THE TOTAL AND DIGESTIBLE YIELD OF NUTRIENTS IN BARLEY CULTIVARS GROWN IN THE PEACE RIVER AREA OF ALBERTA FED TO GROWING SWINE

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. ANDERSON ◽  
W. C. SAUER ◽  
H. JØRGENSEN ◽  
P. A. THACKER
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Peace River ◽  
Gross Energy

Seven barrows (Yorkshire × Lacombe) weighing 40 kg at the beginning and 95 kg at the end of the experiment were used in a latin square design experiment to determine the apparent digestibility of selected nutrients in barley cultivars. Seven barley cultivars, representing both six-rowed (Gateway, Klondike, Bonanza and Galt) and two-rowed (Klages, Fairfield and Betzes) varieties, grown on demonstration plots in the Peace River area of Alberta, were tested. Apparent dry matter digestibilities ranged from 82.9% for Galt to 85.7% for Klages (P < 0.05). Protein digestibility ranged from 65.2% for Galt to 69.4% for Betzes. Coefficients of digestion for gross energy ranged from 81.2% for Galt to 84.2% for Klages (P < 0.05). Lysine digestibility ranged from 48.1% for Galt to 61.7% for Bonanza (P < 0.05). Based on long-term average yields, gross and digestible energy yield per hectare were highest from Galt, followed by Klondike, Klages, Fairfield, Bonanza, Betzes and Gateway. Total and digestible yield of protein was highest for Galt and lowest for Klages. However, in terms of total and available yield of lysine, Bonanza ranked the highest. Fairfield had the highest yield of grain, gross energy and digestible energy, based on actual plot yields, followed by Klondike, Bonanza, Gateway, Klages, Betzes and Galt. Yields of total and available protein and lysine from actual plot data were highest for Bonanza and lowest for Galt. Key words: Digestibility, barley, composition, cultivar, swine

The effect of different proportions of hay and fortified rolled barley in the diet on digestible-energy value and urinary-energy excretion by cattle

1972 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Raven
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Concentrate Treatment

SUMMARYA 6 x 6 Latin Square balance experiment was carried out using six Friesian steers, each of which initially weighed about 304 kg. The six treatments studied were an all-hay diet and five other diets containing 20,40,60,80 and 100 % of rolled barley fortified with mineral and vitamin supplements, accompanied by correspondingly reduced proportions of hay. Each diet was fed at an estimated maintenance level of feeding.The progressive increase in the proportion of concentrate gave a significantly linear increase (P < 0·001) in both digestible and calculated metabolizable energy. The actual increase in digestible energy was from 2·62Mcal/kg dry matter (59·3% of the gross energy) on the all-hay treatment to 3·42 Mcal/kg dry matter (79·5% of the gross energy) on the all-concentrate treatment. Use of the determined digestible energy values for the all-hay and fortified barley diets to calculate the digestible energy of the four mixed diets gave results in reasonably good agreement with the determined values, the maximum difference being 0·12 Mcal/kg dry matter, which represented 3·83 % of the determined value. The losses of energy in the urine expressed as percentages of the gross energy of the diets showed a small but significantly linear decrease (P < 0·01) with increase in proportion of barley in the diet. The molar proportions of steamvolatile acids in samples of rumen fluid taken from two animals on each treatment indicated that increase in the proportion of concentrate was associated with tendencies for increase in acetic acid, decrease in propionic acid and little change in butyric acid. The mean digestibility of the organic matter was 62·6 % on the all-hay treatment and 81·8 % on the all concentrate treatment. The progressive increase in the proportion of concentrate gave a significantly linear increase (P < 0·001) in digestibility of the organic matter. Although intakes of nitrogen decreased with increase in the proportion of concentrate due to a decrease in the amount of dry matter fed, the weights of nitrogen retained were well maintained and when expressed as percentages of intake showed a significantly linear increase (P < 0·01).

scholarly journals Wieloletnie użytkowanie ślazowca pensylwańskiego – wartościowego źródła biomasy

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-116
Author(s):  
Roman Molas ◽  
Halina Borkowska ◽  
Barbara Sawicka
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
Biomass Feedstocks ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Propagation Methods ◽  
The Impact

