GLUCOCORTICOID STATUS AND GROWTH MANIPULATION IN SHEEP

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 310-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. SHARPE ◽  
P. J. BUTTERY ◽  
N. B. HAYNES
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Free Cortisol ◽  
Muscle Receptors ◽  
Key Words Cortisol

Concentrations of plasma total and plasma free cortisol and the extent of bonding of cortisol in the cytosol of skeletal muscle in sheep implanted with trenbolone, zeranol or receiving a restricted dietary intake were studied. No correlation between glucocorticoid status and growth was observed, although cytosolic binding was reduced with trenbolone treatment. Key words: Cortisol, muscle receptors, sheep, anabolics, growth

METABOLISM IN ADIPOSE TISSUE AND MUSCLE OF THE YOUNG PIG

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. ADEOLA ◽  
B. W. McBRIDE ◽  
R. O. BALL ◽  
L. G. YOUNG
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Adenosine Deaminase ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Glycerol Release ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Subcutaneous adipose tissue and intercostal and sartorius muscles from five barrows and five gilts at 20 kg liveweight were used to study lipogenesis, lipolysis, Na+, K+-ATPase-dependent respiration and protein synthesis. Lipogenesis rate measured by 14C-acetate incorporation into lipid was similar between barrows and gilts; and 100 μg insulin per mL enhanced (P < 0.1) subcutaneous adipose tissue lipogenesis by 74%. Lipolysis rate quantitated by glycerol release was similar between barrows and gilts (3546 and 4160 nmol g−1 2 h−1). Adenosine deaminase and norepinephrine together enhanced adipose tissue lipolytic response by 102%. Fractional and absolute rates of protein synthesis were similar between barrows and gilts (3.24 and 3.69% d−1; 6.01 and 6.06 mg g−1 d−1); and between intercostal and sartorius muscles. Barrows had lower Na+, K+-ATPase-dependent respiration than gilts and the maintenance of Na+ and K+ transmembrane ionic gradient in the muscle preparations accounted for 23–26% of total respiration. Key words: Pigs, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, metabolism

Nutrient and food group intakes and skeletal muscle index in the Japanese elderly: a cross-sectional analysis of the NHNS 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (16) ◽  
pp. 2923-2931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chika Okada ◽  
Emiko Okada ◽  
Hidemi Takimoto
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ageing Society ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
Japanese Elderly

AbstractObjective:To examine nutrient and food intakes according to the levels of skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) in the elderly.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Data were derived from the 2017 National Health and Nutrition Survey in Japan. SMI was calculated by dividing appendicular skeletal muscle (or lean) mass (kg) by height squared (m2). We calculated the multivariable-adjusted means of individuals’ dietary intake. Dietary intake of energy, nutrients and food categories was assessed by examining dietary records using a semi-weighed method and compared according to the sex-specific quartiles of SMI.Participants:Men and women aged ≥60 years.Results:Among 797 men and 969 women, individuals with a higher SMI consumed more energy and more nutrients than did those with a lower SMI after adjusting for age, lifestyle and physical activity factors. After further adjusting for energy intake, total dietary fibre, vitamin A, vitamin B6, K, Fe and Cu were positively associated with higher SMI in men (Pfor trend < 0·05). For food categories, men with a higher SMI consumed more vegetables and meats, but the associations were attenuated after adjustment for energy and remained significant for vegetable only (Pfor trend = 0·018).Conclusions:Japanese elderly people with a higher SMI consumed more energy and nutrients and more vegetables than did those with a lower SMI. This finding shows that diet is important in preventing muscle loss among the elderly in an ageing society.

