EFFECT OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION AND PLANT POPULATION ON THE VALUE OF CORN SILAGE FED TO BEEF STEERS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL M. FLIPOT ◽  
WESLEY MASON ◽  
JEAN GENEST
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Plant Moisture Content

Corn was grown at 86 000 plants/ha and at 129 000 plants/ha and fertilized with nitrogen at rates of 150 and 200 kg/ha in order to determine the effect of population and N-fertilization on field production, silage preservation and animal performance. Silages from the four field treatments were offered ad libitum to Hereford steers during 112 days. Within each of the corn treatments, half of the animals were supplemented with 450 g of soybean meal (48% protein). Under field conditions characteristic of this trial, the higher plant populations and higher nitrogen levels failed to increase corn silage yields and resulted in lower ear production, later maturing plants and a higher plant moisture content at harvest. The trends were most noticeable in the high plant population treatments. The quality of the silage was not affected by the different treatments. No significant differences for total N, soluble N, NH3-N, lactic acid and acetic acid were noted among silages. Animal intake was increased with silages produced on high N-fertilization at 86 000 and 129 000 plants/ha. No significant differences in animal gain or feed efficiency were observed due to field treatments. The addition of soybean meal to the silages diluted the influence of field treatment on animal intake. However, within field treatments the supplement significantly improved dry matter intake, gain and feed efficiency. This study showed no advantage in increasing corn population over 86 000 plants/ha or N fertilization above 150 kg/ha. Key words: Corn silage, plant population, N-fertilization, steers

scholarly journals Effects of plant population and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and efficiency of maize-bean intercropping

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1257-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Balbino Morgado ◽  
Robert William Willey
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Bean Plant ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
Basic Parameters

Nitrogen supply and plant population are basic parameters for cereal-legume intercropping. In order to study plant population and nitrogen fertilizer effects on yield and yield efficiency of maize-bean intercropping, a field experiment was established. Three bean plant populations and three nitrogen levels were used. Maize dry matter accumulation decreased with increases in bean plant population. Competitive effect of intercrop beans on maize yields was high at higher plant populations, being decreased by nitrogen fertilizer; application of 50 kg ha-1 N was very efficient in increasing maize cob yield. Intercropping significantly decreased harvest index of beans in all plant population and nitrogen fertilizer situations. The efficiency of intercropping, compared to sole cropping, was evidenced by the values obtained for Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) for biomass, cob and pod yields that increased with increases in bean plant populations and nitrogen fertilizer levels.

PSX-B-2 Effect of feedlot days on intake and performance of Nellore heifers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 454-454
Author(s):  
Igor M Ferreira ◽  
Iorrano A Cidrini ◽  
William Souza ◽  
Mateus I Abreu ◽  
Laura F Prados ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Ground Corn

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the effect of feedlot days (FD) on intake (DMI) and performance of Nellore heifers. Fifty-one Nellore heifers [325±19.3 kg of body weight (BW); 16±1 months], blocked by initial BW and stratified by carcass ultrasound, were divided into three treatments: 45, 75 or 105 FD; and placed in 18 pens [17 heifers/treatment; 6 pens/treatment (5 pens with 3 heifers and 1 pen with 2 heifers)]. The animals were fed ad libitum allowing 3% of refusals. The diet consisted of corn silage, ground corn, soybean meal, protected fat and minerals. The adaptation diet [16% CP and 79% TDN; roughage:concentrate (R:C) = 44:56] was offered from day 1 to 15 and the finishing diet from day 16 to 105 (14.5 % CP and 86% TDN; R:C = 25:75). At the end of each FD, heifers were weighted to obtain the shrunk final BW and slaughtered in the same slaughterhouse. The final BW and hot carcass weight (HCW) were greater (linear effect; P ≤ 0.01), respectively, for heifers on 105FD (442 and 244 kg) compared to 75FD (411 and 228 kg) and 45FD (374 and 206 kg). The DMI, backfat thickness and longissimus area increased over FD (linear effect; P ≤ 0.01; 45FD = 7.10 kg/d, 5.05 mm and 64.3 cm2; 75FD = 7.68 kg/d, 5.69 mm and 68.5 cm2 and 105FD=7.79 kg/d, 7.04 mm and 73.3 cm2). The FD did not affect carcass gain (P = 0.38) and feed efficiency based on carcass gain (P = 0.84). However, total carcass gain increased over FD (linear effect; P ≤ 0.01; 29, 51.4 and 75.9 kg, respectively to treatments 45, 75 and 105 FD). In conclusion, the feedlot days increase the BW, backfat thickness and longissimus area. However, the feed efficiency based on carcass gain does not reduce when the heifers are submitted for a long time on feedlot.