Next-generation biomass feedstocks are needed to optimize sustainability in a wide range of soils and climates. Species that has been recently noticed in Europe is Virginia fanpetals (Sida hermaphrodita L. Rusby). A critical question with research of this species is its field propagation. A long-term (2003–2012), field experiment was conducted to determine the impact of propagation method on yields and productivity this species. The hypothesis was higher yields of S. hermaphrodita biomass from vegetative propagations than from generative propagations, also over the long term. On average, from first 10 years of lifespan of Virginia fanpetals (2003–2012), biomass dry matter (DM) yields were significantly higher by vegetative propagation (16.8 Mg ha–1) as for generative (10.9 Mg ha–1). The average gross energy yield obtained by the vegetative propagation reached 304 GJ ha–1 while by the generative propagation was 196 GJ ha–1. The determined heat of combustion reached 18.1 GJ Mg–1 DM, the ash content was 28 g kg–1, and the nitrogen (N), sulphur (S), and chlorine (Cl) contents were 1.9 g kg–1, 0.52 g kg–1 and 0.23 g kg–1, respectively, regardless of propagation methods.

A note on the apparent digestibility and nutritive value of whole cottonseed given to sheep

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Karalazos ◽  
D. Dotas ◽  
J. Bikos
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Whole Cottonseed

Four castrated crossbred (Karagouniki♂ × Friesian♀) rams were used in a 4 × 4 Latin-square design to determine the apparent digestibility of four diets based on alfalfa hay and maize grain and containing varying proportions of whole cottonseed (WCS). The proportions of WCS studied were 0, 175, 355 and 530 g/kg diet dry matter (DM) and the respective apparent digestibility coefficients of DM were 0·744, 0·716, 0·689 and 0·625; of organic matter, 0·772, 0·739, 0·718 and 0·643; and of neutral-detergent fibre (NDF), 0·409, 0·481, 0·522 and 0·472. The gross energy (GE) apparent digestibility coefficients were 0·745, 0·722, 0·704 and 0·641, for the same order of treatments. The effect of the incorporation of WCS instead of maize grain in the diet in significantly reducing DM, OM and GE digestibility was evident. The lowest digestible energy value of WCS was observed in the treatment with the highest level of WCS.

Intakes andin vivoapparent digestibilities of four types of conserved grass forage by ponies

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. S. Moore-Colyer ◽  
A. C. Longland
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Gross Energy

AbstractThe intakes and in vivo apparent digestibilities (AD) of four forages: hay (H), haylage (HY), big-bale silage (BB) and clamp silage (CS), were investigated in Welsh cross pony geldings (live weight (LW) ca. 330 kg). The trial was a 4✕4 Latin-square design with diets offered at 1•65 g/kg dry matter (DM) per100 kg LW per day, in two equal meals. Food and faecal samples were analysed for DM, organic matter, crude protein (CP), gross energy, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg) and non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) composition and content. Significant differences (P < 0·05) in DM intakes (DMI) g/kg M0·75were recorded between foods, where HY = BB = H > CS. For all measurements AD was significantly (P < 0·05) higher for BB and CS than for H, with HY being intermediate in all but digestibilities of Ca and Mg. Digestibility of NSP of BB and CS were significantly (P < 0·05) greater than for H and HY. The digestible energy (DE) of H, HY, BB and CS were 5·75, 9·09, 9·83 and 11·98 MJ/kg DM respectively, which coupled with the corresponding DMI resulted in all foods but H meeting the theoretical daily DE requirements of the ponies. Similarly, theoretical digestible CP requirements were met on all diets except H. NSP fractions accounted for 0·5 of daily DE in both H and BB, which were significantly (P < 0·05) higher than for CS and HY at 0·4 and 0·2 respectively. These results indicate that CS, BB and HY are readily digested by ponies and thus offer suitable high-energy alternatives to hay in horse rations.

