PRETEST HERD EFFECTS ON STATION PERFORMANCE TEST

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 925-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. W. TONG ◽  
J. A. NEWMAN ◽  
G. W. RAHNEFELD
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Covariance Components ◽  
Variance And Covariance Components ◽  
Daily Gain

Effects of herd of origin and the relationships between pretest and station test environments were examined from pre- and postweaning performance records of 1675 crossbred male and female calves of Hereford, Angus and Shorthorn dams, sired by 20 Charolais, 12 Simmental and 15 Limousin sires. The calves were born during 1969–1972 and raised to weaning in 45 herds from Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, and were then transported to the Brandon or the Lacombe Research Station for a 140-d postweaning performance test. Fixed effects and variance and covariance components were estimated from a mixed model which included fixed effects of herd-year, sex of calf and breed of sire and random sire effects. Herd-year effects were significant (P < 0.01) for all performance traits studied. Herd-year mean squares expressed as a percentage of the corrected total sum of squares accounted for 25.81% in the pretest period to a maximum of 54.26% in the warm-up period and then decreased to 6.78% in the 140-d period. Herd-year differences were relatively small in the later part of the test. Correlations of herd-year solutions ranged from −0.10 to 0.05 and of environments ranged from −0.09 to 0.02 between pretest average daily gain (ADG) and ADG at various test intervals. The low environmental correlations suggest that the performance of calves centrally tested at the Brandon and Lacombe Research Stations were not affected by the pre-test herd environment. Key words: Beef cattle, station test, pretest herd effects, environmental correlation

scholarly journals PSVIII-4 Live growth performance of Jersey steers using an aggressive implant strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 304-304
Author(s):  
Tylo J Kirkpatrick ◽  
Sierra L Pillmore ◽  
Kimberly Cooper ◽  
Travis Tennant ◽  
Ty Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract This experiment was designed to study the effect of days on feed and an aggressive implant strategy on Jersey steer growth performance. Steers (n = 30; start of trial body weight (BW) 183 ± 43 kg) were randomly assigned to one of two treatments; negative control (CON) or implanted with Revalor 200 every 70 d (REV; d 0, d 70, d 140, d 210, d 280, d 350) for a total of 6 implants. Steers were weighed every 35 d and daily feed delivery was recorded daily. Data for dry matter intake (DMI) and gain to feed ratio (G:F) were analyzed via a mixed model; the fixed effects were day and treatment. Live growth BW and average daily gain (ADG) used day as the repeated measure and animal as the subject in a repeated measures analysis. Change in BW increased linearly (P &lt; 0.01); treatments differed in BW from d 280 through d 350 (P &lt; 0.01). Average daily gain decreased (P &lt; 0.01) linearly and differed (P &lt; 0.01) at d 70, d 140, d 280, and d 350, but not (P ≥ 0.10) at d 210 or d 420. Dry matter intake was greater (P &lt; 0.05) for REV steers (7.6 kg/d) than CON (6.8 kg/d). Gain to feed ratio did not differ (P ≥ 0.78) between CON steers (0.13 kg/kg dry matter (DM)) and REV (0.14 kg/kg DM) steers, yet G:F differed (P &lt; 0.01) amongst periods (d 70 = 0.21 kg/kg, d 140 = 0.16 kg/kg, d 210 = 0.15 kg/kg, d 280 = 0.13 kg/kg, d 350 = 0.08 kg/kg, d 420 = 0.08 kg/kg). Aggressively implanting Jersey steers improved growth performance by 9.6%, 13.2%, 11.3%, and 7.7% for BW, ADG, DMI, and G:F, respectively.

scholarly journals PSI-25 The effect of growth rate on the uterine environment in beef heifers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 271-271
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M Chaney ◽  
Taylor D Harrison ◽  
Kiernan J Brandt ◽  
Liesel G Schneider ◽  
Rebecca R Payton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Mixed Model Anova ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Uterine Environment ◽  
Distillers Grain ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Replacement heifers provide the foundation of breeding herds by incorporating new and improving genetics. Growth rate (GR) manipulation during heifer development may alter the uterine environment via immune response impacting reproductive function. Angus-crossbred heifers (n = 48) were blocked into 4 weight classes and randomly assigned to one of three treatments: 1) control (CON) fed to gain 0.68 kg/day for 120 d, 2) fast to slow (F/S) fed to achieve 1.25 kg/day for 57 d, then 0.11 kg/day for 63 d, and 3) slow to fast (S/F) fed to achieve 0.11 kg/day for 57 d, then 1.25 kg/day for 63 d. Heifers were supplemented (75% dry distillers grain and 25% corn) four times weekly to achieve desired GR and offered ad libitum forage and water. Blood, BW and BCS were taken every two wks beginning at the start of treatment (d 0) and supplements were adjusted following BW measurement. Uterine and vaginal flushes were taken at d 0, 57, and 120 to determine cytokine and hormone presence. Mixed model ANOVA utilized fixed effects of treatment, day, and their interaction to analyze influence of GR on BW, BCS, average daily gain (ADG), and feed:gain (F:G). All BW were similar until the GR switch; CON and S/F decreased for 3 samples and then returned to similarity (P=0.06). ADG was lower in CON and S/F immediately following GR switch; however, all treatments were similar before and after this event (P=0.0054). All maintained similar F:G until F/S decreased after GR switch (P=0.01). Total F:G was similar for all treatments (CON=18.3, F/S=26.5, S/F=22.7; P=0.25) In conclusion, altering GR during development will allow producers to hit growth thresholds but may impact the uterine environment. We plan to further elucidate the immune profile via cytokine and hormone concentrations from uterine and vaginal flushes.

