Tower RSM or Candle RSM.

PSIV-2 A comparison of feedlot growth and performance of beef x Holstein crossbred steers and Holstein steers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 298-299
Author(s):  
Bailey L Basiel ◽  
Chad D Dechow ◽  
Tara L Felix
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Objectives were to compare feedlot performance and carcass traits of F1 beef × Holstein steers and Holstein steers. Angus or Limousin × Holstein crossbred [n = 27; age = 12 ± 3 months; body weight (BW) = 435 ± 8 kg] and Holstein (n = 20; age = 11 ± 2 months; BW = 400 ± 9 kg) steers were fed at the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture Livestock Evaluation Center for 111 days. Feed intake was recorded using the GrowSafe Feed Intake Monitoring System (Model 4000E, GrowSafe Systems Ltd., Calgary AB, Canada). The diet contained corn silage, dried distillers grains, soybean meal, and cracked corn and was formulated to meet or exceed the requirements of beef cattle (NASEM, 2016). Growth performance variables of interest and carcass measurements were analyzed with the Mixed procedure of SAS (SAS 9.4; SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). USDA assigned quality grades (QG) and yield grades (YG) were analyzed the with GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Breed was a fixed effect in all models. There were no differences (P &gt; 0.05) between breeds in average daily gain or feed efficiency. Crossbreds exceeded Holsteins in initial (P &lt; 0.01) and final BW (P = 0.01), dry matter intake (P = 0.03), hot carcass weight (P &lt; 0.01), backfat (P = 0.03), and ribeye area (REA; P &lt; 0.01). Thirty-five percent (35%) of the Holsteins received a QG of Choice or above while 74% of crossbreds graded USDA Choice or above (P = 0.01). However, 75% of Holsteins were YG 2 or lower while only 45% of crossbreds achieved YG 2 or less (P = 0.05). There was no improvement in efficiency when crossbreds were compared to Holsteins; however, carcasses from crossbreds were more likely to grade USDA Choice or above while yielding greater REA and backfat than Holsteins.

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