NITROGEN ADDITIVES TO CORN SILAGE FED TO GROWING CALVES

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. MOWAT ◽  
J. G. BUCHANAN-SMITH ◽  
G. K. MACLEOD ◽  
J. E. CORE
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
True Protein ◽  
Silage Additives

Three separate experiments were conducted to investigate performance of light-weight calves fed corn silage supplemented with different non-protein nitrogen (NPN) sources added at ensiling time. In one experiment NPN was also added at feeding time. For calves up to approximately 290 kg body weight all supplements containing only NPN reduced weight gains by approximately 0.10–0.15 kg/day compared to soybean meal or low-urea supplements. Corn silage treated with NPN silage additives resulted in reduced dry matter intake compared to soybean meal supplementation. Thus, the effect on feed efficiency was not as great as on weight gains. Treated silages tended to be higher in pH and lactic acid but lower in acetic acid content. A large portion of the NPN added at ensiling time was analyzed as ammonia in the silages. Also, true protein content of the treated silages tended to be higher than that of the controls.

EFFET DE DIFFERENTS TRAITEMENTS ALIMENTAIRES SUR LA CROISSANCE ET L'EFFICACITE ALIMENTAIRE DES TAURILLONS DE RACE HOLSTEIN

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 699-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL M. FLIPOT ◽  
J. L. DIONNE ◽  
G. LALANDE ◽  
J. M. GIRARD
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Ad Libitum

This study was conducted to evaluate different feeding systems for young Holstein bulls grown from 140 to 525 kg liveweight. In phase I, which lasted 134 d, 184 bulls were assigned to five treatments involving either pasture or silage with different levels of concentrate. In phase II, which lasted until the animals weighed 400 kg, 48 bulls from one pasture treatment and all 96 bulls fed silage in phase I were reassigned, within previous treatments, to subtreatments in which corn silage was supplemented with 0, 250 and 500 g head−1 d−1 of soybean meal. In phase III, which concluded the study, bulls were maintained on corn silage but reassigned, as in phase II, to treatments involving a restricted (5 kg) or ad libitum supplement of barley. In phase I, increasing the level of concentrates up to 3 kg head−1 d−1 for bulls on pasture increased their growth rate but was not associated with improved dry matter intake or feed efficiency. Bulls gained weight faster and were more efficient on pasture than on silage, when their diet was supplemented with 1 kg concentrate. In phase II, gain and feed efficiency were improved by 50 and 28% respectively, by supplementing corn silage with 500 g of soybean meal per head and per day. In phase III, an improvement of 17% in feed efficiency was recorded for bulls fed barley ad libitum rather than at a restricted level. Generally, superior performance in phases II and III was made by bulls whose performance had been restricted in the previous phase. Bulls started on pasture, supplemented with 1 kg concentrate daily, then fed corn silage, supplemented with 500 g soybean meal head−1day−1 in phase II, gained between 920 and 960 g daily over the entire study and this performance was comparable to bulls started on grass-legume silage provided with a concentrate supplemented ad libitum in phase I, regardless of treatment applied with corn silage in phases II or III. Key words: Young bulls, pasture, grass-legume silage, corn silage, soybean meal, barley

Effect of corn particle size and soybean meal treatment on performance of finishing beef steers fed corn-silage-based diets

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Ouellet ◽  
L. Faucitano ◽  
D. Pellerin ◽  
M. D’Amours ◽  
R. Berthiaume
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Plasma Urea