GENOTYPE × ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS FOR POSTWEANING GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BACKCROSS BULLS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. RAHNEFELD ◽  
R. M. McKAY ◽  
H. T. FREDEEN ◽  
G. M. WEISS ◽  
J. A. NEWMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ge Interaction ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Daily Gain

The effects of pretest and genotype × environment (GE) interactions of 137 reciprocal backcross bulls produced under two contrasting environments (Brandon, Manitoba and Manyberries, Alberta) were evaluated for postweaning performance traits. Differences in weaning weight and average daily gain during the pretest periods defined as preweaning (ADGBW), weaning to on-test (ADGWT), and birth to on-test (ADGBT) associated with the fixed effects of station of origin, breed cross and station of origin by test were not significant. Station of test effects were significant (P = 0.0001) for ADGWT and ADGBT. None of the GE interactions involving the station of origin was significant (P > 0.10) for the postweaning growth traits and probabilities exceeded 0.20 for all but three of the 40 traits. The GE interactions involving station of test were nonsignificant (P > 0.20) for all but eight traits. All of these exceptions involved the cumulative average daily gain in the eight periods which excluded the first 14 d of test. Although the GE interaction for average daily gain for 140 d of test was not significant there were substantial breed cross differences in growth rates at the two test locations. Users of performance test results, however, are generally concerned with absolute performance values, not statistically significant differences. Viewed in this context, the differential responses of genotypes under different test environments, even though statistically nonsignificant, could have important implications to the industry. Key words: Cattle, postweaning growth, genotype × environment interaction

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF INITIAL AGE AND WEIGHT ON TEST DAILY GAINS OF STATION-TESTED BULLS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. W. TONG
Keyword(s):  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Environmental Correlation ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Daily Gain

Average daily gain (ADG) of 8620 bulls of the Angus, Charolais, Hereford, Limousin, Simmental and Shorthorn breeds, tested during 1969–1980 from 15 performance test stations across Canada was used to assess the effects of initial age and weight on test ADG and to estimate the environmental correlations between pretest and on-test ADG. From a linear model which included effects of station-years, breeds and the within-breed linear covariates of initial age and weight, the linear partial regressions for initial age were only significant for Angus (P < 0.05) and Limousin (P < 0.01), suggesting initial age has little effect on on-test ADG within the age range covered by these data. The linear partial regression values of on-test ADG on initial weight, ranging from 0.30 (for Charolais) to 0.86 (for Angus) g/kg were significant for all breeds, except for Simmental, indicating bulls with the highest initial weight for a given age would be expected to make the greatest gain on test. The phenotypic correlations between pretest and on-test ADG were low with values ranging from 0.02 to −0.15. Highly significant (P < 0.01) environmental correlations were found, ranging from −0.27 for Angus to −0.62 for Limousin when the same set of genetic parameters was assumed for all breeds, ranging from −0.22 for Shorthorn to −0.52 for Charolais when breed-specific genetic parameters were used. These environmental correlations suggest that differential degrees of compensatory growth likely occurred during the test period and bulls from a poor pretest environment tended to gain more than bulls from a better pretest environment. Results of this study support frequently expressed concern about the existence of pretest farms effects. Key words: Station test, gain on test, age, weight, environmental correlation

scholarly journals ÉTUDE SUR LES PORCS DE RACE CONTRÔLÉS À LA FERME AU QUÉBEC. 2. ESTIMATION DES PARAMÈTRES GÉNÉTIQUES ET PHÉNOTYPIQUES

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1063-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
YVAN SAVOIE ◽  
FRANCIS MINVIELLE
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Minimum Variance ◽  
Unbiased Estimation ◽  
Parity Number ◽  
Variance And Covariance Components ◽  
Daily Gain

