INFLUENCE OF BREED OF SIRE, DIETARY INTAKE AND HOUSING FACILITIES ON THE ATTAINMENT OF PUBERTY IN CROSSBRED GILTS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. DYCK
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Diet Intake ◽  
Housing Facilities ◽  
Stimulation Of

The role of diet intake and type of confinement pen in the stimulation of puberty was determined with 483 gilts from a Landrace (L) × Yorkshire (Y) rotational cross over 4 yr. At 160 d of age, gilts were housed either in stalls (S) or groups (G) of eight per pen. They were fed a diet intake level to provide approximately 0.4 kg gain d−1 for the duration of the experiment (C) or 0.0 kg d−1 for the first 2 wk (R) and then as for C. Gilts were checked for estrus once daily with vasectomized boars. AU S gilts had 30 min d−1 of in-pen exposure to mature boars, while G gilts had constant pen line exposure to mature boars. Over the 8-wk period 73.5% of the gilts attained puberty. Diet intake restriction and group penning had similar effects on the mean interval to puberty, with C and R gilts averaging 13.6 ± 1.0 and 17.4 ± 1.0 d (P < 0.01), and S and G gilts averaging 12.3 ± 0.9 and 18.7 ± 1.1 d (P < 0.01). Both the Rand G treatments resulted in a delay in the attainment of puberty as compared to S-penned C gilts. This difference was apparent within 3 d. The delay in puberty associated with diet intake restriction was found only in S-penned gilts and was eliminated 10 d after the R gilts were placed on the C level of diet intake. The group penning delay in attaining puberty was evident for 31 d in Y-sired gilts and to the end of the experiment in L-sired gilts. In L-sired gilts 85.3 and 55.6% of the S and G gilts, respectively, attained puberty (P < 0.05) as compared to 74.6 and 76.9% of the Y-sired gilts. Thus, the ability of the gilt to attain puberty in response to boar exposure is dependent on the breed of gilt, diet intake and pen type, with stalls and an adequate growth rate required for the greatest response. Key words: Gilts, puberty, breed, diet intake, pen type

scholarly journals Protective Role of Leptadenia Hastata on the Haematological and Biochemical Alterations in Adrenaline-Induced Hypertensive Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Adewuyi Hassan Abdulsalam ◽  
◽  
Muhammad L. Hadiza ◽  
Onukogu Stella Chiamaka ◽  
Ibrahim Jonathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Controls

Background: Leptadenia hastata (L. Hastata) is a plant used for various diseases in Nigeria. This study evaluated the protective effects of L. hastate on the haematological and biochemical alterations in adrenaline-induced hypertensive rats. Methods: Twenty-five rats were divided equally into five groups (A-E). Groups A-D were given 0.5 mg/kg adrenaline, groups A and B were treated with 100 and 200 mg/kg the extract of L. Hastata, respectively, while groups C and D were treated with 5 mg/kg amlodipine (standard control) and normal saline (untreated control), respectively. Group E were given distilled water (normal controls). The adrenaline was injected intraperitoneally while the extract was given orally once daily for seven days. Results: Treatment with 100 and 200 mg/kg of the extract significantly reduced the elevated serum albumin, ALP, ALT, AST, chloride, sodium and creatinine, cholesterol and LDL concentrations compared with the untreated hypertensive rats. The bicarbonate level, WBC and RBC counts, mean cell hemoglobin and packed cell value were higher in rats treated with the extract compared with the untreated hypertensive rats. The mean cell value, HDL, triglyceride, urea, potassium, total and direct bilirubin concentrations in experimental groups were not significantly different from those in the controls (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest that treatment of the hypertensive rats with the extract of L. Hastata protects against renal, hepatic and cardiac damages, thus it could be considered as a natural anti-hypertensive agent. Further studies are required to identify the bioactive constituents and the mechanism(s) of action.

scholarly journals An analysis of atmospheric CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations from 1984 to 2008 with a single box atmospheric chemistry model

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 30259-30282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Tan ◽  
Q. Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Methane Flux ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Atmospheric Methane ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Oxidizing Power ◽  
The Mean

