CHLOROPHYLL AND PROTEIN LEVELS IN BOVINE RUMEN FLUID IN RELATION TO ALFALFA PASTURE BLOAT

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. MAJAK ◽  
R. E. HOWARTH ◽  
P. NARASIMHALU
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Chloroplast Membranes ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Chlorophyll Protein ◽  
Daily Changes

Rumen-fistulated cattle were fed fresh alfalfa herbage daily during three growing seasons. Two hours after feeding the incidence of bloat and of ruminal frothiness was recorded and samples of feed and rumen fluid were collected for analyses of chlorophyll and soluble protein. These constituents were examined in relation to the bloat-causing potential of the alfalfa and in relation to the occurrence of froth in rumen contents. Chlorophyll in rumen fluid was higher on days when the alfalfa caused bloat, compared to days when bloat did not occur (P < 0.01). Chlorophyll was also higher in frothy rumen fluid than in normal rumen fluid (P < 0.01). Soluble protein concentrations in rumen fluid were adequate to stabilize foams in vitro but did not show any daily changes related to the frothiness of rumen contents. The soluble proteins could be involved in froth formation but another factor, perhaps a component of the chloroplast membranes, appears to be responsible for the immediate onset of frothiness. Key words: Chlorophyll, protein, cattle, alfalfa, bloat, rumen

THE RELATIONSHIP OF RUMEN CATIONS AND SOLUBLE PROTEIN WITH PREDISPOSITION OF CATTLE TO ALFALFA BLOAT

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. HALL ◽  
W. MAJAK ◽  
A. L. VAN RYSWYK ◽  
C. M. KALNIN ◽  
R. E. HOWARTH
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Colloidal Aggregation ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Monovalent Ions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Rumen-fistulated cattle were fed fresh alfalfa herbage daily during two growing seasons. Samples of rumen fluid were collected daily prior to feeding and the frothiness of the rumen fluid was assessed. Concentrations of soluble protein nitrogen in the rumen fluid were higher in animals that subsequently bloated than in those that did not (P < 0.01). There was no relation between soluble protein nitrogen and the occurrence of foam in the rumen prior to feeding. The concentrations of Na and K in the rumen fluid were negatively correlated. Bloat was associated with a low concentration of Na and a high concentration of K (P < 0.01). Concentrations of Ca and Mg were lower than those of the two monovalent ions but were also positively associated with bloat (P < 0.01). The high concentration of chlorophyll associated with a predisposition to bloat may be the result of a colloidal aggregation of chloroplast particles stabilized by cations. Key words: Pasture bloat, alfalfa, chlorophyll, ions, cattle

IN-VITRO FERMENTATION OF ALDITOLS BY RUMEN CONTENTS AND ABSORPTION OF ALDITOLS IN THE OVINE SMALL INTESTINE

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 41-42
Author(s):  
C. J. LISTER ◽  
R. R. SMITHARD
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Fluid Absorption ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation

In-vitro incubations with rumen fluid from four wethers showed that glucose, glucitol and mannitol were fermented more rapidly than arabinitol and xylitol and that arabinitol was fermented more rapidly than xylitol (P < 0.05) when the alditols or sugar were added singly. When arabinitol and xylitol or mannitol and xylitol were added as mixtures there was no effect on rates of individual alditol fermentation. Measurement of alditols reaching the duodenum and subsequently the terminal ileum of three sheep given an alditol mixture via the rumen showed that less than half the pentitols entering the small intestine were absorbed there. When higher levels of alditols entered the small intestine by infusion into the duodenum, absorption of pentitols was less efficient than that of the hexitols, mannitol and glucitol. Key words: Alditols, fermentation, rumen fluid, absorption

SEASONAL VARIATION OF IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY IN THE KUDU, Tragelaphus strepsiceros

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 208-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH A. BOOMKER
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Tragelaphus Strepsiceros ◽  
High Cellulose

The seasonal variation and character of kudu rumen fluid inoculum was investigated. Three substrates used in in vitro fermentations yielded high cellulose digestibilities during the dry winter months. Organic matter digestibilities followed similar trends but did not reflect total rumen fermentative ability. Minimal hemicellulose digestion was observed. Key words: In vitro digestibility, cellulose, kudu

scholarly journals Effect of Protection of Soybean Meal Using Mahogany Leaf Extract in Ruminant Diet on Rumen Fermentation Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Merryafinola Ifani ◽  
Efka Aris Rimbawanto ◽  
Fransisca Maria Suhartati
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Randomized Design

