scholarly journals A DdeI PCR-RFLP detecting a novel missense mutation of the POU1F1 gene showed no effects on growth traits in cattle

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 532-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.Y. Pan ◽  
X.Y. Lan ◽  
H. Chen ◽  
D.Y. Yang ◽  
L.S. Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Chinese Cattle ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Daily Gain

In this study, a novel missense (NM_174579:c.1201C>T) mutation in exon 6 at the bovine <I>POU1F1</I> locus is reported, which results in p.S284F, namely, Ser (TCT) > Phe (TTT) at position 284 of the mature protein. A <I>Dde</I>I PCR-RFLP was used to determine the genotypes. The polymorphism was studied in eight Chinese cattle breeds (Nanyang, <I>n</I> = 251; Qinchuan, 149; Jiaxian Red, 144; Chinese Holstein, 61; Luxi, 57; Angus, 49; Jinnan, 60; Guyuan, 192). The frequencies of the <I>POU1F1 T</I> allele in the analyzed populations ranged from 0.010 to 0.053. The relationships between the <I>Dde</I>I polymorphism and growth traits and body sizes were analyzed by adjusted linear model in 251 Nanyang cattle. Fixed effects of marker genotype, birth year, season of birth (spring vs. fall), age of dam, sire, farm and sex, and random effects of an animal were included. Statistical evaluation revealed no significant relationships between this polymorphism and birth weight, body weight and average daily gain for different growth periods (6-month old, 12-month old, 18-month old and 24-month old) body height, body length, heart girth and height at the hip cross for different growth periods (<I>P</I> > 0.05).

GENOTYPE × ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS FOR POSTWEANING GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BACKCROSS BULLS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. RAHNEFELD ◽  
R. M. McKAY ◽  
H. T. FREDEEN ◽  
G. M. WEISS ◽  
J. A. NEWMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ge Interaction ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Daily Gain

The effects of pretest and genotype × environment (GE) interactions of 137 reciprocal backcross bulls produced under two contrasting environments (Brandon, Manitoba and Manyberries, Alberta) were evaluated for postweaning performance traits. Differences in weaning weight and average daily gain during the pretest periods defined as preweaning (ADGBW), weaning to on-test (ADGWT), and birth to on-test (ADGBT) associated with the fixed effects of station of origin, breed cross and station of origin by test were not significant. Station of test effects were significant (P = 0.0001) for ADGWT and ADGBT. None of the GE interactions involving the station of origin was significant (P > 0.10) for the postweaning growth traits and probabilities exceeded 0.20 for all but three of the 40 traits. The GE interactions involving station of test were nonsignificant (P > 0.20) for all but eight traits. All of these exceptions involved the cumulative average daily gain in the eight periods which excluded the first 14 d of test. Although the GE interaction for average daily gain for 140 d of test was not significant there were substantial breed cross differences in growth rates at the two test locations. Users of performance test results, however, are generally concerned with absolute performance values, not statistically significant differences. Viewed in this context, the differential responses of genotypes under different test environments, even though statistically nonsignificant, could have important implications to the industry. Key words: Cattle, postweaning growth, genotype × environment interaction

scholarly journals Identification of single nucleotide polymorphism c.957A>C of PLAG1 gene and its association with growth traits in Bali cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
I. G. R. Putra ◽  
D. A. Sari ◽  
S. M. Rachmawati ◽  
R. Oktaviani ◽  
R. R. Noor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Exon 2 ◽  
Sequencing Method ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Exon 1 ◽  
Bali Cattle ◽  
Daily Gain