Abstract. We present a single box atmospheric chemistry model involving atmospheric methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO) and radical hydroxyl (OH) to analyze atmospheric CH4 concentrations from 1984 to 2008. When OH is allowed to vary, the modeled CH4 is 20 ppb higher than observations from the NOAA/ESRL and AGAGE networks for the end of 2008. However, when the OH concentration is held constant at 106 molecule cm−3, the simulated CH4 shows a trend approximately equal to observations. Both simulations show a clear slowdown in the CH4 growth rate during recent decades, from about 13 ppb yr−1 in 1984 to less than 5 ppb yr−1 in 2003. Furthermore, if the constant OH assumption is credible, we think that this slowdown is mainly due to a pause in the growth of wetland methane emissions. In simulations run for the Northern and Southern Hemispheres separately, we find that the Northern Hemisphere is more sensitive to wetland emissions, whereas the southern tends to be more perturbed by CH4 transportation, dramatic OH change, and biomass burning. When measured CO values from NOAA/ESRL are used to drive the model, changes in the CH4 growth rate become more consistent with observations, but the long-term increase in CH4 is underestimated. This shows that CO is a good indicator of short-term variations in oxidizing power in the atmosphere. The simulation results also indicate the significant drop in OH concentrations in 1998 (about 5% lower than the previous year) was probably due to an abrupt increase in wetland methane emissions during an intense EI Niño event. Using a fixed-lag Kalman smoother, we estimate the mean wetland methane flux is about 128 Tg yr−1 through the period 1984–2008. This study demonstrates the effectiveness in examining the role of OH and CO in affecting CH4.

Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases in gerbil cholesteatoma: Preliminary findings

2002 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Lehman ◽  
Jason G. Wilmoth ◽  
Angela R. Prevatt ◽  
Gregory S. Schultz ◽  
Patrick J. Antonelli
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Topical Treatment ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Mmp Inhibitor ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to examine the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the impact of a topical MMP inhibitor, ilomostat, on the development of tympanic membrane (TM) atelectasis in the gerbil model. METHODS: Eustachian tubes were cauterized bilaterally in 19 gerbils. Thereafter, both TMs received once-daily topical treatment for 8 weeks with ilo-mostat or vehicle or no treatment (n = 6 or 7 per group). TM atelectasis was serially graded, and TMs were harvested at 8 weeks. Gelatin zymograms were performed to determine MMP activity. RESULTS: The mean activity levels of proenzyme and active MMP-9 and MMP-2 and degree of atelectasis did not differ between groups. TM atelectasis did not correlate to levels of enzymes across individual samples. CONCLUSIONS: Topical application of an MMP inhibitor did not significantly prevent the development of TM atelectasis. It remains to be determined whether the use of MMP inhibitors may prevent the progression of atelectasis in humans.

Cavernoso-Anal Reflex. the Description of a Reflex and Its Clinical Significance

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-270
Author(s):  
A. Shafik
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Disorders ◽  
Anal Sphincters ◽  
Motor Unit Action Potentials ◽  
Urine Leak ◽  
Motor Unit Action ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vesical Neck ◽  
Unit Action ◽  
Stimulation Of

The cavernoso-anal reflex was described in 17 healthy volunteers of whom 10 were men and 7 women (mean age 38.3 years). The electromyographic (EMG) response of the external (EAS) and internal (IAS) anal sphincters to ischio- and bulbo-cavernosus muscle stimulation was recorded. This was performed through insertion of a needle electrode into each of the 2 cavernosus muscles (stimulating electrode) and the 2 anal sphincters (recording electrode). The test was repeated once after anesthetizing the 2 anal sphincters and a second time after anesthetizing the 2 cavernosus muscles. The EAS and IAS contracted upon stimulation of each of the cavernosus muscles but did not respond to stimulation of the anesthetized muscles. The mean latency for the EAS was 33.8 ms and for the IAS 27.4 ms. During the sexual act, EAS contraction upon cavernosus muscle contraction evokes the ano-urethral reflex with a resulting EUS contraction. The latter closes the vesical neck and prevents retrograde ejaculation in men and urine leak in both sexes. Meanwhile, the role of anal sphincter contraction during the sexual act is unknown. However, the cavernoso-anal reflex could be included as a diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of neurologic and sexual disorders, in particular erectile dysfunction. Detectable changes in latency of the reflex or in motor unit action potentials would indicate nerve or muscle damage. This reflex seems to be more constant than the bulbo-cavernosus reflex and could replace it with respect to diagnosis of the afore-mentioned disorders.

scholarly journals Effectiveness and Quality of Life with Montelukast in Asthma – A double-blind randomized control trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirza Saif Ullah Baig ◽  
Rashid Ahmed Khan ◽  
Kamran Khan ◽  
Nadeem Rizvi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Asthma Control ◽  
Persistent Asthma ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Moderate Persistent Asthma

