UTILIZATION OF LODGEPOLE PINE (Pinus contorta) MUKA (FOLIAGE) BY SHEEP

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-471
Author(s):  
R. M. TAIT ◽  
C. GASTON ◽  
J. R. HUNT ◽  
G. M. BARTON
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Alfalfa Meal

Eight sheep were used in two 4 × 4 latin square digestion trials substituting alfalfa meal with unsteamed or steamed muka (foliage) at levels of 20, 40 or 60%. Including muka at all levels depressed (P < 0.05) the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and acid detergent fiber compared with the control alfalfa meal diet. When calculated by difference, the digestibility of muka dry matter and organic matter was not affected (P < 0.05) by either the level of its inclusion in the diets or by steaming. The mean dry matter and organic matter digestibilities of muka were 29.2 and 30.4%, respectively. The protein content of muka was 5.0% and the estimated protein digestibility at the 60% level of inclusion was only 6.6%. With unsteamed muka, the digestibility of acid detergent fiber calculated by difference averaged −11.9%, suggesting the presence of factors which depressed the digestibility of fiber in the basal diet. Steaming appeared to reduce this depression. A growth trial was conducted with lambs where alfalfa meal, as the sole roughage source, was compared to the same diet with 20% of the alfalfa replaced by steamed muka. Growth rates were not different (P > 0.05) being 142 and 138 g/day, respectively. A taste panel evaluation of the carcasses found no adverse effects on flavor due to the inclusion of steamed muka in the diet. Key words: Lodgepole pine muka, nutritive value, sheep

scholarly journals PSIV-13 Supplemental phytase increases phosphorus digestibility in pigs regardless of phytase source or feed pelleting

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 229-229
Author(s):  
Bokyung Hong ◽  
Beob G Kim
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Fecal Collection

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of phytase source and feed pelleting on digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein, organic matter (OM), and phosphorus (P) with different doses of phytase in pigs. In Exp. 1, ten barrows (31.4 ± 3.5 kg of BW) were individually housed in metabolic crates and allotted to a replicated 5 × 6 Latin square design with 5 diets and 6 periods. In Exp. 2, ten barrows (28.2 ± 3.2 kg of BW) were individually housed in metabolic crates and allotted to a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design with 5 diets and 5 periods. Each period lasted 10 d consisted of a 5-d adaptation and a 5-d collection periods and the marker to marker method was used for fecal collection. In both experiments, a basal diet was prepared based on corn and soybean meal without phytase or inorganic P. Four additional diets were prepared in a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement with 2 phytase sources (Buttiauxella spp. or Escherichia coli) and 2 feed forms (mash or pellet). Both experiments employed the same treatments but had different supplemental phytase doses (500 and 1,500 FTU/kg in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively). In Exp. 1, supplemental phytase increased standardized total tract digestibility of P (66.1 vs. 51.7%; P &lt; 0.001) with no effects of phytase source or feed pelleting. Feed pelleting increased digestibility of DM, crude protein, and OM (P &lt; 0.001). In Exp. 2, supplemental phytase increased standardized total tract digestibility of P (72.8 vs. 44.8%; P &lt; 0.001) with no effects of phytase source or feed pelleting. Feed pelleting increased digestibility of DM and OM (P &lt; 0.001). Taken together, supplemental phytase at 500 and 1,500 FTU/kg increases P digestibility regardless of phytase source or feed pelleting.

