Response of nursery pigs to diets with increasing levels of raw peas

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Friesen ◽  
E. Kiarie ◽  
C. M. Nyachoti
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Key Words Growth ◽  
Daily Gain

Five corn-soybean-based diets were formulated to contain 0, 15, 20, 25, or 30% raw peas and fed for 35 d to ninety-six 21-d-old pigs. Raw peas were included at the expense of corn and soybean meal. Increasing levels of raw peas depressed daily gain (P = 0.07), feed intake (P = 0.04) from days 21 to 56. Specifically, pigs fed diet with 25% peas had 19 and 25% lower average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI), respectively, than pigs fed the diet with 0% peas. The body weight (BW) was also linearly reduced (P = 0.10) on day 56. However, diets did not affect feed efficiency. Key words: Growth performance, peas, pig

scholarly journals Productivity and aggression at grouping of grower-finisher pigs in large groups

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thusith S Samarakone ◽  
Harold W Gonyou
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
Daily Gain

A total of eight 11-wk trials were conducted to evaluate the productivity and aggression at grouping of grower-finisher pigs [initial body weight (BW) = 31.8 ± 5.4 kg (mean ± SD), n = 2304] in two group size treatments (18 and 108 pigs pen-1). Pigs were housed on fully-slatted floors, provided one wet/dry feeder space for every nine pigs, and a floor space allowance of 0.76 m2 pig-1 in both group sizes. The level of aggression at grouping was recorded for 2 h starting 0, 24 and 48 h following grouping into small and large groups. Pigs were weighed on weeks 0, 2, 5, 7 and 11, and average daily gain (ADG) was obtained. Average daily feed intake (ADFI) was recorded during two periods (weeks 2 to 5 and 7 to 11). There was no difference in percentage of time spent on aggression between two group sizes up to 48 h following grouping. ADG for the entire 11-wk trial was affected (2%) by large group size (0.971 and 0.955 kg d-1 for groups of 18 and 108, respectively; P < 0.05). However, the greatest effect on ADG was observed during the first 2 wk following grouping (0.919 and 0.833 kg d-1 for groups of 18 and 108, respectively; P < 0.001). There were no significant effects due to group size on ADFI, feed efficiency, variability in final BW within a pen, carcass traits or mortality and morbidity (P > 0.05). In summary, the overall productivity and aggression at grouping did not differ substantially between group sizes of 18 and 108 pigs pen-1. Key words: Large groups, grower-finisher, pigs, productivity, aggression

Digestible phosphorus requirement of grower pigs

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Ekpe ◽  
R. T. Zijlstra ◽  
J. F. Patience
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Phosphorus Excretion ◽  
Phosphorus Requirement ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Total P

Phosphorus excretion may have a major impact on the environment if it is not managed properly. The success of management strategies for reducing P excretion of pigs is dependent partly on more accurate estimates of P requirements, specifically digestible instead of total P requirements. Performance and metabolism studies were conducted to determine digestible P requirements of grower pigs based on performance, plasma and bone P, and P excretion and retention variables, using 200 pigs (23 ± 0.9 kg) and 20 barrows (54 ± 3.1 kg), respectively. Pigs were fed one of five concentrations of dietary digestible P (0.19, 0.24, 0.33, 0.35, and 0.38%). Increasing digestible P quadratically increased average daily gain (ADG) (P < 0.01), feed intake (P < 0.05), and feed efficiency (P < 0.001). Barrows had a higher ADG than gilts (0.890 vs. 0.838 kg d-1; P < 0.05); however, digestible P requirement was higher for gilts than for barrows (6.92 vs. 6.17 g d-1 or 0.36 vs. 0.32% in diet; P < 0.05). In barrows, increasing digestible P intake quadratically increased P in plasma and urine (P < 0.01), and linearly increased P in faeces (P < 0.01), suggesting that P excretion depends on excess P intake. Using regression analysis, digestible P requirements were 6.45 g d-1 with ADG, 7.46 g d-1 with bone P, 6.01 g d-1 with plasma P, 3.61 g d-1 with urinary P, 5.86 g d-1 with retained P, and 5.11 g d-1 with retained N. Feeding P closer to pig requirements will reduce P excretion. Key words: Phosphorus, requirement, pig

