GENOTYPE × ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS FOR POSTWEANING GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BACKCROSS BULLS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. RAHNEFELD ◽  
R. M. McKAY ◽  
H. T. FREDEEN ◽  
G. M. WEISS ◽  
J. A. NEWMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ge Interaction ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Daily Gain

The effects of pretest and genotype × environment (GE) interactions of 137 reciprocal backcross bulls produced under two contrasting environments (Brandon, Manitoba and Manyberries, Alberta) were evaluated for postweaning performance traits. Differences in weaning weight and average daily gain during the pretest periods defined as preweaning (ADGBW), weaning to on-test (ADGWT), and birth to on-test (ADGBT) associated with the fixed effects of station of origin, breed cross and station of origin by test were not significant. Station of test effects were significant (P = 0.0001) for ADGWT and ADGBT. None of the GE interactions involving the station of origin was significant (P > 0.10) for the postweaning growth traits and probabilities exceeded 0.20 for all but three of the 40 traits. The GE interactions involving station of test were nonsignificant (P > 0.20) for all but eight traits. All of these exceptions involved the cumulative average daily gain in the eight periods which excluded the first 14 d of test. Although the GE interaction for average daily gain for 140 d of test was not significant there were substantial breed cross differences in growth rates at the two test locations. Users of performance test results, however, are generally concerned with absolute performance values, not statistically significant differences. Viewed in this context, the differential responses of genotypes under different test environments, even though statistically nonsignificant, could have important implications to the industry. Key words: Cattle, postweaning growth, genotype × environment interaction

scholarly journals Sources of variability of growth and body development traits of Simmental bulls in performance test

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-348
Author(s):  
M. Lazarevic ◽  
D. Niksic ◽  
V. Pantelic ◽  
N. Stanisic ◽  
N. Delic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Development ◽  
High Level ◽  
Daily Gain

To test the variability of traits of Simmental bulls in performance test, data of the Livestock - Veterinary Centres for Reproduction and Artificial Insemination of Velika Plana and Krnjaca were used. In the analysis, data on 113 performance tested bulls born from 2008 to 2009 were used. The analysis included two sets of characteristics: body development traits and growth traits. The average body mass of calves entering the test was 195.75 kg, while the body mass at the end of the test was 476.50 kg, average daily gain in the test was 1138.69 g. Average values of body development traits measured at the end of the test, with 12 months of age were: height at withers 127.13 cm, chest circumference 179.42 cm, the chest depth 61.19 cm and body length 151.34 cm. The influence of their sires, the year and the Centre on the variability of traits was studied. The effect of age is present at a high level of statistical significance (p<0.01) for all traits that are registered at the end of the test, while the effect of the Centre was present in the variability of body mass at the end of the test, the daily gain in the test and the length of the body. The bulls-sires' influence was demonstrated (p<0.05) on the variability in body mass of calves entering the test.

scholarly journals A DdeI PCR-RFLP detecting a novel missense mutation of the POU1F1 gene showed no effects on growth traits in cattle

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 532-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.Y. Pan ◽  
X.Y. Lan ◽  
H. Chen ◽  
D.Y. Yang ◽  
L.S. Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Chinese Cattle ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Daily Gain

In this study, a novel missense (NM_174579:c.1201C>T) mutation in exon 6 at the bovine <I>POU1F1</I> locus is reported, which results in p.S284F, namely, Ser (TCT) > Phe (TTT) at position 284 of the mature protein. A <I>Dde</I>I PCR-RFLP was used to determine the genotypes. The polymorphism was studied in eight Chinese cattle breeds (Nanyang, <I>n</I> = 251; Qinchuan, 149; Jiaxian Red, 144; Chinese Holstein, 61; Luxi, 57; Angus, 49; Jinnan, 60; Guyuan, 192). The frequencies of the <I>POU1F1 T</I> allele in the analyzed populations ranged from 0.010 to 0.053. The relationships between the <I>Dde</I>I polymorphism and growth traits and body sizes were analyzed by adjusted linear model in 251 Nanyang cattle. Fixed effects of marker genotype, birth year, season of birth (spring vs. fall), age of dam, sire, farm and sex, and random effects of an animal were included. Statistical evaluation revealed no significant relationships between this polymorphism and birth weight, body weight and average daily gain for different growth periods (6-month old, 12-month old, 18-month old and 24-month old) body height, body length, heart girth and height at the hip cross for different growth periods (<I>P</I> > 0.05).