Effects of processing on rumen degradabilities and intestinal digestibilities of soyabean meal, and low and high glucosinolate rapeseed meals in cattle

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 220-220
Author(s):  
A.M. Subuh ◽  
T.G. Rowan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Soyabean Meal

In an experiment of 3 x 3 Latin Square design, 3 heifers each fitted with rumen and simple T-piece duodenal cannulae were used to determine the effects of method of processing soyabean meal (SBM), and low (LRSM) and high (HRSM) glucosinolate rapeseed meals on rumen degradabilities (RD) and intestinal digestibilities of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N) and organic matter (0M) using a mobile nylon bag technique.Heifers were given a basal diet of hay (0.55 of DM intake) and mineralized barley with LRSM (0.45 of DM intake) to provide a ME intake of > 2 x maintenance. The diet was offered twice a day and a period of four weeks was allowed before the experiment. Methods of processing were formaldehyde (FT, 0.8 HCH0/l6g N), heat (HT, 110°C for 2 h) and untreated (UT). After processing the feedstuffs were ground and 1g samples were placed in sealed nylon bags (3-5 x 5.5 cm). The bags were placed in a plastic mesh cylinder and incubated in the rumen for 0, 12, and 24 hours.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE USE OF FOUR PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS BY WEST AFRICAN DWARF (WAD) SHEEP.

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
A. A. TAIWO ◽  
E. A. ADEBOWALE ◽  
A. O. AKINSOYINU ◽  
J. F. D. GREENHALGH
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

Feedblocks, poultry manure diet, gliricidia: leucaena mixture (1:1 W/W) and maize offal diet were compared as sources of protein supplements for WAD sheep fed a basal diet of elephant grass hay (Pennisetum purpureum), through a 12-week performance and digestibility study. Dry matter and organic matter intakes (DMI, OMI) of the sheep were higher (P0.05) on the gliricidia: leucaena supplement than on the other diets. DMI on poultry manure and maize offal diets were not significant (P0.05). Organic matter intake (OMI) of the animals followed the same trend as DMI. Sheep fed legume supplements excelled in intakes of crude protein (CP), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and digestibilities of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (P>0.05). Intakes of CP and ADF by sheep on the other supplements were not significantly different (P>0.05). Sheep fed on feedblock supplement consumed the least amount. (P0.05) of NDF. Variations were observed in DM,OM, and NDF digestibilities by sheep on maize offal, poultry manure and legumes supplements. Crude protein digestibility in the legumes and feedblocks supplements was higher (P0.05) than with the other two supplements. All the sheep used gained weights but those on maize offa' diet recorded higher (P0.05). weight gain (86.57g) than those on browse leaves (59.40g), feedblocks (47.80g) and poultry manure (40.44g). Rumen pH was lower (P<0.05) on the gliricidia: leucaena supplement than on other diets. Total VFA recorded for sheep on maize offal diet and legumes supplements was higher (P<0.05) than for the other two supplements. Blood urea nitrogen of the supplements were not significantly different (P>0.05) 

NUTRITIVE VALUE OF GROUND AND/OR AMMONIATED CORN STOVER

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. MORRIS ◽  
D. N. MOWAT
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
Forage Harvester

Corn stover stacks were harvested and a portion of these were treated with anhydrous ammonia at a level of 3% of dry matter (DM) and left covered with plastic for at least 30 days during the fall of 1977. In the spring, both treated and untreated corn were chopped through a forage harvester. A portion of each was then ground through a 1.3-cm screen. Treatments were: untreated chopped, untreated ground, ammoniated chopped, ammoniated ground. Treatments were evaluated with eight Hereford-Angus yearling steers in a double 4 × 4 latin square design. In addition to the stover, rations contained 10% molasses, 6% soybean meal, and 2.3% mineral mix. Urea was added to the untreated rations at the level of 1.6% to make rations isonitrogenous. Steers were injected with vitamins A, D and E at 90-day intervals. With both control and ammoniated rations, grinding increased (P < 0.001) intake on a body weight raised to the 0.75 power basis (MBW) of DM, digestible energy (DE) and digestible DM by 47%, 39%) and 39%), respectively. With both chopped and ground stover rations, ammoniation increased (P < 0.001) intake of digestible DM and DE and increased (P < 0.01) intake of DM all on a MBW basis by 22%, 31% and 12%), respectively. However, grinding decreased digestibilities of DM and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (P < 0.001) and of organic matter (OM) (P < 0.01) by 5%, 10% and 5%, respectively. With both chopped and ground stover rations, ammoniation increased (P < 0.001) digestibility of DM, OM, and NDF by 9%, 9% and 14%, respectively. Ammoniation plus grinding increased (P < 0.01) intake (MBW) of DM, digestible DM and DE by 64%), 71% and 85%), respectively, over untreated chopped rations. Grinding increased (P < 0.01) rumen acetate 0.5 h preprandially but did not significantly affect other rumen parameters measured preprandially or 2 h postprandially. Ammoniation increased (P < 0.01) rumen propionate 0.5 h preprandially but did not significantly affect the remaining rumen parameters. Before versus after feeding levels of rumen metabolites did not differ except for an increase (P < 0.01) in ammonia-N and total VFA postprandially. No significant treatment interactions were present.