Comparison of growth and feed efficiency of steers fed barley and triticale diets

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Goonewardene ◽  
J. A. Basarab ◽  
D. R. Zobell
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Daily Gain

Steers fed triticale adapted to the diet more slowly than those fed barley, resulting in reduced overall feed intake (9.4 vs. 10.5 kg d−1, P = 0.08) and average daily gain (ADG) (1.3 vs. 1.5 kg d−1, P = 0.08). No difference was detected in feed:gain ratio (7.1 vs. 6.8, P = 0.65). The reduced ADG in the triticale-fed steers may be due to reduced feed intake and the longer time required to adapt. Key words: Barley, triticale, steers, intake, performance, growth

POTENTIAL OF TRITICALE AS A FEED FOR FINISHING HEIFERS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 325-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. ZOBELL ◽  
L. A. GOONEWAR-DENE ◽  
D. F. ENGSTROM
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Barley Silage ◽  
Daily Gain

Commercial heifers (n = 120) were randomly assigned to 12 pens (10 heifers/pen) and fed one of four grain diets in combination with barley silage and vitamin premix. Treatments were 100% barley control, 100% triticale, 50% triticale 50% barley, 25% triticale 75% barley. Treatment differences were not significant (P > 0.05) for body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), feed intake (FI) and feed:gain (FG).ADG, FI and FG for the 100% triticale treatment were 1.24 kg d−1, 7.88 kg d−1 and 6.29 kg kg−1 respectively, while in the control they were 1.23 kg d−1, 8.03 kg d and 6.39 kg kg−1. Key words: Triticale, heifers, body weight, feed:gain

Nutritive value of sausage casings from processed cattle hides

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-463
Author(s):  
G. M. J. Horton ◽  
H. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Daily Gain

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the nutritive value of sausage casings prepared from cattle hides as a protein source for day-old hybrid (Hubbard × Hubbard) broiler chickens. The results demonstrate that sausage casings are an available protein source for broiler chicks that can be substituted for soybean meal at levels up to 8% of the feed without affecting average daily gain and feed efficiency. Key words: Sausage casings, cattle hides, broiler chickens, collagen, gelatin

Short Communication: Effect of dietary lysine content and sanitation conditions on performance of weaned pigs fed antibiotic-free diets

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Kahindi ◽  
J. K. Htoo ◽  
C. M. Nyachoti
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
Communication Effect ◽  
Daily Gain

Kahindi, R. K., Htoo, J. K. and Nyachoti, C. M. 2014. Short Communication: Effect of dietary lysine content and sanitation conditions on performance of weaned pigs fed antibiotic-free diets. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 115–118. One hundred and ninety-two piglets (7.2±0.50 kg body weight) were fed corn–wheat–soybean meal based-diets to determine dietary Lys requirement in a 2×4 factorial setting [two sanitation conditions (SC): clean and unclean, and four dietary lysine contents: 0.94, 1.09, 1.25 and 1.43%]. The average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed ratio (G:F) linearly increased (P<0.05) with dietary lysine contents, but were lower (P<0.0001) under unclean sanitation conditions from day 0 to 7 but not from day 8 to 21. Overall, dietary lysine contents did not affect average daily feed intake (ADFI), but unclean sanitation conditions reduced (P<0.01) ADFI; however, ADG was increased by both dietary lysine contents and SC? (P<0.001), whereas only dietary lysine contents affected G:F.