PRETEST HERD EFFECTS ON STATION PERFORMANCE TEST

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 925-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. W. TONG ◽  
J. A. NEWMAN ◽  
G. W. RAHNEFELD
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Covariance Components ◽  
Variance And Covariance Components ◽  
Daily Gain

Effects of herd of origin and the relationships between pretest and station test environments were examined from pre- and postweaning performance records of 1675 crossbred male and female calves of Hereford, Angus and Shorthorn dams, sired by 20 Charolais, 12 Simmental and 15 Limousin sires. The calves were born during 1969–1972 and raised to weaning in 45 herds from Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, and were then transported to the Brandon or the Lacombe Research Station for a 140-d postweaning performance test. Fixed effects and variance and covariance components were estimated from a mixed model which included fixed effects of herd-year, sex of calf and breed of sire and random sire effects. Herd-year effects were significant (P < 0.01) for all performance traits studied. Herd-year mean squares expressed as a percentage of the corrected total sum of squares accounted for 25.81% in the pretest period to a maximum of 54.26% in the warm-up period and then decreased to 6.78% in the 140-d period. Herd-year differences were relatively small in the later part of the test. Correlations of herd-year solutions ranged from −0.10 to 0.05 and of environments ranged from −0.09 to 0.02 between pretest average daily gain (ADG) and ADG at various test intervals. The low environmental correlations suggest that the performance of calves centrally tested at the Brandon and Lacombe Research Stations were not affected by the pre-test herd environment. Key words: Beef cattle, station test, pretest herd effects, environmental correlation

Environmental variation and breed sensitivity for growth rate and backfat depth in pigs

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Li ◽  
S. Hermesch
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
Environmental Variation ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Large White ◽  
Birth Month ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Daily Gain

This study investigated the magnitude of environmental variation and compared the environmental sensitivity of Large White, Landrace and Duroc pigs based on reaction norms analyses for lifetime average daily gain (ADG) and backfat depth (BF). Data comprised 265 165 records collected between 2000 and 2010 on pigs from nine herds in Australia. Four environmental descriptors [the phenotypic mean and three least-squares means of contemporary groups (CG) of linear mixed models fitting fixed effects only or fitting sire or animal as additional random effects] were compared in order to quantify the environmental variation based on herd-by-birth month (HBM) and herd-by-birth week (HBW) CG for ADG and BF. Similar levels of variation were found for environmental descriptors based on HBM or HBW CG definitions for both traits but the accuracy of estimates for environmental descriptors was higher for HBM than HBW. The standard deviations of environmental descriptors were 31 (35) g/day for ADG and 1.0 (1.1) mm for BF based on the animal model fitting HBM (HBW), which are similar to the genetic standard deviations usually observed for these traits. Most of this variation in environmental conditions was also observed within years and within herds. Landrace had the highest ADG and Large White had the lowest BF across the environmental range. Significant breed-by-environment interaction was found for ADG but not for BF. Duroc was least sensitive and Large White was most sensitive indicating that the leaner breed was less able to perform consistently across the observed range of environmental conditions in this study.

Genetic parameter estimates for growth traits of Gansu Alpine Finewool sheep

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhui Li ◽  
Ian W. Purvis
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Western China ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Likelihood Ratio Testing ◽  
Daily Gain

Estimation of genetic parameters for growth traits of Gansu Alpine Finewool sheep that separately identify maternal effects has not been previously conducted. (Co)variance components and corresponding genetic parameters for lamb growth traits were estimated from Gansu Alpine Finewool sheep maintained at Gansu Sheep Breeding Technology Extension Station in north-western China. Records of 17 703 lambs at birth, born over 9 years (2000–2008) and sired by 315 rams, were used in the study. Birth type, sex, dam age, record age and birth year were fitted as fixed effects. Analyses were carried out using a restricted maximum likelihood procedure (ASReml). Six different animal models were fitted for all traits and the most appropriate model was selected through log-likelihood ratio testing. After identifying the appropriate model through single-trait analysis, bivariate analyses were used to obtain the phenotypic and genetic correlations among the growth traits. In addition to the direct genetic effect, and maternal genetic effects, significant negative correlations between direct genetic and maternal genetic effects were found for all the growth traits. The maternal permanent environmental effects were only significant for birthweight, weaning weight and pre-weaning growth rate. The estimates of direct heritability for birthweight, weaning weight, pre-weaning average daily gain, post-weaning average daily gain and yearling weight were 0.22, 0.16, 0.15, 0.27 and 0.19 respectively. The maternal heritability estimates were relatively high and ranged from 0.17 to 0.27. The study provides the breed and its associated finewool sheep industry with a more encompassing basis for designing more effective breeding programs for improvement of growth traits of Gansu Alpine Finewool sheep.