In vivo apparent digestibility in ponies given rolled, micronised or extruded barley

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 133-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
B M L McLean ◽  
J J Hyslop ◽  
A C Longland ◽  
D Cuddeford ◽  
T Hollands
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Physical Processing ◽  
Adaptation Phase

Processed cereals are used routinely in diets for equines but little information is available on how physical processing affects the digestibility of cereals in equines. This study examines the effects of three physical processing methods (rolling, micronisation and extrusion) on the in vivo apparent digestibility of barley fed to ponies.Three mature caecally-fistulated Welsh-cross pony geldings, (LW 284kg ± 3.8kg) were used in a 3 x 4 incomplete latin square changeover design experiment consisting of four 21 day periods. Each period comprised a sixteen day adaptation phase and a five day recording phase when apparent digestibility in vivo was determined. Ponies were offered 4kg dry matter (DM) per day of either 100% hay cubes (HC) or one of three diets consisting of a 50:50 barley:hay cubes mix. The barley in the mixed diets was either rolled barley (RB), micronised barley (MB) or extruded barley (EB). Diets were offered in 2 equal meals per day fed at 09:00 and 17:00 hours respectively.

scholarly journals Fermentation of Whole Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) with Different Dry Matter Concentrations: Effect on the Apparent Total Tract Digestibility of Energy, Crude Nutrients and Minerals in Growing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1199
Author(s):  
Reinhard Puntigam ◽  
Julia Slama ◽  
Daniel Brugger ◽  
Karin Leitner ◽  
Karl Schedle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

This study investigated the effects of sorghum ensiled as whole grains with different dry matter concentrations on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy, crude nutrients and minerals in growing pigs. Whole grain sorghum batches with varying dry matter (DM) concentrations of 701 (S1), 738 (S2) and 809 g kg−1 (S3) due to different dates of harvest from the same arable plot, were stored in air-tight kegs (6 L) for 6 months to ensure complete fermentation. Subsequently, 9 crossbred barrows (34.6 ± 1.8 kg; (Duroc x Landrace) × Piétrain)) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square feeding experiment. Diets were based on the respective sorghum grain silage and were supplemented with additional amino acids, minerals and vitamins to meet or exceed published feeding recommendations for growing pigs. The ATTD of gross energy, dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen-free extracts, and crude ash were higher in S1 compared to S3 treatments (p ≤ 0.05), while S2 was intermediate. Pigs fed S1 showed significantly higher ATTD of phosphorus (P) compared to all other groups while ATTD of calcium was unaffected irrespective of the feeding regime. In conclusion, growing pigs used whole grain sorghum fermented with a DM concentration of 701 g kg−1 (S1) most efficiently. In particular, the addition of inorganic P could have been reduced by 0.39 g kg−1 DM when using this silage compared to the variant with the highest DM value (809 g kg−1).

DIGESTION OF NUTRIENTS IN THE SMALL INTESTINE OF PIGS FED DIETS CONTAINING RAW AND AUTOCLAVED FABA BEANS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. IVAN ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Intestinal Uptake ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Faba Beans

Four castrated pigs, each fitted with a re-entrant cannula in the terminal ileum, were used to study digestion in the small intestine. A nitrogen-free diet was used for the estimation of metabolic nitrogen and amino acids. Faba beans, as the sole source of dietary protein, were used raw or after autoclaving for 30 or 60 min. The four diets were fed to the pigs in a 4 × 4 latin square experiment. The pigs were fed each diet for 6 days prior to a 24-hr collection of total ileal contents. Autoclaving of faba beans had no significant effect on digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, nitrogen and individual amino acids except arginine, which was significantly increased. The intestinal uptake of arginine was the highest and of cystine the lowest in all faba bean diets. It was concluded that autoclaving faba beans had no beneficial effect on the digestion of nutrients in the small intestine of the pig.

Digestible energy of wheat and oat grains when fed to sheep

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (53) ◽  
pp. 610 ◽  
Author(s):  
MC Nottle
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Feeding Trials

In pen feeding trials with eight Merino wethers, digestion coefficients were estimated for rations of cereal chaff-wheat grain-oat grain mixture, and wheat grain and oat grain fed separately at two levels of intake. Digestion coefficients for wheat and oat grain fed at 675 g/day in a double crossover experiment were dry matter 89.4, 80.8 per cent, organic matter 90.1, 82.6 per cent, protein 82.3, 77.6 per cent, ether extract 84.1, 90.9 per cent, crude fibre 33.2, 59.9 per cent, nitrogen free extractives 93.2, 85.8 per cent, energy 88.1, 81.0 per cent, total digestible nutrients 91.6, 87.1 per cent, and starch equivalents 90.7, 85.7. When these grains were fed at 785 g/day there was about 10 per cent improvement in crude fibre digestibility for both grains and 1-2 per cent improvement for other estimations with oats but not with wheat. The gross energy content of the wheat and oat grains when fed at 675 g/day was 4407 and 4700 calories/g dry matter. The digestible energy of the wheat in calories/g dry matter and organic matter was 3869 � 30, 3933 � 30 and for oats 3791 � 59, 3910 � 61. When fed at 785 g/day these values for wheat were 3850 � 50,3911 � 51 and for oats 3796 � 34, 3913 � 51. A highly significant relationship was found between energy and dry matter digestibility which for wheat diets was Y = 1.074x 7.840. r = 0.993 (P<0.001), and for oats and the mixed diet of cereal chaff-oat grain-wheat grain, Y = 0.983x + 1.550. r = 0.996 (P<0.001) where Y = energy and X = dry matter digestibility and r = the coefficient of correlation. Because of the similar digestible energy content of, and the body weight gains of sheep on, these two grains it was concluded that under the present conditions these grains were equivalent weight for weight.