scholarly journals 88 Dietary supplementation of branched-chain amino acids higher than recommended levels in nursery pigs fed with moderately low protein diet: effects on growth performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 82-82
Author(s):  
Mohammad Habibi ◽  
Cedrick N Shili ◽  
Julia Sutton ◽  
Adel Pezeshki
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Feed cost and excess nutrients excretion are threatening the swine industry. Moderately low protein (MLP) diets are less expensive and reduce the nitrogen excretion, but they may have negative influence on growth performance of pigs. The aim of current study was to investigate the effect of MLP diets supplemented with branched-chain amino acids (BCAA; leucine, isoleucine and valine) higher than Nutrients Requirements of Swine (NRC) recommendation on the growth performance of nursery pigs. Forty-eight weaned barrows at 3 weeks of age were weighed, individually housed and randomly assigned to 6 dietary treatments including: 1) PCON: 20% crude protein (CP), 2) NCON: 14% CP; 3) C25: NCON+ limiting amino acids (LAA, i.e. lysine, methionine, threonine, and tryptophan) 25% more than NRC levels, 4) C50: NCON+LAA 50% higher than NRC recommendations; 5) CB25: NCON + (LAA+BCAA) 25% more than NRC; 6) CB50: NCON + (LAA+BCAA) 50% higher than NRC. The data were analyzed with univariate GLM with Tukey’s post-hoc test (SPSS®). The CB50 had higher final body weight, average daily gain, average daily water intake and average daily feed intake than C50 with the latter tended to be higher than NCON. Average daily feed intake, average daily gain and gain to feed ratio tended to be greater for CB25 and CB50 relative to C25 and C50, respectively. Compared to C50, CB50 improved the mean and cumulative feed intake in all the weeks. CB50 also tended to improve the body weight gain and gain: feed in week 2 relative to C50. In conclusion, supplementing MLP diets with limiting amino acid at 25% or 50% higher than NRC recommendations was failed to recover the negative effects of these diets on growth performance. Adding BCAA more than NRC levels to MLP diets improved the growth performance with the effects of added BCAA level being negligible.

scholarly journals 268 Administering an appeasing substance to optimize welfare and performance of receiving cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 193-193
Author(s):  
Eduardo Colombo ◽  
Reinaldo F Cooke ◽  
Alice Brandão ◽  
Jacob Wiegand ◽  
Kelsey Schubach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Skin Area ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract This experiment evaluated the impacts of bovine appeasing substance (BAS) administration on performance, health, and physiological responses of feedlot cattle during a 45-d receiving period. A total of 342 recently-weaned Angus-influenced steers, originating from 16 cow-calf operations, were obtained from an auction yard on d -1 and road-transported (12 h) to the feedlot. Upon arrival on d 0, body weight (BW) was recorded and steers were ranked by BW and source and assigned to receive BAS (Nutricorp, Araras, SP, Brazil; n = 171) or placebo (diethylene glycol monoethyl ether; CON; n = 171). Treatments (5 mL) were topically applied to the nuchal skin area of each animal. Within treatment, calves were allocated to 1 of 24 drylot pens (12 pens/treatment) and received a free choice total-mixed ration from d 1 to 45. Calves were assessed for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) signs and feed intake was recorded from each pen daily. Steer BW was again recorded on d 1, 7, 17, 31, and 45, whereas blood samples were collected from 5 steers/pen concurrently with each BW assessment. Average daily gain was greater (P = 0.05) in BAS vs. CON calves, although final BW did not differ (P = 0.36) between treatments. No treatment effects were detected for feed intake (P = 0.95), resulting in greater (P = 0.05) feed efficiency in BAS vs. CON steers. No treatment effects were detected (P ≥ 0.37) for plasma concentrations of haptoglobin, whereas plasma cortisol concentrations were greater (P = 0.05) in CON vs. BAS steers on d 7 (treatment × day; P = 0.07). Incidence of BRD was greater (P ≤ 0.05) in BAS vs. CON on d 6 to 10 and d 18 to 21 (treatment × day; P &lt; 0.01), although overall BRD incidence did not differ (P = 0.24) between treatments. The number of antimicrobial treatments required per steer diagnosed with BRD symptoms to recover from sickness was greater (P = 0.04) in CON vs. BAS calves. No treatment differences were detected (P ≥ 0.41) for mortality incidence, or proportion of steers removed from the experiment due to extreme sickness. Results from this experiment indicate BAS administration upon feedlot entry improved average daily gain by enhancing feed efficiency. Administration of BAS facilitated earlier detection of BRD and reduced the need for antimicrobial treatments. Collectively, these results suggest BAS administration as a promising strategy to benefit performance and immunocompetence of feedlot receiving cattle.