A note on the apparent digestibility and nutritive value of whole cottonseed given to sheep

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Karalazos ◽  
D. Dotas ◽  
J. Bikos
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Whole Cottonseed

Four castrated crossbred (Karagouniki♂ × Friesian♀) rams were used in a 4 × 4 Latin-square design to determine the apparent digestibility of four diets based on alfalfa hay and maize grain and containing varying proportions of whole cottonseed (WCS). The proportions of WCS studied were 0, 175, 355 and 530 g/kg diet dry matter (DM) and the respective apparent digestibility coefficients of DM were 0·744, 0·716, 0·689 and 0·625; of organic matter, 0·772, 0·739, 0·718 and 0·643; and of neutral-detergent fibre (NDF), 0·409, 0·481, 0·522 and 0·472. The gross energy (GE) apparent digestibility coefficients were 0·745, 0·722, 0·704 and 0·641, for the same order of treatments. The effect of the incorporation of WCS instead of maize grain in the diet in significantly reducing DM, OM and GE digestibility was evident. The lowest digestible energy value of WCS was observed in the treatment with the highest level of WCS.

scholarly journals Nutritive value of enzyme-supplemented carinata meal for growing pigs1

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1359-1368
Author(s):  
Jinsu Hong ◽  
Jung Wook Lee ◽  
Dan Pettersson ◽  
Tofuko A Woyengo
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Livestock Feeding ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Carinata meal is increasingly available for livestock feeding. However, the effects of supplemental phytase and fiber degrading enzymes on nutritive value of carinata meal for pigs have not been reported. Objective of the study was to evaluate the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acid (AA), and digestible energy (DE) and net energy (NE) values of phytase- and fiber-degrading enzymes-supplemented carinata meal for growing pigs. Ten ileal-cannulated pigs (initial body weight = 53.9 ± 4.76 kg) were fed 4 diets in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with two additional columns to give 10 replicates per diet. Diets included a corn-soybean meal (SBM)-based basal diet, basal diet with 25% carinata meal, basal diet with 25% carinata meal plus phytase at 2,000 FTU/kg and multi-carbohydrase at 0.2 g/kg, and in addition a nitrogen-free diet. The multicarbohydrase supplied 4 units of xylanase, 10 units of β-glucanase, and 1,000 units of pectinase per kilogram of diet. The ratio of corn to SBM and soybean oil in carinata meal-containing diets was identical to that in the corn-SBM-based basal diet to allow calculation of AA and energy digestibility of carinata meal by the difference method. On a dry matter basis, carinata meal contained 50.2% crude protein, 0.88% ether extract, 15.37% acid detergent fiber, 1.82% Lys, 0.96% Met, 1.89% Thr, and 0.64% Trp, respectively. The SID of Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp for carinata meal were 51.4%, 82.2%, 65.9%, and 85.9%, respectively. The DE and NE values for carinata meal were 3,427 and 1,828 kcal/kg of dry matter, respectively. Supplementation of a combination of phytase and multicarbohydrase did not affect the apparent ileal digestibility of AA and SID of AA for the corn-SBM-carinata meal-based diet, and for the carinata meal. However, the combination of phytase and multicarbohydrase did improve (P &lt; 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility, and DE and NE values for carinata meal by 9.4%, 9.5%, and 12.4%, respectively. In conclusion, the enzymes used in the current study could be added in carinata meal-based diets for growing pigs to improve the energy value.