<p class="abstrak3"><span lang="IN">The study </span><span>was </span><span lang="IN">aimed to examine effect of protecting soybean meal using mahogany leaf extract on rumen fermentation products in vitro. The material used was cow rumen fluid, basal ration consisting of concentrate and elephant grass with a ratio of 60:40%, and mahogany leaves. The research was carried out in three stages: mahogany extraction, protein protection using mahogany extract, and in vitro stages. The test was conducted in vitro </span><span>based on</span><span lang="IN"> a completely randomized design (CRD). The treatments consisted of 4 kinds of soybean meal protection with 0% tannin concentration (</span><span>T</span><span lang="IN">0); 1.5% (</span><span>T</span><span lang="IN">1); 3% (</span><span>T</span><span lang="IN">2); and 4.5% (</span><span>T</span><span lang="IN">3). </span><span>D</span><span lang="IN">ata obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance and tested using orthogonal polynomials. </span><span>R</span><span lang="IN">esults showed that  addition of protected soybean meal with mahogany leaf extract had a cubic</span><span>al</span><span lang="IN"> effect on partial VFA, methane gas and post-rumen dissolved protein, a quadratic effect on protozoa, and a linear effect</span><span>on </span><span lang="IN">N-NH<sub>3</sub>, SPM, and RUDP. Giving extra mahogany leaves at a level of 1.5% produced a fermented product that was not different from the control while giving a level of 3% got the highest fermentation product. Giving mahogany leaf extract at a level of 4.5% resulted in the highest SPM, and RUDP but there was a decrease in soluble protein, which indicated the occurrence of overprotection. The addition of 3% mahogany leaf extract effectively increased rumen fermentation products, RUDP, and soluble protein without disturbing the activity of rumen bacteria.</span></p>

In vitro degradation of fresh substrates treated with exogenous fibrolytic enzymes

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Bowman ◽  
K. A. Beauchemin ◽  
J. A. Shelford
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Degradation ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Fibrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Enzyme Product ◽  
Dry Matter Degradation

An exogenous fibrolytic enzyme product was applied to three different proportions of a total mixed ration (TMR) and fed to dairy cows. There was no enhancement of the hydrolytic capacity of rumen fluid from cows serving as inoculum donors as a result of enzyme supplementation. In vitro dry matter degradation of the TMR at 12 h of incubation was increased by 15% when enzymes were added to the concentrate portion, and by 17% when added to the premix portion of the TMR (P < 0.05), but adding enzymes to the supplement (pelleted portion of the concentrate) had no effect. Key words: Enzymes, fresh substrate, dry matter degradation

INDUCTION OF NITRATE AND NITRITE METABOLISM IN BOVINE RUMEN FLUID AND THE TRANSFER OF THIS CAPACITY TO UNTREATED ANIMALS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-J. CHENG ◽  
R. C. PHILLIPPE ◽  
G. C. KOZUB ◽  
W. MAJAK ◽  
J. W. COSTERTON
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Microbial Activities ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
Rumen Microflora ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite ◽  
And Control ◽  
Key Words Nitrate

Nitrate, given intraruminally (0.1 g NO−3 per kg of body weight) to cattle, stimulated the capacity of the rumen microflora to degrade nitrite (NO−2) and nitrate in vitro. Threefold to fourfold increases in rates of NO−2 and NO−3 reduction were observed during NO−3 treatment. The treatment also appeared to stimulate nitropropanol degradation but this effect was less pronounced. The enhanced capacity of rumen microbes to degrade NO−2 and NO−3 was transferred to noninduced (untreated) animals housed in adjacent pens. The transfer of induced metabolism was not observed when induced animals were widely separated from the noninduced ones. This apparent transfer of microbial activities between adjacent animals may complicate studies in which treated and control animals are not separately housed. Key words: Nitrate, nitrite, nitropropanol, induction, degradation, cattle

