PROTEIN INTAKE AND WATER TURNOVER: A COMPARISON OF TWO EQUIVALENTLY SIZED AFRICAN ANTELOPE THE BLESBOK Damaliscus dorcas AND IMPALA Aepyceros melampus

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 212-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. FAIRALL ◽  
D. R. KLEIN
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Aepyceros Melampus

Water turnover in blesbok and impala was studied in the field. Water turnover of the impala was double that of blesbok, this difference was related to crude protein values in the diet. These facts are related to the evolutionary adaptations of the species. Key words: Water turnover, protein intake, impala, blesbok

COMPARATIVE THERMOREGULATORY BEHAVIOR OF IMPALA (Aepyceros melampus) AND BLESBOK (Damaliscus dorcas)

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
D. R. KLEIN ◽  
N. FAIRALL
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Thermoregulatory Behavior ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Activity Behavior ◽  
Body Heat ◽  
Aepyceros Melampus

The impala exhibits a narrow temperature tolerance, remains active but seeks shade and rests while standing during high ambient temperatures. The blesbok basks to gain body heat, reduces activity by lying during high ambient temperatures and has a lower rate of body water turnover than the impala. Key words: Blesbok, impala, thermoregulation, daily activity, behavior

scholarly journals The effect of ammoniation on the nutritive value of tall wheatgrass

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 867-870
Author(s):  
R. D. H. Cohen ◽  
K. A. Cruise ◽  
J. A. Kernan ◽  
E. C. Coxworth ◽  
J. E. Knipfel
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Tall Wheatgrass ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein

Tall wheatgrass (TWG, Agropyron elongatum (Host) Beauvois) was harvested at anthesis, ammoniated, fed to sheep and its nutritive value was compared with that of nonammoniated TWG. Ammoniation increased organic matter digestibility (OMD) from 59.2 to 65.9% (SEM = 1.45; P < 0.001), acid detergent fibre digestibility (ADFD) from 53.2 to 63.4% (SEM = 2.14; P < 0.001), neutral detergent fibre digestibility (NDFD) from 55.2 to 69.3% (SEM = 2.90; P < 0.001), digestible organic matter (DOMI) from 25.8 to 44.3 g kg−0.75 d−1 (SEM = 3.90; P < 0.001) and digestible crude protein intake (DCPI) from 1.33 to 5.97 g kg−0.75 d−1 (SEM = 0.97; P < 0.001). Key words: Tall wheatgrass, ammoniation, intake, digestibility, fibre, sheep

ULTRAFILTRATED WHEY PERMEATE PRODUCTS FOR GROWING-FINISHING STEERS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1309-1314
Author(s):  
D. J. SCHINGOETHE ◽  
D. P. CASPER ◽  
W. J. COSTELLO ◽  
D. G. ROLLINS
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Whey Permeate ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Additional Processing

A 119-d field study with 50 Holstein steers weighing 408 ± 16 kg at the start evaluated feeding ultrafiltrated permeate of whey or three products made from additional processing of the permeate. Liquid permeates provided more than 17% of total dry matter intake while concentrated, ammoniated permeates provided more than 26% of crude protein intake. All whey permeate products tested were utilized well as indicated by weight gains, feed consumption, and carcass quality. Key words: Whey, whey products, cattle

scholarly journals Introducing Mediterranean Lupins in Lambs’ Diets: Effects on Growth and Digestibility

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 942
Author(s):  
Mariana Almeida ◽  
Sofia Garcia-Santos ◽  
Ana Nunes ◽  
Sara Rito ◽  
Jorge Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Livestock Feeding

Lupins are suitable candidates to replace soybean meal in livestock feeding in the Mediterranean area, presenting a solution for the European Union’s dependence on soybean importations. This study aimed to assess the effect of incorporating Lupinus albus and Lupinus luteus into Churra da Terra Quente lambs’ diets on growth performance and digestibility. Two trials were conducted over two years. In trial 1, two experimental diets containing 50 g/kg Lupinus albus and 50 g/kg Lupinus luteus were tested. In trial 2, lambs were fed with diets containing higher incorporations of Lupinus luteus (100, 150, and 200 g/kg: LL10, LL15, and LL20, respectively). Total dry matter, hay dry matter, and crude protein intake were calculated, as well as average daily gains. At the end of the growth trials, dry matter, organic matter, and NDF digestibility was determined. Incorporating 50 g/kg of lupins did not affect (p > 0.05) the performance. Lambs fed on LL20 diets presented the lowest HDMI and CPI values (p < 0.05). The highest intakes (p < 0.05) were observed from LL15 lambs. No differences were found in apparent digestibility coefficients between diets (p > 0.05), except for NDF digestibility which was highest (p < 0.05) for LL20. The optimum level of lupin inclusion in lambs’ diets seems to be 150 g/kg.