In the first experiment, 39 medium-frame beef steers (456 ± 41 kg) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to evaluate the effect of different feeding strategies to maximize energy and protein deposition on finishing performance and plasma amino acid profile of beef steers fed corn silage ad libitum for 99 d. To achieve this goal, steers were individually supplemented with either 6.6 kg DM d-1 of cracked corn (CC) or ground corn (GC) in combination with 540 g DM d-1 of either solvent extracted (SS) or lignosulfonate-treated soybean meal (Soypass® SP). Dry matter intake, average daily gain and feed to gain ratio were not affected by treatments or by their interaction (P > 0.10). When compared with SS, SP tended to increase (P = 0.07) grade fat (1.3 and 2.2 ± 0.5 mm, respectively). The CC diets reduced the plasma concentration of branched-chained amino acids (P = 0.03) and leucine (P = 0.01), and tended to decrease that of isoleucine (P = 0.06) compared with the GC diets. No effect of diet was observed on plasma urea-N concentration. In the second experiment, four steers were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to evaluate digestibility and N balance of the diets used in exp. 1. Reducing particle size of corn increased apparent digestibility of starch (P = 0.01) and tended to reduce apparent digestibility of NDF (P = 0.07). In conclusion, formulating diets with ground or cracked corn in combination with solvent extracted or lignosulfonate-treated soybean meal does not appear to influence steer performance or digestion parameters.

SUPPLEMENTARY COPPER FOR GROWING CATTLE CONSUMING DIETS HIGH IN MOLYBDENUM OR MOLYBDENUM PLUS SULFUR

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1143-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. WITTENBERG ◽  
R. J. BOILA
Keyword(s):  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Ceruloplasmin Activity ◽  
Daily Gain

Forty-eight Cu-depleted beef steers were used in a 105-d growing trial to compare four methods of Cu supplementation. Corn silage-barley concentrate diets were supplemented to contain 10 mg kg−1 dry matter (DM) Mo, and 1.3 (low S) or 3.7 (high S) g kg−1 total S. Copper treatments within low and high S diets were: (1) no supplemental Cu (0Cu); (2) a dietary supplement of 10 mg kg−1 DM Cu in the complete feed, added as CuSO4∙5H2O to the concentrate (CuSO4); (3) 20 g copper oxide needles (CuON) orally dosed on day 0; and (4) injectable Cu (ICu) on day 0. Although average daily gain was not different (P > 0.05) among Cu treatments, DM intake was lower (P < 0.05) with CuSO4 and CuON than with 0Cu or ICu. Feed efficiency (FE; feed:gain ratio) was better (P < 0.05) with CuSO4 (FE = 5.60) than 0Cu (FE = 6.88), while CuON (FE = 6.04) and ICu (FE = 6.16) FE were intermediate to 0Cu and CuSO4. Increasing dietary S from 1.3 to 3.7 mg kg−1 DM resulted in lower (P < 0.01) concentrations of Cu and Mo in liver and plasma, and plasma ceruloplasmin activity. An improvement of FE with CuSO4 was related to increased Cu and lower Mo concentrations in the plasma and liver of steers. With ICu there was some indication of an improvement of Cu status. With CuON, measured parameters were indicative of a metabolic Cu insufficiency, but with a lower concentration of Mo in plasma. At the levels of supplementation used in this trial, CuSO4 was a better Cu supplement than CuON or ICu for cattle consuming diets containing excess Mo or Mo plus S. Key words: Cattle, molybdenum, sulfur, copper sulfate, copper oxide needles, injectable copper

NON-PROTEIN NITROGEN IN CORN SILAGE: A PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION, ITS UTILIZATION IN THE RUMEN AND EFFECT UPON DIGESTIBILITY AND RETENTION OF NITROGEN IN LAMBS

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. BUCHANAN-SMITH ◽  
Y. T. YAO
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Partial Characterization ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Total N ◽  
Ammonia Release ◽  
Urea Infusion

Three trials were conducted. In trial 1, 30 samples of silage were collected from farms and analyzed. Non-protein nitrogen (NPN) contributed an average of 46.4% to the total N. Of the NPN-N, an average of 10.1% was ammonia-N, 30.4% was alpha amino-N, 1.2% was amide-N and 58.3% was not identified. Extensive variability was demonstrated among samples for all these values except ammonia-N. In trial 2, silage effluents, in which NPN-N was 95% or more of total N, were compared with urea and soybean meal as to ammonia release rates in the rumen after isonitrogenous infusions of each material. Ammonia levels after infusion of corn silage effluent were nearer to those after soybean meal infusion than those after urea infusion. In trial 3, frozen corn (low in NPN) was compared with ensiled corn in a digestion and balance trial using lambs. Nitrogen balance was not significantly different between corns but was improved by supplementing either of them with urea.