PSIV-2 A comparison of feedlot growth and performance of beef x Holstein crossbred steers and Holstein steers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 298-299
Author(s):  
Bailey L Basiel ◽  
Chad D Dechow ◽  
Tara L Felix
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Objectives were to compare feedlot performance and carcass traits of F1 beef × Holstein steers and Holstein steers. Angus or Limousin × Holstein crossbred [n = 27; age = 12 ± 3 months; body weight (BW) = 435 ± 8 kg] and Holstein (n = 20; age = 11 ± 2 months; BW = 400 ± 9 kg) steers were fed at the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture Livestock Evaluation Center for 111 days. Feed intake was recorded using the GrowSafe Feed Intake Monitoring System (Model 4000E, GrowSafe Systems Ltd., Calgary AB, Canada). The diet contained corn silage, dried distillers grains, soybean meal, and cracked corn and was formulated to meet or exceed the requirements of beef cattle (NASEM, 2016). Growth performance variables of interest and carcass measurements were analyzed with the Mixed procedure of SAS (SAS 9.4; SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). USDA assigned quality grades (QG) and yield grades (YG) were analyzed the with GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Breed was a fixed effect in all models. There were no differences (P &gt; 0.05) between breeds in average daily gain or feed efficiency. Crossbreds exceeded Holsteins in initial (P &lt; 0.01) and final BW (P = 0.01), dry matter intake (P = 0.03), hot carcass weight (P &lt; 0.01), backfat (P = 0.03), and ribeye area (REA; P &lt; 0.01). Thirty-five percent (35%) of the Holsteins received a QG of Choice or above while 74% of crossbreds graded USDA Choice or above (P = 0.01). However, 75% of Holsteins were YG 2 or lower while only 45% of crossbreds achieved YG 2 or less (P = 0.05). There was no improvement in efficiency when crossbreds were compared to Holsteins; however, carcasses from crossbreds were more likely to grade USDA Choice or above while yielding greater REA and backfat than Holsteins.

scholarly journals Body composition and net and dietary macrominerals requirements of Nellore steers under grazing

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1081-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor Visintin Silva de Almeida ◽  
Augusto César de Queiroz ◽  
Robério Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Fabiano Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Aline Cardoso Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Animal Body ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dietary Requirements ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
Daily Gain

This experiment was carried out with the objective of determining the macrominerals (Ca, P, Mg, K and Na) requirements of Nellore steers under grazing. Twenty four Nellore steers (371 ± 14 kg of BW and 26 mo old) were used. Four steers were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment (reference group), serving as a reference in subsequent study. The remaining 20 animals were weighed and distributed into a completely randomized design with four supplementation levels offer: 0.0 (mineral mixture - control), 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9% of BW, with five replications. The supplements, based on ground corn, soybean meal and/or urea, were previously balanced to achieve an average daily gain of 350, 650 and 850g, respectively, for the different supplementation levels offer. The contents of macrominerals retained in the animal body were determined by regression equations of the macrominerals body content logarithm in function of the empty body weight logarithm (EBW). Net macrominerals requirements for a gain of 1kg of EBW were obtained using the equation Y'= b.10ª.Xb-1, with a and b, respectively, the intercept and the regression coefficient of the prediction equations of macrominerals in the animal body contents for each macromineral considered. The concentrations of all macrominerals, in the empty body weight and gain of the empty body weight, decreased with the increase in the body weight. Total calcium and phosphorus dietary requirements are higher than those recommended in the literature.

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