scholarly journals Grid search approach to discriminate between old and recent inbreeding using phenotypic, pedigree and genomic information

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pattarapol Sumreddee ◽  
El Hamidi Hay ◽  
Sajjad Toghiani ◽  
Andrew Roberts ◽  
Samuel E. Aggrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Grid Search ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Harmful Effects

Abstract Background Although inbreeding caused by the mating of animals related through a recent common ancestor is expected to have more harmful effects on phenotypes than ancient inbreeding (old inbreeding), estimating these effects requires a clear definition of recent (new) and ancient (old) inbreeding. Several methods have been proposed to classify inbreeding using pedigree and genomic data. Unfortunately, these methods are largely based on heuristic criteria such as the number of generations from a common ancestor or length of runs of homozygosity (ROH) segments. To mitigate these deficiencies, this study aimed to develop a method to classify pedigree and genomic inbreeding into recent and ancient classes based on a grid search algorithm driven by the assumption that new inbreeding tends to have a more pronounced detrimental effect on traits. The proposed method was tested using a cattle population characterized by a deep pedigree. Results Effects of recent and ancient inbreeding were assessed on four growth traits (birth, weaning and yearling weights and average daily gain). Thresholds to classify inbreeding into recent and ancient classes were trait-specific and varied across traits and sources of information. Using pedigree information, inbreeding generated in the last 10 to 11 generations was considered as recent. When genomic information (ROH) was used, thresholds ranged between four to seven generations, indicating, in part, the ability of ROH segments to characterize the harmful effects of inbreeding in shorter periods of time. Nevertheless, using the proposed classification method, the discrimination between new and old inbreeding was less robust when ROH segments were used compared to pedigree. Using several model comparison criteria, the proposed approach was generally better than existing methods. Recent inbreeding appeared to be more harmful across the growth traits analyzed. However, both new and old inbreeding were found to be associated with decreased yearling weight and average daily gain. Conclusions The proposed method provided a more objective quantitative approach for the classification of inbreeding. The proposed method detected a clear divergence in the effects of old and recent inbreeding using pedigree data and it was superior to existing methods for all analyzed traits. Using ROH data, the discrimination between old and recent inbreeding was less clear and the proposed method was superior to existing approaches for two out of the four analyzed traits. Deleterious effects of recent inbreeding were detected sooner (fewer generations) using genomic information than pedigree. Difference in the results using genomic and pedigree information could be due to the dissimilarity in the number of generations to a common ancestor. Additionally, the uncertainty associated with the identification of ROH segments and associated inbreeding could have an effect on the results. Potential biases in the estimation of inbreeding effects may occur when new and old inbreeding are discriminated based on arbitrary thresholds. To minimize the impact of inbreeding, mating designs should take the different inbreeding origins into consideration.

GENOTYPE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION OF YIELD IN CEREAL CROPS IN NORTHWESTERN CANADA

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. De PAUW ◽  
D. G. FARIS ◽  
C. J. WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Ge Interaction ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Frost Free Period ◽  
Main Effects

Three cultivars of each crop, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), oats (Avena sativa L.), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), were grown for 4 yr at five locations north of the 55th parallel in northwestern Canada. There were highly significant differences among all main effects and interactions. Galt barley produced the highest seed yield followed by Centennial barley, Random oats and Harmon oats. Victory oats, Olli barley, Neepawa wheat and Pitic 62 wheat yielded similarly to each other while Thatcher wheat was significantly lower yielding. Mean environment yields ranged from 2080 to 5610 kg/ha. The genotype-environment (GE) interaction of species and cultivars was sufficiently complicated that it could not be characterized by one or two statistics (e.g., stability variances or regression coefficients). However, variability in frost-free period among years and locations contributed to the GE interaction because, for example, some cultivars yielded well (e.g., Pitic 62) only in those year-location environments with a relatively long frost-free period while other early maturing cultivars (e.g., Olli) performed well even in a short frost-free period environment.

Joint effect of 21 marker loci and effect of realized inbreeding on growth in pigs

1996 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Christensen ◽  
M. Fredholm ◽  
A. K. Winterø ◽  
J. N. Jørgensen ◽  
S. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Identical By Descent ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Marker Loci ◽  
Daily Gain

AbstractFour litters produced by father-daughter matings (back crosses) resulting in 35 animals with a theoretical inbreeding coefficient of 25% were typed with 21 independent informative markers. The differences between the two founder animals were estimated, based on the marker information, and it was found that the founder boar had higher genetic potential for proportion of lean meat and lower genetic potential for groivth than the founder sow. The proportion of the genome of each offspring which was identical by descent was investigated. On the basis of these markers the realized inbreeding was found to vary between 7 and 47%. The linear decrease in weight at days 1, 26 and 136, average daily gain and proportion of lean meat regressed on the realized inbreeding were estimated to 0·6 kg, 2·4 kg, 18 kg, 95 g/day and 15 g/kg, respectively. For weight at day 88 a corresponding linear increase of 11 kg was observed. The joint effect of founder differences and realized inbreeding were as expected negative and statistically significant for all growth traits.