Effects of Cover Crops and Tillage on Sweet Corn Production

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 476d-476
Author(s):  
Gary R. Cline ◽  
Anthony F. Silvernail
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Total N ◽  
No Till ◽  
Winter Cover ◽  
Winter Cover Crops

A split-plot factorial experiment examined effects of tillage and winter cover crops on sweet corn in 1997. Main plots received tillage or no tillage. Cover crops consisted of hairy vetch, winter rye, or a mix, and N treatments consisted of plus or minus N fertilization. Following watermelon not receiving inorganic N, vetch, and mix cover cropsproduced total N yields of ≈90 kg/ha that were more than four times greater than those obtained with rye. However, vetch dry weight yields (2.7 mg/ha) were only about 60% of those obtained in previous years due to winter kill. Following rye winter cover crops, addition of ammonium nitrate to corn greatly increased (P < 0.05) corn yields and foliar N concentrations compared to treatments not receiving N. Following vetch, corn yields obtained in tilled treatments without N fertilization equaled those obtained with N fertilization. However, yields obtained from unfertilized no-till treatments were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than yields of N-fertilized treatments. Available soil N was significantly (P < 0.05) greater following vetch compared to rye after corn planting. No significant effects of tillage on sweet corn plant densities or yields were detected. It was concluded that no-tillage sweet corn was successful, and N fixed by vetch was able to sustain sweet corn production in tilled treatments but not in no-till treatments.In previous years normal, higher-yielding vetch cover crops were able to sustain sweet corn in both tilled and no-till treatments.

scholarly journals 401 Effect of zinc source and ractopamine hydrochloride on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of steers fed in confinement to harvest

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 160-160
Author(s):  
John Wagner ◽  
William T Nelson ◽  
Terry Engle ◽  
Jerry Spears ◽  
Jeff Heldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Zinc Source ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Ractopamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Four hundred and thirty-two beef steers (346.3 ± 63.7 kg BW) were used to determine the effects of Zn source on feedlot cattle fed ractopamine hydrochloride. Cattle were blocked in groups of 54 by BW and housed in 48 pens containing 9 steers per pen. Pens within a weight block were randomly assigned to treatments in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement, with factors being: 1) 0 or 30.1 mg of ractopamine HCl/kg DM fed during the final 29 days on feed; and 2) Zn source: 90 mg of supplemental Zn/kg DM from ZnSO4; Zn sulfate (67%) + Zn methionine (33%); and Zn from Zn hydroxychloride, fed through the entire feeding period. Cattle were fed a high concentrate finishing diet for 154 d and slaughtered at a commercial abattoir. Average daily gain, DMI, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics were determined after slaughter. Zinc source had no impact on live animal performance. Cattle fed ractopamine HCl had greater (P &lt; 0.01) final BW, greater (P &lt; 0.001) ADG, improved (P &lt; 0.001) G:F, heavier (P &lt; 0.01) HCW, and larger (P &lt; 0.05) longissimus muscle compared to non-ractopamine supplemented steers. There was a Zn source by ractopamine interaction (P &lt; 0.01) for dressing percentage. Cattle receiving ractopamine HCl with Zn hydroxychloride had a greater dressing percentage (P &lt; 0.05) when compared to ractopamine HCl cattle fed other Zn sources. Cattle receiving ractopamine HCl with Zn sulfate had a lesser dressing percentage (P &lt; 0.05) when compared to ractopamine HCl cattle fed other Zn sources. Additional Zn source by ractopamine HCl interactions were not significant. These data indicate that Zn source has minimal impacts on feedlot steer performance and carcass characteristics when supplemented to cattle receiving 0.0 or 30.1 mg of ractopamine HCl/kg DM.

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