Influence of somatotropin treatment of lactating cows on maintenance energy expenditures

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. McBride ◽  
J. H. Burton ◽  
G. K. MacLeod ◽  
R. J. Early
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Lactating Cows

The maintenance energy expenditure associated with Na+, K+-transport and protein synthesis within skeletal muscle was determined for rbST-treated and untreated cows. Somatotropin had no effect on elevating the respiration of skeletal muscle or the partitioning of maintenance energy expenditures within skeletal muscle. Key words: O2 consumption, somatotropin, Na+, K+-ATPase, protein synthesis

EFFECT OF STAGE OF LACTATION AND OF DAILY INJECTIONS OF GRF AND TRF ON SERUM CORTISOL IN LACTATING SOWS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. ROBERT ◽  
A.-M. B. DE PASSILLÉ ◽  
N. ST-PIERRE ◽  
G. PELLETIER ◽  
P. DUBREUIL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Basal Serum ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Key Words Cortisol

Two experiments were conducted with 51 primiparous sows to determine the effects of stage of lactation and treatment with growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) and thyrotropin-releasing factor (TRF) on serum cortisol concentrations and pulse profiles. Animals were injected with either saline, GRF (20 μg kg−1 in both experiments), TRF (1 μg kg−1 and 9 μg kg−1 in exps. 1 and 2, respectively) or GRF-TRF (administered in combination at the levels mentioned above). Peptides were given subcutaneously twice daily between days 5 and 25 postpartum. In exp. 1, mean cortisol levels were higher on day 5 than on subsequent sampling days due to higher peak amplitudes. This result is discussed with respect to stress. Mean serum cortisol concentrations did not vary significantly between days 5, 15 and 25 of lactation in exp. 2. No evidence of a morning peak and late afternoon low was observed in cortisol secretion of sows during lactation. Finally, none of the hypothalamic factor treatments altered the basal serum concentrations or the peak amplitudes of cortisol. However, in exp. 2, the frequency of cortisol peaks was lower for the GRF- and TRF-treated sows than for the control and GRF-TRF sows. Key words: Cortisol, GRF, TRF, lactation, sows

Glutamate release in midbrain periaqueductal gray by activation of skeletal muscle receptors and arterial baroreceptors

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (1) ◽  
pp. H137-H144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua Li ◽  
Jere H. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Glutamate Release ◽  
Periaqueductal Gray ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Muscle Receptor ◽  
Arterial Baroreceptors ◽  
Muscle Receptors ◽  
Afferent Inputs ◽  
Arterial Baroreceptor

We have previously reported that both skeletal muscle receptor and arterial baroreceptor afferent inputs activate neurons in the dorsolateral (DL) and lateral regions of the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG). In this study, we determined whether the excitatory amino acid glutamate (Glu) is released to mediate the increased activity in these regions. Static contraction of the triceps surae muscle for 4 min was evoked by electrical stimulation of the L7 and S1 ventral roots in cats. Activation of arterial baroreceptor was induced by intravenous injection of phenylephrine. The endogenous release of Glu from the PAG was recovered with the use of a microdialysis probe. Glu concentration was measured by the HPLC method. Muscle contraction increased mean arterial pressure (MAP) from 98 ± 10 to 149 ± 12 mmHg ( P < 0.05) and increased Glu release in the DL and lateral regions of the middle PAG from 0.39 ± 0.10 to 0.73 ± 0.12 μM (87%, P < 0.05) in intact cats. After sinoaortic denervation and vagotomy were performed, contraction increased MAP from 95 ± 12 to 158 ± 15 mmHg, and Glu from 0.34 ± 0.08 to 0.54 ± 0.10 μM (59%, P < 0.05). The increases in arterial pressure and Glu were abolished by muscle paralysis. Phenylephrine increased MAP from 100 ± 13 to 162 ± 22 mmHg and increased Glu from 0.36 ± 0.10 to 0.59 ± 0.18 μM (64%, P < 0.05) in intact animals. Denervation abolished this Glu increase. Summation of the changes in Glu evoked by muscle receptor and arterial baroreceptor afferent inputs was greater than the increase in Glu produced when both reflexes were activated simultaneously in intact state (123% vs. 87%). These data demonstrate that activation of skeletal muscle receptors evokes release of Glu in the DL and lateral regions of the middle PAG, and convergence of afferent inputs from muscle receptors and arterial baroreceptors in these regions inhibits the release of Glu. These results suggest that the PAG is a neural integrating site for the interaction between the exercise pressor reflex and the arterial baroreceptor reflex.