Objective: To determine the role of montelukast – a leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) – in improving the quality of life (QOL) and asthma control of adult patients with mild to moderate persistent asthma. Methods: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, non-crossover trial was conducted from March 2017 till November 2018 in three hospitals of Karachi and Hyderabad. Adults of age 15 years or more with mild to moderate persistent asthma. Treatment group was administered tablet montelukast 10mg once daily; the other group was given a similar looking placebo; as an adjuvant to the current medication. QOL was assessed with Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire – Standard (AQLQ-S) before and after the treatment. Asthma control was monitored via Asthma Control Test (ACT). Results: After 4 weeks, the mean ± SD of overall QOL on AQLQ-S improved from 3.74±0.88 to 5.06±0.89 for montelukast group and from 3.58±0.92 to 4.71±0.97 for placebo group (p=0.02). The improvement in sub-domains of symptoms, activity, and emotional functions was not significant; however, the sub-domain “environmental stimuli” significantly improved with 5.06±0.89 for montelukast group and 4.71±0.97 for placebo group (p=0.02). The mean ± SD of ACT, after four weeks, for montelukast group was 18.19±2.91 and for placebo group 17.28±3.36. Only on ACT, Montelukast did not show any statistically insignificant results. Conclusion: The role of montelukast in improving QOL of adult patients with mild to moderate persistent asthma is quite beneficial. It improves patient quality of life. It has the ease of once daily oral administration and also eradicates side effects associated with long-term adherence to steroids. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.42 How to cite this:Baig S, Khan RA, Khan K, Rizvi N. Effectiveness and Quality of Life with Montelukast in Asthma – A double-blind randomized control trial. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.42 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Sifat dan Peranan Keperibadian Guru Cemerlang Pendidikan Islam (GCPI) dan Hubungannya Dengan Motivasi Pelajar

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamarul Azmi Jasmi ◽  
Ab. Halim Tamuri ◽  
Mohd Izham Mohd Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Apparent Relationship ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level

Artikel ini cuba mengupas sifat dan peranan keperibadian Guru Cemerlang Pendidikan Islam (GCPI) terhadap pelajar dalam meningkatkan keberkesanan pengajaran dan pembelajaran di sekolah menengah dalam subjek Pendidikan Islam. Kupasan sifat dan peranan ini berdasarkan kajian yang dilaksanakan di beberapa buah sekolah menengah di Malaysia dalam bentuk soal selidik pelajar. Dalam kajian ini, beberapa kumpulan pelajar berlainan sekolah diminta menilai ciri keperibadian GCPI terhadap pelajar mereka masing-masing dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran di dalam kelas. Instrumen soal selidik pelajar digunakan bagi mendapatkan data kajian. Data ini kemudiannya dianalisis dengan menggunakan SPSS version 16.0. Hasil dapatan kajian menunjukkan min keseluruhan persepsi pelajar terhadap keperibadian GCPI dan motivasi mereka berada pada paras yang tinggi. Min keperibadian GCPI kepada penampilan adalah 4.50, keperibadian kepada pelajar (min = 4.00), dan motivasi pelajar (min = 4.30). Begitu juga sifat keperibadian ini mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan tinggi dan sederhana dengan motivasi pelajar dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran mereka di dalam bilik darjah. Kata kunci: Keperibadian; penampilan; motivasi pelajar This paper investigates the role of attitude and attributes of excellent Islamic Education teacher’s in enhancing the effectiveness of the teaching and learning process of the subject in secondary schools. The investigation was carried out in eight secondary schools throughout Malaysia. A set of questionnaires was distributed among secondary schoool students to evaluate the attitude of the excellent Islamic Education teachers in the classroom. Data was then analysed using SPSS version 16.0. It was found that the total mean of students’ perception on the attitude of the teachers and their motivation was at high level: i.e the mean attitude of teachers personality (mean = 4.50), attitude toward students (mean = 4.00), and student’s motivation (mean = 4.30). In addition, teachers’ attitude has an apparent relationship with student’s motivation during their teaching and learning process in the classroom. Key words: Attitude; personality; student’s motivation

Productivity of farmed wapiti in Alberta

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Friedel ◽  
R. J. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Multiple Birth ◽  
Production Ratio ◽  
Farm Survey ◽  
Calf Mortality ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Calving Rate ◽  
On Farm