The PLAG1 gene is one of the genes that affect the growth traits located on chromosome 14 in cattle. This study aims to obtain SNP of the PLAG1 gene in exon 1 and exon 2 and their association with growth traits in Bali cattle. The number of samples used was 52 samples of Bali cattle, 10 samples of Peranakan Ongole (PO), and 8 samples of Limousine cattle. Identification of SNPs PLAG1 gene was analyzed by direct sequencing method and genotyping of selected SNPs was carried out using PCR-RFLP. Association of genotypes of SNP c.957A>C with growth using t-test. There were 7 SNPs in exon 2 of the PLAG1 gene, namely SNP c.339A>G, c.489C>T, c.795A>G, c.957A>C, c.1023C>T, c.1056A>G, and c.1353A>G. SNP c.957A>C was validated by PCR-RFLP using TaqI enzyme and obtained three genotypes, namely genotypes AA, AC, and CC with allele frequency A and C, respec-tively 0.10 and 0.90 in Bali cattle, while in PO and Limousine cattle were monomorphic. Genotype association of SNP c.957A>C PLAG1 gene were not associated with birth weight (BW0), weaning weight at 205 days of age (WW205), yearling weight at 365 days of age (YW365), yearling weight at 730 days of age (YW730), and average daily gain (ADG). SNP c.957A>C as a specific SNP for Bali cattle needs to be investigated in further research as a candidate marker for growth traits in Bali cattle.

Genetic parameter estimates for growth traits of Gansu Alpine Finewool sheep

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhui Li ◽  
Ian W. Purvis
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Western China ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Likelihood Ratio Testing ◽  
Daily Gain

Estimation of genetic parameters for growth traits of Gansu Alpine Finewool sheep that separately identify maternal effects has not been previously conducted. (Co)variance components and corresponding genetic parameters for lamb growth traits were estimated from Gansu Alpine Finewool sheep maintained at Gansu Sheep Breeding Technology Extension Station in north-western China. Records of 17 703 lambs at birth, born over 9 years (2000–2008) and sired by 315 rams, were used in the study. Birth type, sex, dam age, record age and birth year were fitted as fixed effects. Analyses were carried out using a restricted maximum likelihood procedure (ASReml). Six different animal models were fitted for all traits and the most appropriate model was selected through log-likelihood ratio testing. After identifying the appropriate model through single-trait analysis, bivariate analyses were used to obtain the phenotypic and genetic correlations among the growth traits. In addition to the direct genetic effect, and maternal genetic effects, significant negative correlations between direct genetic and maternal genetic effects were found for all the growth traits. The maternal permanent environmental effects were only significant for birthweight, weaning weight and pre-weaning growth rate. The estimates of direct heritability for birthweight, weaning weight, pre-weaning average daily gain, post-weaning average daily gain and yearling weight were 0.22, 0.16, 0.15, 0.27 and 0.19 respectively. The maternal heritability estimates were relatively high and ranged from 0.17 to 0.27. The study provides the breed and its associated finewool sheep industry with a more encompassing basis for designing more effective breeding programs for improvement of growth traits of Gansu Alpine Finewool sheep.

scholarly journals Grid search approach to discriminate between old and recent inbreeding using phenotypic, pedigree and genomic information

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pattarapol Sumreddee ◽  
El Hamidi Hay ◽  
Sajjad Toghiani ◽  
Andrew Roberts ◽  
Samuel E. Aggrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Pedigree Information ◽  
Grid Search ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Harmful Effects

Abstract Background Although inbreeding caused by the mating of animals related through a recent common ancestor is expected to have more harmful effects on phenotypes than ancient inbreeding (old inbreeding), estimating these effects requires a clear definition of recent (new) and ancient (old) inbreeding. Several methods have been proposed to classify inbreeding using pedigree and genomic data. Unfortunately, these methods are largely based on heuristic criteria such as the number of generations from a common ancestor or length of runs of homozygosity (ROH) segments. To mitigate these deficiencies, this study aimed to develop a method to classify pedigree and genomic inbreeding into recent and ancient classes based on a grid search algorithm driven by the assumption that new inbreeding tends to have a more pronounced detrimental effect on traits. The proposed method was tested using a cattle population characterized by a deep pedigree. Results Effects of recent and ancient inbreeding were assessed on four growth traits (birth, weaning and yearling weights and average daily gain). Thresholds to classify inbreeding into recent and ancient classes were trait-specific and varied across traits and sources of information. Using pedigree information, inbreeding generated in the last 10 to 11 generations was considered as recent. When genomic information (ROH) was used, thresholds ranged between four to seven generations, indicating, in part, the ability of ROH segments to characterize the harmful effects of inbreeding in shorter periods of time. Nevertheless, using the proposed classification method, the discrimination between new and old inbreeding was less robust when ROH segments were used compared to pedigree. Using several model comparison criteria, the proposed approach was generally better than existing methods. Recent inbreeding appeared to be more harmful across the growth traits analyzed. However, both new and old inbreeding were found to be associated with decreased yearling weight and average daily gain. Conclusions The proposed method provided a more objective quantitative approach for the classification of inbreeding. The proposed method detected a clear divergence in the effects of old and recent inbreeding using pedigree data and it was superior to existing methods for all analyzed traits. Using ROH data, the discrimination between old and recent inbreeding was less clear and the proposed method was superior to existing approaches for two out of the four analyzed traits. Deleterious effects of recent inbreeding were detected sooner (fewer generations) using genomic information than pedigree. Difference in the results using genomic and pedigree information could be due to the dissimilarity in the number of generations to a common ancestor. Additionally, the uncertainty associated with the identification of ROH segments and associated inbreeding could have an effect on the results. Potential biases in the estimation of inbreeding effects may occur when new and old inbreeding are discriminated based on arbitrary thresholds. To minimize the impact of inbreeding, mating designs should take the different inbreeding origins into consideration.