scholarly journals The effect of manipulating growth in sheep by diet or anabolic agents on plasma cortisol and muscle glucocorticoid receptors

1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Sharpe ◽  
P. J. Buttery ◽  
N. B. Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Relative Binding Affinity ◽  
Relative Binding ◽  
Free Cortisol

1. The cortisol status (total plasma cortisol concentration, free cortisol concentration, transcortin capacity) and the characteristics of skeletal muscle binding for cortisol and dexamethasone were examined in female lambs either implanted with Zeranol or trenbolone acetate or whose dietary intake was restricted.2. The skeletal muscle glucocorticoid receptor had a high affinity for the glucocorticoid triamcinolone (relative binding affinity 0.85) and cortisol (relative binding affinity 0.51) with virtually no affinity for trenbolone.3. Trenbolone acetate treatment reduced the binding capacity of sheep skeletal muscle for cortisol within 2 d of implantation. The other treatments had little effect except a small reduction in the animals where food intake was restricted. Similarly, binding capacity for dexamethasone was reduced by trenbolone acetate treatment but was not affected by the other treatments. This reduction in trenbolone acetate-treated animals is, at least in part, due to a reduction in glucocorticoid receptors.4. Transcortin capacity was elevated by Zeranol treatment but reduced with diet restriction or trenbolone treatment.5. No support for the suggestion of free cortisol concentration being important in the growth-promoting mechanism of trenbolone or Zeranol was obtained.6. Although insulin concentrations were not significantly altered by treatment (P > 0.05), when combining all the animals there was evidence of a negative correlation between total cortiso1: insulin vaue (P < 0.05) or free cortisol: insulin value and growth rate (P < 0.001). Free cortisol was negatively correlated to growth rate (P < 0.05) and transcortin capacity positively correlated (P < 0.01).

INFLUENCE OF BREED OF SIRE, DIETARY INTAKE AND HOUSING FACILITIES ON THE ATTAINMENT OF PUBERTY IN CROSSBRED GILTS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. DYCK
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Diet Intake ◽  
Housing Facilities ◽  
Stimulation Of

The role of diet intake and type of confinement pen in the stimulation of puberty was determined with 483 gilts from a Landrace (L) × Yorkshire (Y) rotational cross over 4 yr. At 160 d of age, gilts were housed either in stalls (S) or groups (G) of eight per pen. They were fed a diet intake level to provide approximately 0.4 kg gain d−1 for the duration of the experiment (C) or 0.0 kg d−1 for the first 2 wk (R) and then as for C. Gilts were checked for estrus once daily with vasectomized boars. AU S gilts had 30 min d−1 of in-pen exposure to mature boars, while G gilts had constant pen line exposure to mature boars. Over the 8-wk period 73.5% of the gilts attained puberty. Diet intake restriction and group penning had similar effects on the mean interval to puberty, with C and R gilts averaging 13.6 ± 1.0 and 17.4 ± 1.0 d (P < 0.01), and S and G gilts averaging 12.3 ± 0.9 and 18.7 ± 1.1 d (P < 0.01). Both the Rand G treatments resulted in a delay in the attainment of puberty as compared to S-penned C gilts. This difference was apparent within 3 d. The delay in puberty associated with diet intake restriction was found only in S-penned gilts and was eliminated 10 d after the R gilts were placed on the C level of diet intake. The group penning delay in attaining puberty was evident for 31 d in Y-sired gilts and to the end of the experiment in L-sired gilts. In L-sired gilts 85.3 and 55.6% of the S and G gilts, respectively, attained puberty (P < 0.05) as compared to 74.6 and 76.9% of the Y-sired gilts. Thus, the ability of the gilt to attain puberty in response to boar exposure is dependent on the breed of gilt, diet intake and pen type, with stalls and an adequate growth rate required for the greatest response. Key words: Gilts, puberty, breed, diet intake, pen type

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