scholarly journals Genotype-environment interaction, genetic trends, and performance dissimilarity of Nellore herds raised in three different environmental gradients

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Julio Cesar de Souza ◽  
Fabio Rafael Leão Fialho ◽  
Marcos Paulo Gonçalves Rezende ◽  
Carlos Henrique Cavallari Machado ◽  
Mariana Pereira Alencar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Genetic Trends

The objectives of this work were to evaluate the genotype-environment interaction, and estimate genetic parameters, genetic trends, and performance dissimilarity-weight gain from birth to weaning (WGBW), adjusted weight to 205 days (W205), weight gain from weaning to 18 months of age (WG18), and adjusted weight to 550 days (W550)-in Nellore animals born between 1986 and 2012, and raised in pasture-based system in three different environmental gradients in Brazil. Data of 62,001 animals-11,729 raised in the Alto Taquari/Bolsão region (ATBR), 21,143 raised in the Campo Grande/Dourados region (CGDR) and 29,129 raised in the western São Paulo/Paraná region (SPPR) in Brazil-were used. The contemporary groups were defined by sex, location, and birth year and season, with at least nine individuals, two different environments, and breeding bulls with at least five progenies. The statistical model contained the direct additive and residual genetic effects (random effects), and environmental and contemporary group effects (fixed effects). Genetic parameters, genotype-environment interaction and genetic trends were estimates using animal model (uni- and/or bi- traits). The level of similarity between regions was evaluated using principal components. The animals raised in the CGDR had superior performance regarding the traits evaluated. The direct heritability estimates ranged from 0.39 to 0.44 (WGBW), 0.41 to 0.45 (W205), 0.42 to 0.55 (WG18) and 0.60 to 0.62 (W550). The maternal heritability of the traits ranged from 0.20 (WGBW), 0.12 to 0.18 (W205), 0.00 to 0.06 (WG18) and 0.02 to 0.22 (W550). According to the Spearman correlation, the ranking of the breeding bulls in the regions evaluated were different. The mean of Euclidean distance indicated low similarity between ATBR and CGDR (43.20), and ATBR and SPPR (29.24). CGDR and SPPR presented similarity of 17.84. The breed values increased over the years in the traits evaluated. The cumulative variance percentage of the first two main components explained 99.99% variation among the regions, and the weight gains of the animals were the most important to differentiate the regions. A genotype-environment interaction was found for the traits evaluated, thus, the breeding bull selected with superior genetic merit for one region might not be the best for others.

scholarly journals 209 Genomic selection for multiple maternal and growth traits in large white pigs using Single-Step GBLUP

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 42-42
Author(s):  
Breno Fragomeni ◽  
Zulma Vitezica ◽  
Justine Liu ◽  
Yijian Huang ◽  
Kent Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Computing Time ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
Genomic Evaluation ◽  
Large White ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract The objective of this study was to implement a multi-trait genomic evaluation for maternal and growth traits in a swine population. Phenotypes for preweaning mortality, litter size, weaning weight, and average daily gain were available for 282K Large White pigs. The pedigree included 314k individuals, of which 35,731 were genotyped for 45K SNPs. Variance components were estimated in a multi-trait animal model without genomic information by AIREMLF90. Genomic breeding values were estimated using the genomic information by single-step GBLUP. The algorithm for proven and young (APY) was used to reduce computing time. Genetic correlation between proportion and the total number of preweaning deaths was 0.95. A strong, positive genetic correlation was also observed between weaning weight and average daily gain (r = 0.94). Conversely, the genetic correlations between mortality and growth traits were negative, with an average of -0.7. To avoid computations by expensive threshold models, preweaning mortality was transformed from a binary trait to two linear dam traits: proportion and a total number of piglets dead before weaning. Because of the high genetic correlations within groups of traits, inclusion of only one growth and one mortality trait in the model decreases computing time and allows for the inclusion of other traits. Reduction in computing time for the evaluation using APY was up to 20x, and no differences in EPD ranking were observed. The algorithm for proven and young improves the efficiency of genomic evaluation in swine without harming the quality of predictions. For this population, a binary trait of mortality can be replaced by a linear trait of the dam, resulting in a similar ranking for the selection candidates.

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