DEGRADATION OF MIMOSINE IN RUMEN FLUID FROM CATTLE AND SHEEP IN CANADA

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 937-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. KUDO ◽  
K.-J. CHENG ◽  
W. MAJAK ◽  
J. W. HALL ◽  
J. W. COSTERTON
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms ◽  
Microbial Detoxification ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

The microbial detoxification of mimosine was detected during in vitro studies with rumen fluid from cattle and sheep in Canada. The toxic amino acid, a component of Leucaena leucocephala (Leguminosae), was degraded rapidly (average rate 2.17 μg∙mL−1∙h−1) by rumen inocula from sheep on a concentrate diet but inocula from sheep on cubed hay showed much less activity (0.44 μg∙mL−1∙h−1). Mimosine was also metabolized by rumen microorganisms from steers on concentrate rations (2.88 μg∙mL−1∙h−1) but rates were lower when inocula originated from cattle fed hay, pasture or silage diets (< 1.87 μg∙mL−1∙h−1). Our results show that in Canada, rumen fluid contains microorganisms capable of mimosine degradation and that the rates of detoxification are enhanced by rumen microbiota from sheep and cattle on concentrate diets. Key words: Detoxification, rumen microorganisms, mimosine, sheep, cattle

Effects of source of rumen fluid on in vitro dry matter digestibility of feeds determined using the DAISYII incubator

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. King ◽  
J. C. Plaizier
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Inoculum Source ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Grass Hay

Apparent (ADD) and true (TDD) in vitro dry matter digestibilities of 12 ruminant feeds were determined with the DAISYII incubator (ANKOM Technology Corp. Macedon, NY) using inoculum prepared from ruminal fluid obtained from steers fed grass hay or from cows fed total mixed ration (56% forage and 44% grain, DM basis). Inoculum source did not affect ADD and TDD. Averaged across feeds and sources of inoculum, ADD was 6.7 percentage points lower than TDD. Key words: In vitro dry matter digestibility, ruminant feeds, inoculum, ANKOM DAISYII incubator

Photoinhibition in vivo and in vitro Involves Weakly Coupled Chlorophyll–Protein Complexes‡¶

2002 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Santabarbara ◽  
Ilaria Cazzalini ◽  
Andrea Rivadossi ◽  
Flavio M. Garlaschi ◽  
Giuseppe Zucchelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Weakly Coupled ◽  
Chlorophyll Protein Complexes ◽  
Chlorophyll Protein

AAnti-Inflammatory Effects of Plasma Circulating Exosomes Obtained from Normal-Weight and Obese Subjects on Hepatocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Afrisham ◽  
Sahar Sadegh-Nejadi ◽  
Reza Meshkani ◽  
Solaleh Emamgholipour ◽  
Molood Bagherieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Human Liver Cells ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Introduction: Obesity is a disorder with low-grade chronic inflammation that plays a key role in the hepatic inflammation and steatosis. Moreover, there are studies to support the role of exosomes in the cellular communications, the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and immunomodulatory activity. Accordingly, we aimed to evaluate the influence of plasma circulating exosomes derived from females with normal-weight and obesity on the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in human liver cells. Methods: Plasma circulating exosomes were isolated from four normal (N-Exo) and four obese (O-Exo) women. The exosomes were characterized and approved for CD63 expression (common exosomal protein marker) and morphology/size using the western blot and TEM methods, respectively. The exosomes were used for stimulation of HepG2 cells in vitro. After 24 h incubation, the protein levels of TNF-α,IL-6, and IL-1β were measured in the culture supernatant of HepG2 cells using the ELISA kit. Results: The protein levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the cells treated with O-Exo and N-Exo reduced significantly in comparison with control group (P=0.039 and P<0.001 respectively), while significance differences were not found between normal and obese groups (P=0.808, and P=0.978 respectively). However, no significant differences were found between three groups in term of IL-1β levels (P=0.069). Based on the correlation analysis, the protein levels of IL-6 were positively correlated with TNF-α (r 0.978, P<0.001). Conclusion: These findings suggest that plasma circulating exosomes have probably anti-inflammatory properties independently from body mass index and may decrease the secretion of inflammatory cytokines in liver. However, further investigations in vitro and in vivo are needed to address the anti-inflammatory function of N-Exo and O-Exo in human liver cells and/or other cells.

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