scholarly journals Composition, digestibility and nutritive value of cereals for dogs

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. KEMPE ◽  
M. SAASTAMOINEN ◽  
S. HYYPPÄ
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein

Most dry dog foods are based on cereals, but very little published information and few comparative studies are available on the nutritive value of various cereals in dogs. To determine the apparent nutrient digestibilities and feed values of five different autoclave-processed and ground cereals: oat groats, barley, wheat, corn and rice, a digestibility trial was carried out on twelve adult huskies according to a 6 x 4 cyclic changeover design. Total tract organic matter (OM), crude carbohydrate and gross energy (GE) digestibilities were higher in rice than in all the other cereals. Apparent crude protein (CP) and acid hydrolyzed fat digestibilities of rice (80% and 94%, respectively) were as good as for oat groats (81% and 93%). However, oat groats had higher OM, CP and GE digestibilities than barley, wheat and corn. The amount of digestible crude protein (118 g kg-1 DM) was higher in oat groats than in the other cereals. Digestible energy contents (MJ kg-1 DM) of oat groats, rice, corn, wheat and barley were 17.1, 16.0, 15.7, 15.6 and 15.5, respectively. The quantity of excreted wet faeces increased and the percentage of dry matter (DM) in faeces decreased when oat groats, barley, wheat or corn were supplemented to the basal diet, in contrast to rice, which had the opposite effect on wet faeces excretion. Oat groats are good substitutes for rice or other cereals in dry dog foods.;

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN RUMPUT RAJA (Pennisetum purpupoides) DAN TEBON JAGUNG TERHADAP KECERNAAN BAHAN KERING DAN BAHAN ORGANIK PADA SAPI PO PEDET JANTAN

ZOOTEC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 387
Author(s):  
Nasriya . ◽  
Ronny A.V Tuturoong ◽  
Ch. L. Kaunang ◽  
S. S. Malalantang ◽  
M. M. Tindangan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility

THE EFFECTS OF OFFERING KING GRASS (Pennisetum purpupoides) AND CORN  STOVER ON DRY MATTER AND  ORGANIC MATTER OF ONGOLE CROSS BREED STEER CALVES. A research has been conducted to evaluate the effects of offering king grass (Pennisetum purpupoides) and corn stover as ingredients for ration formulating on dry matter and organic matter digestibility of ongole cross breed steer calves. Five ongole cross breed steer calves with about 100 kg body weight were used in this experiment. Latin square design  with 5 tereatments was used. The treatments were rasio of king grass and corn stover; R1 = 100% king grass, R2 = 75% king grass + 25% corn stover, R3 = 50% king grass + 50% corn stover, R4 = 25% king grass + 75% corn stover, R5 100% corn stover.  The variables measured were dry matter and organic matter digestibility. Analysis of variance showed that there were no significant effect of treatments on dry metter and organic matter digestibility. Averages of dry matter digestibility during experiment ranged 56.27% - 59.48%. The highest was 59.48% for R5 (100% corn stover) and the lowest was 56.27% for R1 (100% king grass). Averages of organic matter ranged from 87.64% to 88.72%. The highest organic matter digestibility was on R4 (25% king grass + 75% corn stover) and the lowest organic matter digestibility was on R2 (75% king grass + 25% corn stover). It can be concluded that the best nutritive value was at combination of 25% king grass + 75% corn stover on dry matter and organic matter digestibility of ongole cross breed steer calves. keywords: king grass, corn stover, digestibility, dry matter, organic matter

Rumen microbial counts and in vivo digestibility in buffaloes and cattle given different diets

2002 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Puppo ◽  
S. Bartocci ◽  
S. Terramoccia ◽  
F. Grandoni ◽  
A. Amici
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Microbial Counts