Joint effect of 21 marker loci and effect of realized inbreeding on growth in pigs

1996 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Christensen ◽  
M. Fredholm ◽  
A. K. Winterø ◽  
J. N. Jørgensen ◽  
S. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Identical By Descent ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Marker Loci ◽  
Daily Gain

AbstractFour litters produced by father-daughter matings (back crosses) resulting in 35 animals with a theoretical inbreeding coefficient of 25% were typed with 21 independent informative markers. The differences between the two founder animals were estimated, based on the marker information, and it was found that the founder boar had higher genetic potential for proportion of lean meat and lower genetic potential for groivth than the founder sow. The proportion of the genome of each offspring which was identical by descent was investigated. On the basis of these markers the realized inbreeding was found to vary between 7 and 47%. The linear decrease in weight at days 1, 26 and 136, average daily gain and proportion of lean meat regressed on the realized inbreeding were estimated to 0·6 kg, 2·4 kg, 18 kg, 95 g/day and 15 g/kg, respectively. For weight at day 88 a corresponding linear increase of 11 kg was observed. The joint effect of founder differences and realized inbreeding were as expected negative and statistically significant for all growth traits.

scholarly journals 209 Genomic selection for multiple maternal and growth traits in large white pigs using Single-Step GBLUP

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 42-42
Author(s):  
Breno Fragomeni ◽  
Zulma Vitezica ◽  
Justine Liu ◽  
Yijian Huang ◽  
Kent Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Computing Time ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
Genomic Evaluation ◽  
Large White ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract The objective of this study was to implement a multi-trait genomic evaluation for maternal and growth traits in a swine population. Phenotypes for preweaning mortality, litter size, weaning weight, and average daily gain were available for 282K Large White pigs. The pedigree included 314k individuals, of which 35,731 were genotyped for 45K SNPs. Variance components were estimated in a multi-trait animal model without genomic information by AIREMLF90. Genomic breeding values were estimated using the genomic information by single-step GBLUP. The algorithm for proven and young (APY) was used to reduce computing time. Genetic correlation between proportion and the total number of preweaning deaths was 0.95. A strong, positive genetic correlation was also observed between weaning weight and average daily gain (r = 0.94). Conversely, the genetic correlations between mortality and growth traits were negative, with an average of -0.7. To avoid computations by expensive threshold models, preweaning mortality was transformed from a binary trait to two linear dam traits: proportion and a total number of piglets dead before weaning. Because of the high genetic correlations within groups of traits, inclusion of only one growth and one mortality trait in the model decreases computing time and allows for the inclusion of other traits. Reduction in computing time for the evaluation using APY was up to 20x, and no differences in EPD ranking were observed. The algorithm for proven and young improves the efficiency of genomic evaluation in swine without harming the quality of predictions. For this population, a binary trait of mortality can be replaced by a linear trait of the dam, resulting in a similar ranking for the selection candidates.