Variance and covariance components were estimated from 94 161 observations of growth and backfat taken on purebred pigs born from 8561 sows and 1431 boars. The mixed model used had herd, year-season, parents' birth years, gender and parity number as fixed effects and sire and dam as random effects. Each breed, Yorkshire, Landrace, Hampshire and Duroc, was studied separately. Several statistical methods of estimation were used but resulting values of heritability were generally quite similar. Heritability of growth traits obtained from MIVQUEO (minimum variance quadratic unbiased estimation) was between 0.21 and 0.40, depending on the breed. Heritability of backfat depth was larger, from 0.49 to 0.77. Genetic correlation of daily gain and backfat varied between 0.08 and 0.56; it was between −0.09 and −0.56 for age at 90 kg and backfat. Corresponding phenotypic correlations were smaller in absolute value but had the same sign as genetic correlations. Key words: Pigs, heritabilities, correlations, backfat, growth, index

scholarly journals Performance, carcass traits, and relative organ weight of broiler supplemented by guanidinoacetic acid: A meta-analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 951 (1) ◽  
pp. 012030
Author(s):  
Y Hardiyanto ◽  
A Jayanegara ◽  
R Mutia ◽  
S Nofyangtri
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Guanidinoacetic Acid ◽  
Adenosyl Methionine ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is formed by the arginine and glycine that are catalysed by arginine:glycine amidinotransferase in the kidney. In the liver, GAA is methylated by s-adenosyl methionine and converted to creatine, then deposited into muscle as energy supply. This meta-analysis was done by integrating 20 articles from various journals. Supplementation doses ranged from 0 to 8000 ppm/kg feed. The mixed model methodology was employed with GAA level and broiler strain as fixed effects and studies as random effects. The results showed that increasing GAA level improved average daily gain day 0-21 and reduced feed conversion ratio day 0-35 (P<0.05). A higher GAA also accompanied by decreasing relative liver weight (P<0.05). GAA supplementation did not affect average daily feed intake and percentage of carcass traits (carcass, legs, breast, wings, drum, thigh) and other parameters such as abdominal fat, gizzard, heart, bursa, thymus and spleen (P>0.05). It was concluded that supplementation of GAA improved the performance of broilers.

Genetic parameters for growth rate and Kleiber ratios of Nellore sheep

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Satish Kumar ◽  
G. Gangaraju ◽  
C. Vijaya Kumar ◽  
Sapna Nath
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Kleiber Ratio ◽  
Nellore Sheep ◽  
Daily Gain

Data on growth traits of Nellore sheep were extracted from the records maintained at Livestock Research Station, Palamaner, Andhra Pradesh, India for a period of five years. The genetic and phenotypic parameters were estimated for growth traits i.e., average daily gain (ADG) from birth to 3 months (ADGa), 3 months to 6 months (ADGb), 6 to 12 months (ADGc) and the corresponding Kleiber ratio (KR) at respective stages of growth. The non genetic factors included in the model were having significance on most of the traits studied. The heritability estimates for ADG and corresponding KR ranged from 0.17 to 0.25. The estimates of genetic correlations among the traits ranged between -0.28 (Ka-Kb) and 0.99 (ADGb-Kb). The moderate estimates of heritability, high and positive genetic correlations among the traits in the study were suggestive of moderate genetic progress in the Nellore breed of sheep through selection.

The genetic foundation of fitness and reproduction traits in Australian pig populations. 2. Relationships between weaning to conception interval, farrowing interval, stayability, and other common reproduction and production traits.

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Tholen ◽  
KL Bunter ◽  
S Hermesch ◽  
HU Graser
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Reproduction Traits ◽  
Daily Gain

Data sets from 2 large Australian piggeries were used to estimate genetic parameters for the traits weaning to conception interval (WCIi-l,i) and farrowing interval (FIi-l,i), number born alive (NBAI), average piglet birthweight (BWi), 21-day litter weight (W21i), and sow stayability (STAYli) recorded for each ith parity, as well as sow average daily gain (ADG) and backfat (BF) recorded at the end of performance test. Over parities and herds, heritabilities for each trait were in the ranges: WCI/FI, 0.0-0.10; NBA, 0.09-0.16; BW, 0.11-0.35; W21, 0.12-0.23; STAYli, 0.02-0.09; ADG, 0.35-0.37; BF, 0.36-0.45. Genetic correlations between NBAl and NBA from later parities were significantly different from 1. In addition, in 1 herd negative genetic correlations (rg = -0.04 to -0.25) were found between sow stayability traits and NBA1, but not NBA recorded in later parities. Stayability was Unfavourably correlated with ADG and BF, and favourably correlated with WCI12. However, WCI12 was unfavourably correlated genetically with BF (rg = -0.24) but uncorrelated with ADG. Antagonistic relationships also existed between NBA and BW, NBA and W21, and BW and STAY. In addition to the traditional traits currently included in pig-breeding programs (e.g. ADG, BF, and NBA), traits such as WCI, BW, and STAY should also be considered as selection criteria to minimise the detrimental effects of antagonistic genetic relationships between traits.

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