UTILIZATION OF LODGEPOLE PINE (Pinus contorta) MUKA (FOLIAGE) BY SHEEP

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-471
Author(s):  
R. M. TAIT ◽  
C. GASTON ◽  
J. R. HUNT ◽  
G. M. BARTON
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Alfalfa Meal

Eight sheep were used in two 4 × 4 latin square digestion trials substituting alfalfa meal with unsteamed or steamed muka (foliage) at levels of 20, 40 or 60%. Including muka at all levels depressed (P < 0.05) the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and acid detergent fiber compared with the control alfalfa meal diet. When calculated by difference, the digestibility of muka dry matter and organic matter was not affected (P < 0.05) by either the level of its inclusion in the diets or by steaming. The mean dry matter and organic matter digestibilities of muka were 29.2 and 30.4%, respectively. The protein content of muka was 5.0% and the estimated protein digestibility at the 60% level of inclusion was only 6.6%. With unsteamed muka, the digestibility of acid detergent fiber calculated by difference averaged −11.9%, suggesting the presence of factors which depressed the digestibility of fiber in the basal diet. Steaming appeared to reduce this depression. A growth trial was conducted with lambs where alfalfa meal, as the sole roughage source, was compared to the same diet with 20% of the alfalfa replaced by steamed muka. Growth rates were not different (P > 0.05) being 142 and 138 g/day, respectively. A taste panel evaluation of the carcasses found no adverse effects on flavor due to the inclusion of steamed muka in the diet. Key words: Lodgepole pine muka, nutritive value, sheep

EVALUATION OF BUCKWHEAT (Fagopyrum esculentum) IN DIETS OF GROWING PIGS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 985-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. ANDERSON ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) was evaluated alone or with 25, 50, 75 or 100% replacement by wheat (W) or barley (B) in 16% protein diets fed to 72 crossbred pigs from 20 to 60 kg liveweight. Pigs were randomly alloted two per pen, within sex, and housed in confinement on partially slatted concrete floors. Daily feed consumption (1.89–2.27 kg/day), average daily gain (0.66–0.72 kg/day) and feed/gain (2.79–3.18) did not differ significantly (P < 0.05) between treatments. At 50% replacement of the buckwheat (BW) more feed (P < 0.05) was consumed (2.22 kg/day) than at 25 or 100% replacement levels (1.99 and 1.92 kg/day, respectively). More DE was consumed per kilogram of gain (DE/gain) (P < 0.05) by wheat-fed pigs than by barley-fed pigs (40.0 vs. 38.2 MJ DE/kg, respectively). The 50% substitution of either grain (42.1 MJ/kg) resulted in more DE/gain (P < 0.05) than observed on the BW only diet (37.1 MJ/kg). Two 4 × 4 latin square designs, with eight pigs initially weighing 40 kg, were used for determination of digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and gross energy (GE) in BW, W or B individually and in blends of BW and either W or B. Coefficients of digestibility for CP were 72.7%, 81.6% and 65.5% and for GE were 65.4%, 80.2% and 71.1% in BW, W and B, respectively. Blends of BW and W had digestibility coefficients for DM, CP and GE between the values determined for the grains individually but those determined for mixtures of BW and B were lower than expected based on coefficients determined for the grains individually. Buckwheat used contained 12% CP, 0.68% lysine, 12.3% acid detergent fiber on as fed basis and 9.6% digestible protein and 11.98 MJ of DE per kilogram dry matter. Key words: Buckwheat, pigs, digestibility, growth, mono-cereal diets

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document