AbstractRuminal bacterial counts and in vivo digestibility were determined on four Mediterranean buffalo bulls and four Friesian bulls, all fistulated at the rumen, and given at maintenance level (50 g/kg M0·75 per day of dry matter) four different diets with the same crude protein content (N ✕ 6·25 = 140 g/kg dry matter) and with forage: concentrate ratios as follows: diet D12·5 = 0·875: 0·125; diet D25·0 = 0·75: 0·25; diet D37·5 = 0·625: 0·375; diet D50·0 = 0·5: 0·5. All the animals received the diets during four consecutive periods in a Latin-square design. Buffaloes had higher total microbial counts (10·78 v. 10·08 log10cells per g dry rumen content, P < 0·01) as compared with cattle; differences in total ruminal bacterial counts among the diets were only observed within the buffalo species (diet D12·5 v. diets D25·0, D37·5, D50·0: 10·04 v. 10·92, 10·98, 11·17 log10cells per g dry rumen content, P 0·01) and when comparing the two species for each diet, significantly higher values for bacterial counts in buffaloes were found for diets D25·0: 10·92 v. 10·28 (P 0·05), D37·5: 10·98 v. 10·08 (P 0·01) and D50·0: 11·17 v. 9·76 (P 0·01) log10cells per g dry rumen content. Cattle showed significantly higher digestibility values for: organic matter (0·696 v. 0·676, P 0·05), neutral-detergent fibre (NDF; 0·548 v. 0·511, P 0·05) and cellulose (0·621 v. 0 · 509, P 0·01), while the crude protein digestibility (CPD) values were similar (0·667 and 0·671). Comparing the two species for each diet, cattle showed significantly higher digestibility values for organic matter in diet D50·0 only (0·714 v. 0·688, P 0·01), for NDF in diet D12·5 only (0·578 v. 0·531, P 0·05) and for cellulose in all diets (0·660 v. 0·546, 0·630 v. 0·525, 0·605 v. 0·505, 0·588 v. 0·460, P 0·01); in contrast buffaloes showed higher values of the CPD for diet D12·5 (0·662 v. 0·632, P 0·05).

The effect of different proportions of hay and fortified rolled barley in the diet on digestible-energy value and urinary-energy excretion by cattle

1972 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Raven
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Concentrate Treatment

SUMMARYA 6 x 6 Latin Square balance experiment was carried out using six Friesian steers, each of which initially weighed about 304 kg. The six treatments studied were an all-hay diet and five other diets containing 20,40,60,80 and 100 % of rolled barley fortified with mineral and vitamin supplements, accompanied by correspondingly reduced proportions of hay. Each diet was fed at an estimated maintenance level of feeding.The progressive increase in the proportion of concentrate gave a significantly linear increase (P < 0·001) in both digestible and calculated metabolizable energy. The actual increase in digestible energy was from 2·62Mcal/kg dry matter (59·3% of the gross energy) on the all-hay treatment to 3·42 Mcal/kg dry matter (79·5% of the gross energy) on the all-concentrate treatment. Use of the determined digestible energy values for the all-hay and fortified barley diets to calculate the digestible energy of the four mixed diets gave results in reasonably good agreement with the determined values, the maximum difference being 0·12 Mcal/kg dry matter, which represented 3·83 % of the determined value. The losses of energy in the urine expressed as percentages of the gross energy of the diets showed a small but significantly linear decrease (P < 0·01) with increase in proportion of barley in the diet. The molar proportions of steamvolatile acids in samples of rumen fluid taken from two animals on each treatment indicated that increase in the proportion of concentrate was associated with tendencies for increase in acetic acid, decrease in propionic acid and little change in butyric acid. The mean digestibility of the organic matter was 62·6 % on the all-hay treatment and 81·8 % on the all concentrate treatment. The progressive increase in the proportion of concentrate gave a significantly linear increase (P < 0·001) in digestibility of the organic matter. Although intakes of nitrogen decreased with increase in the proportion of concentrate due to a decrease in the amount of dry matter fed, the weights of nitrogen retained were well maintained and when expressed as percentages of intake showed a significantly linear increase (P < 0·01).

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