Calving and weaning rates of 1084 wapiti hinds (females) were collected in the 1990 season by an on-farm survey of 50 producers in Alberta, to determine the reproductive performance of farmed wapiti. A calving rate of 81 and 96% for 2-yr-old and adult hinds, respectively, gave a provincial herd average of 93%. Weaning rates of 73% for 2-yr-old and 91% for adult hinds resulted in an 88% weaning rate overall. One set of triplets and three sets of twins gave a multiple birth ratio of one in 271 calvings. Overall calf mortality was 5.2% in the survey, with a trend (P = 0.07) for 2-yr olds to experience higher calf mortalities (9.5%) than adult hinds (4.4%). Dystocia accounted for two-thirds of the total calf mortalities reported in the survey. Although 2-yr olds calved later than adult hinds (11 June vs. 6 June), hind pre-rut weight influenced calving dates. Male calves were heavier (94 vs. 85 kg, (P = 0.0001) than female calves at 100 d due to their faster growth rate (753 vs. 686 g d−1, P = 0.0001). Growth rate and consequently weaning weights were positively influenced by hind pre-rut weight. The mean length of the breeding season was 111 d with producers exposing an average of 21 hinds per breeding stag on 1.2 ha of pasture per wapiti yr−1. The calf production ratio at 200 d was 52.5 kg calf per 100 kg hind for individual females weaning a calf, and was 46.2 kg calf per 100 kg of hind exposed on a herd basis. Pre-rut weaning was associated with improved calving (3.3%), weaning rates (2.6% in adult hinds and 13.4% in young hinds), decreased calf mortality (3.2%), advanced calving dates (5 d), and improved growth to 200 d (8%). Key words: Game farming, wapiti, reproduction, calving, weaning, growth

CHROMATOGRAPHY OF THE 17-KETOGENIC STEROIDS IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND CONTROL OF CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (II) ◽  
pp. 230-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen E. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
List Type ◽  
Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Paediatric Practice ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cortisone Therapy ◽  
And Control ◽  
Clinical Problems ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT A method for the fractionation of the urinary 17-ketogenic steroids with no oxygen grouping at C11 and those oxygenated at C11, is applied to the clinical problems of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. In normal children the mean ratio of the non-oxygenated to oxygenated steroids is 0.24. In childrern with congenital adrenal hyperplasia the ratio is 2.3. The reason for this difference in ratio is discussed. The changes in ratio found under stimulation of the adrenal gland with exogenous or endogenous corticotrophin and the suppression with cortisone therapy are studied. This test can be applied to isolated samples of urine, a major advantage in paediatric practice, and can be carried out in routine laboratories. It is found to be reliable in the diagnosis and sensitive in the control of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Stimulation of Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of the sperm acrosome by cAMP acting downstream of phospholipase A2

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Garde ◽  
ER Roldan
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Phospholipase C ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Dibutyryl Camp ◽  
Camp Phosphodiesterase ◽  
Ram Sperm ◽  
Camp Formation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Spermatozoa undergo exocytosis in response to agonists that induce Ca2+ influx and, in turn, activation of phosphoinositidase C, phospholipase C, phospholipase A2, and cAMP formation. Since the role of cAMP downstream of Ca2+ influx is unknown, this study investigated whether cAMP modulates phospholipase C or phospholipase A2 using a ram sperm model stimulated with A23187 and Ca2+. Exposure to dibutyryl-cAMP, phosphodiesterase inhibitors or forskolin resulted in enhancement of exocytosis. However, the effect was not due to stimulation of phospholipase C or phospholipase A2: in spermatozoa prelabelled with [3H]palmitic acid or [14C]arachidonic acid, these reagents did not enhance [3H]diacylglycerol formation or [14C]arachidonic acid release. Spermatozoa were treated with the phospholipase A2 inhibitor aristolochic acid, and dibutyryl-cAMP to test whether cAMP acts downstream of phospholipase A2. Under these conditions, exocytosis did not occur in response to A23187 and Ca2+. However, inclusion of dibutyryl-cAMP and the phospholipase A2 metabolite lysophosphatidylcholine did result in exocytosis (at an extent similar to that seen when cells were treated with A23187/Ca2+ and without the inhibitor). Inclusion of lysophosphatidylcholine alone, without dibutyryl-cAMP, enhanced exocytosis to a lesser extent, demonstrating that cAMP requires a phospholipase A2 metabolite to stimulate the final stages of exocytosis. These results indicate that cAMP may act downstream of phospholipase A2, exerting a regulatory role in the exocytosis triggered by physiological agonists.

THE ROLE OF COMMUNICATIVE AND FUNCTIONAL APPROACH IN THE TRANSLATION OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL LITERATURE (Ukrainian — German discourse)

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (27) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
Svitlana Gruschko
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Communication Structure ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Translation Strategy ◽  
Purposeful Activity

The article investigates the role of communicative-functional approach in the translation of scientific and technical literature, when the translation itself is seen as a tool to accomplish purposeful activity of communicators, representatives of different interlingual groups. In practical terms, the difficulties of translating scientific and technical texts are due to the peculiarities of scientific style, insufficient understanding of the terminology of a particular field of knowledge, which complicates the choice of adequate translation solutions. In this context, an important role is played by the translation strategy, where the communicativefunctional approach dominates. The translation is implicitly included in the communication structure between the author and the recipient. The relevance of the article is determined by the necessity of studying the problems of scientific and technical literature translation, taking into account the current realities of interlanguage information exchange. Key words: communicative-functional approach, interlingual communication, translation, structure

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