The Potency of Bifidobacterium spp. as an Alternative to Antibiotic Growth Promoters on Feed Conversion Ratio, Feed Efficiency, and Nutrient Intake in Laying Hens

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-290
Author(s):  
Andreas Berny Yulianto ◽  
Anam Al Arif ◽  
Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growth Promoters

This article describes a new idea about using Bifidobacteriumsp isolates as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters, based on the ability of Bifidobacteriumsp isolates, which have the potential as a probiotic in laying hens. This study aims to prove that Bifobacteriumsp could improve production performance, including feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency, and nutrient intake (feed intake, crude protein intake, crude fiber intake, lipid intake, and organic matter). A total of 150 laying hens at 25 weeks of age were divided into three groups (P0: control, P1: 0.1% antibiotic growth promoters, P1: 0.05% Bifidobacterium spp. probiotic) and fed on a basal diet containing 2750 kcal/kg metabolizable energy and 18% crude protein for four weeks. The different supplementation to the basal diets showed significant differences (p<0.05) on feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency, feed intake, crude protein intake, crude fiber intake, lipid intake, and organic matter intake among the treatments. However, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, crude protein intake, crude fiber intake, lipid intake, and organic matter intake were lowest in the group fed with 0.5% of Bifidobacterium spp. The highest feed efficiency was obtained from the groups fed with 0.5% of Bifidobacterium spp, compared with the control and supplemented antibiotics growth promoters group. 0.5% of Bifidobacterium spp. supplementation to the diet of laying hens is beneficial for increasing feed efficiency and improving feed conversion ratio. The practical and theoretical significance of the results is that Bifidobacterium spp. can be used to improve production performance in laying hens.

Calcium absorption and bone density in immature horses fed two levels of crude protein

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
H.S. Spooner ◽  
G.D. Potter ◽  
P.G. Gibbs ◽  
E.M. Eller
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Faecal Ph

Research in other animal models indicate that high protein diets increase urinary calcium (Ca) excretion and may lead to a negative Ca balance and reduced bone density. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of two common levels of dietary protein intake on physiological parameters, Ca absorption, and bone density in immature horses. Sixteen 10-month old horses were blocked by age and sex into two dietary treatments. The control diet (C) was formulated using common ingredients to provide 100% of the National Research Council (NRC) for crude protein (CP), while the high protein diet (H) was formulated at 150% of NRC recommendations. Lower than expected dietary intake resulted in mean protein intake of 769±16 g/d in C and 978±18 g/d in H, equivalent to 91% and 116% of NRC, respectively. Blood, urine, and faeces were collected during the 112-day study to determine pH and mineral balance. Radiographs of the left third metacarpal were used to estimate bone density via radiographic bone aluminum equivalence (RBAE). Although urine pH decreased over time (P<0.001), no change in blood or urine pH was observed due to diet. Faecal pH, normalised to day 0, was significantly lower in H (P<0.02). Faecal Ca loss was greater in H (P<0.005); while Ca absorption and absorption as a percent of intake were lower for H (P<0.02). RBAE of dorsal and palmar cortices increased over time (P<0.001), but no differences were observed between diets. While excess dietary protein decreased faecal pH, increased faecal Ca excretion, and decreased Ca absorption, there appeared to be no effect on bone density over the course of this study.

Choice feeding as a method of determining lamb nutrient requirements and growth potential

1986 ◽  
Vol 1986 ◽  
pp. 72-72
Author(s):  
M. Cropper ◽  
M. Lloyd ◽  
G.C. Emmans ◽  
C.E. Hinks
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Choice Feeding

The experiment described here was designed to test the proposition that lambs, given access to two feeds, as a choice, one abundant in crude protein (CP), the other deficient, can both select a diet which supports their potential growth rate and which avoids excesses of protein intake.Twenty four Suffolk x Greyface wether and females, at a mean liveweight of 20.2 kg (s.e. 0.6) were individually housed and their feed intake and liveweight recorded weekly.The four pelleted feeds used were highly digestible and had estimated energy yields of 10.5 MJ ME/kg freshweight. The basal feed (A) was made from equal parts barley and sugar beet pulp plus a vitamin/mineral mix. It contained 91 g CP/kg FW. Feed D was made by substituting fishmeal for the barley in feed A such that it contained 383g CP/kg. Feed B contained one third D and two thirds A and contained 182g CP/kg. Féed C contained two thirds D and one third A, giving a CP content of 266g CP/kg. Thus each of the four feeds A, B, C and D could be described in terms of either the proportion of feed A or the crude protein which it contained.Four lambs were offered feed A alone, and four lambs received feed B only. Twelve of the lambs were given ad 1ibitum access to both the basal feed A and one of the three other feeds B, C and D, for ten weeks. Four lambs were offered a choice between feed B and feed D for four weeks.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Ransum dengan Kualitas Berbeda Terhadap Profil Darah, Produksi Susu dan Pertambahan Bobot Badan Sapi Perah