A 5′UTR SNP of GHRHR locus is associated with body weight and average daily gain in Chinese cattle

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 10469-10473 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Zhang ◽  
H. Chen ◽  
Z. Y. Zhang ◽  
L. Z. Zhang ◽  
D. Y. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Chinese Cattle ◽  
Daily Gain

Genetic parameters for growth rate and Kleiber ratios of Nellore sheep

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Satish Kumar ◽  
G. Gangaraju ◽  
C. Vijaya Kumar ◽  
Sapna Nath
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Kleiber Ratio ◽  
Nellore Sheep ◽  
Daily Gain

Data on growth traits of Nellore sheep were extracted from the records maintained at Livestock Research Station, Palamaner, Andhra Pradesh, India for a period of five years. The genetic and phenotypic parameters were estimated for growth traits i.e., average daily gain (ADG) from birth to 3 months (ADGa), 3 months to 6 months (ADGb), 6 to 12 months (ADGc) and the corresponding Kleiber ratio (KR) at respective stages of growth. The non genetic factors included in the model were having significance on most of the traits studied. The heritability estimates for ADG and corresponding KR ranged from 0.17 to 0.25. The estimates of genetic correlations among the traits ranged between -0.28 (Ka-Kb) and 0.99 (ADGb-Kb). The moderate estimates of heritability, high and positive genetic correlations among the traits in the study were suggestive of moderate genetic progress in the Nellore breed of sheep through selection.

Genetic parameter estimates for early growth traits in Naeini goat

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Baneh ◽  
Mojtaba Najafi ◽  
Ghodrat Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Estimate Variance ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Birth Type

The present study was carried out to estimate variance components for growth traits in Naeini goats. Bodyweight records were collected for two flocks under supervision of the Agriculture Organisation of the Esfahan province between 2000 and 2007. Investigated traits were birthweight (BW; n = 2483), weaning weight (WW; n = 1211) and average daily gain from birth to weaning (ADG; n = 1211). Environmental effects were investigated using fixed-effect models, while (co)variance components and genetic parameters were estimated with single- and three-trait analyses using REML methods and WOMBAT software. Six different animal models were fitted to the traits, with the best model for each trait determined by log-likelihood ratio tests (LRT). All traits were significantly influenced by herd, birth year, sex of the kid, birth type and dam age (P < 0.01). On the basis of LRT, maternal permanent environmental effects (c2) were significant for WW and ADG, while BW was affected only by direct genetic effects. Direct heritability estimates for BW, WW and ADG were 0.25 ± 0.05, 0.07 ± 0.06 and 0.21 ± 0.11, respectively. The estimate of c2 was 0.16 ± 0.06 for both WW and ADG. Estimates of genetic correlation for BW–ADG, BW–WW and ADG–WW were 0.49, 0.61 and 0.94, respectively. The estimated phenotypic correlations were positive and were between 0.03 (BW–ADG) and 0.95 (ADG–WW). These results indicate that selection can be used to improve growth traits in this goat breed.

scholarly journals Genetic parameters for direct and maternal effects on growth traits of sheep

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 603-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ghafouri-Kesbi ◽  
H. Baneh
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Environmental Variance ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract. The aim of the present study was to estimate (co)variance components and corresponding genetic parameters for birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), 6-month weight (W6), 9-month weight (W9), average daily gain from birth to weaning (WWDG), average daily gain from weaning to 6 months (W6DG) and average daily gain from 6 months to 9 months (W9DG) for a nucleus flock of Iranian Makooei sheep. Genetic parameters were estimated by REML procedure fitting six animal models including various combinations of maternal effects. The Akaike information criterion (AIC) was used to determine the most appropriate model. Estimates of direct heritability (h2) ranged from 0.13 (W6DG) to 0.32 (BW). Maternal effects were found to be important in the growth performance of the Makooei sheep, indicating the necessity of including maternal effects in the model to obtain accurate estimates of direct heritability. Estimates of maternal heritability (m2) ranged from 0.05 (W6) to 0.16 (WWDG) and the estimates of proportion of maternal permanent environmental variance to phenotypic variance (c2) were in the range between 0.05 (BW) and 0.10 (W6). Direct additive genetic correlations were positive in all cases and ranged from 0.00 (BW/W9DG) to 0.99 (WW/WWDG). Phenotypic correlations showed a broad range from −0.27 (WW/W9DG) to 0.99 (WW/WWDG). Estimates of genetic parameters showed that genetic improvement through selection programs is possible. WW would be a suitable selection criterion since it has acceptable direct heritability and relatively high genetic correlation with other traits.

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