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aqni Hanifa
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Hb Concentration

<div class="Section1"><p class="Style1"><em>An experiment was conducted to study blood profile, milk yield and </em><em>liveweight gain of dairy cows as affected by dietary different quality of diets. The </em><em>experiment used </em><em>15 </em><em>lactating PFH were assigned into three treatments of diets and</em></p></div><em><br clear="all" /> </em><p class="Style1"><em> </em><em>five replication, three treatments of diets were </em><em>: </em><em>1) T1 (CP </em><em>12% dan TDN 65%); 2) T2 (CP 14% dan TDN 70%) dan 3) T3 (CP 16% dan TDN 75%).</em></p><p class="Style1"><em>The results of this experiment showed that the average of dry matter (DM) intake on Tl, T2 and T3 treatments were </em><em>8,59; </em><em>10,03 and </em><em>10,94 </em><em>kg/d, respectively </em><em>(P&lt;0,01). The average of crude protein intake (CP) on T1, </em><em>T2 and T3 treatments were 1,06; 1,44 and 1,71 kg/d (P&lt;0,01), also the average of TDN intake on T1, T2 and T3 treatments were 5,52; 6,86 and 8,02 kg/d (P&lt;0,01). The average of Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration on T1, T2 and T3 treatments were 10,21: 11,18 and 10,44 g/dl (P&gt;0,05), also the average of eritrosit value on TI, T2 and T3 treatments were 3,37; 3,73 and 3,48 million/mm<sup>3;</sup>, respectively (P&gt;0,05). The average of milk yield on T1, T2 and T3 treatments were 8,12; 11,29 and 13,42 l/d (P&lt;0,05). The average of liveweight gain on TI, T2 and T3 treatments were 81,66; 117,71 and 320,00 g/d (P&gt;0,05). </em></p><p class="Style1"><em>The conclusions of this research was the highest level of CP and </em><em>"1'DN </em><em>in </em><em>diets (CP 16% and </em><em>TDN 75%) showed that feed intake (DM, CP and TDN) and milk yield gave the best than other treatments. Different dietary quality of diets altered significant on feed intake (DM, CP and TDN) and milk yield, but the treatments did not affect on liveweight gain, Fib and eritrosit concentration.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><em>Key words :     diets quality, feed intake, blood profile, milk yield, liveweight gain, dairy cows</em>

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF SOURCE AND LEVEL OF NITROGEN ON THE UTILIZATION OF SORGHUM STOVER BY YANKASA RAMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
F. OLALERU ◽  
T. A. ADEGBOLA
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Designed Experiment ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein

The effects of cotton seed cake (CSC) or urea in supplying either 12% or 16% crude protein on sorghum stover utilization by Yankasa rams was studied for twelve weeks, using a 2 x 2 factorially designed experiment. Nutrient intake, digestibility, weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were monitored. In vitro volatile fatty acid (VFA) and ammonia-nitrogen (NH,-N) concentrations were also determined. The result of the study indicated that the source and/or level of nitrogen (or crude protein) significantly (P<0.05) affected crude protein intake (CPI), digestible crude protein intake (DCPI) and in vitro NH,-N concentration. Total feed intake, live weight gain (LWG), FCR and DCPI were significantly (P<0.05) affected by source x level interaction. Acid detergent fibre (A DF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) intakes, CP, ADF and NDF digestibilities, digestible ADF and NDF intakes, stover intake and in vitro VFA concentration were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by either main effects of CP source and level or their interaction. The rams on the 16% CSC and 12% urea ration gained more weight and had lower FCR than those on the 12% CSC and 16% urea. The 16% CSC ration gave the best result in terms of sorghum stover supplementation. The 12% urea treatment which also had a good result in terms of weight gain and FCR could also be recommended for use.

Effect of altering the protein intake of spring-born calves on calf performance

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 ◽  
pp. 192-192
Author(s):  
H. C. F. Wicks ◽  
R. J. Fallon ◽  
J. Twigge ◽  
L. E. R. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Calf Performance

Results of a recent study (Wicks et al. 2005) indicate that increasing the protein content of the milk replacer fed to autumn-born Holstein-Friesian calves reduced growth rates in the first 8 weeks of life. Van Amburgh et al., (2001) previously suggested that increasing both milk replacer intake and protein content maximised the growth of calves during this early phase of life. An experiment was undertaken to investigate the influence of level of milk replacer and crude protein content on calf performance during the first 8 weeks of life of spring-born calves.

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