NITROGEN ADDITIVES TO CORN SILAGE FED TO GROWING CALVES

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. MOWAT ◽  
J. G. BUCHANAN-SMITH ◽  
G. K. MACLEOD ◽  
J. E. CORE
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
True Protein ◽  
Silage Additives

Three separate experiments were conducted to investigate performance of light-weight calves fed corn silage supplemented with different non-protein nitrogen (NPN) sources added at ensiling time. In one experiment NPN was also added at feeding time. For calves up to approximately 290 kg body weight all supplements containing only NPN reduced weight gains by approximately 0.10–0.15 kg/day compared to soybean meal or low-urea supplements. Corn silage treated with NPN silage additives resulted in reduced dry matter intake compared to soybean meal supplementation. Thus, the effect on feed efficiency was not as great as on weight gains. Treated silages tended to be higher in pH and lactic acid but lower in acetic acid content. A large portion of the NPN added at ensiling time was analyzed as ammonia in the silages. Also, true protein content of the treated silages tended to be higher than that of the controls.

scholarly journals Feeding behavior of lambs fed castor mealom farelo de mamona

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hellenn Cardoso Oliveira ◽  
Rasmo Garcia ◽  
Vitor Visintin Silva de Almeida ◽  
Aline Cardoso Oliveira ◽  
Aureliano José Vieira Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Castor Meal

The experiment aimed to evaluate the feeding behavior of Santa Inês lambs fed diets containing different levels of detoxified castor meal in the concentrate. Twenty-four sheep with an average body weight of 18.5± 2.26 kg, at four months of age, were distributed in a randomized complete design with four treatment and six replications. Treatments consisted of four levels of castor meal (0, 33, 67, and 100%) replacing soybean meal. Animals underwent a 15-day adaptation period and an experimental period of 84 days. The diet was composed of 60% sugarcane silage and 40% concentrate, on a dry matter basis. Animal behavior (idle, rumination, and feeding activities) were observed visually for two 24-h periods with 5-min intervals, and recorded. The number of rumination chews and the time taken to ruminate each cud per day were counted using a digital stopwatch. Dry matter (DM) intake was not affected by inclusion of castor meal in the concentrate, averaging 884.02 g day?1. The feeding activity was not affected by addition of castor meal. Rumination time increased linearly, whereas the idle and rumination times decreased linearly with addition of castor meal. Feeding time, expressed in min per kg of DM and NDF, was not influenced by the inclusion of the meal in the diet, averaging 373.3 and 880.0 min, respectively. The number of chews and the time taken to ruminate each cud were not changed by inclusion of castor meal in the diet. Feed efficiency, expressed in grams DM and NDF per hour, was not influenced by castor meal inclusion in the diet. Rumination efficiency expressed in g DM h?1 decreased, but was not affected when expressed in g NDF h?1. Total replacement of soybean meal by castor meal in the concentrate does not affect the feeding time or feed efficiency of feedlot sheep, but leads to a small reduction of their rumination efficiency. Thus, we recommend the inclusion of castor meal in sheep diets at the levels tested in this study.

VOLUNTARY INTAKE OF SHREDDED NEWSPRINT BY DAIRY COWS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 799-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. GRIEVE ◽  
J. H. BURTON ◽  
H. E. BRAUN ◽  
R. FRANK
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Shredded newsprint is a potential source of bedding for livestock, but because it may contain certain heavy metals and polychlorinated biphenyls significant voluntary consumption of newsprint by animals would be undesirable. To determine consumption levels, 18 Holstein cows in mid-lactation (average 19 wk) were used in a double latin square design. Squares represented access to shredded newsprint or chopped hay in the feed manger except during feeding time. Within squares, cows were allotted to each of three complete mixed rations over three 6-wk treatment periods. Rations comprised hay crop silage, corn silage, high moisture grain corn and soybean meal with roughage:concentrate ratios of 30:70 (LR), 50:50 (MR) and 70:30 (HR). Mixed rations were fed according to individual cow requirements for energy depending on body weight, milk yield and milk fat percent. Cows were allowed 4 h after each of two feedings per day to consume their allotted mixed ration. Voluntary consumption of newsprint was only 0.3 kg per cow per day or 2% of total dry matter intake while for those offered hay consumption was 2.6 kg∙cow−1∙day−1 or 15% of total dry matter intake. Intakes of mixed rations were unaffected by roughage:concentrate ratio or newsprint versus hay. However, total dry matter consumption (mixed ration plus newsprint or hay) was higher for cows offered hay (17.3 kg∙cow−1∙day−1) than for those offered newsprint (15.1 kg∙cow−1∙day−1). Levels of heavy metals in milk or blood samples of cows with access to newsprint were within normally accepted ranges. PCBs were at undetectable levels in all cases. Bedding cows with newsprint is unlikely to result in significant consumption or contamination of animals or their products. Key words: Lactating cows, newsprint consumption, heavy metals

scholarly journals Evaluation of rehydrated corn grain silage with okara or soybean inclusion in the performance of lactating cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 2747-2758
Author(s):  
Tamara Tais Tres ◽  
◽  
Clóves Cabreira Jobim ◽  
Robson Marcelo Rossi ◽  
Antonio Vinicius Iank Bueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grains

This study aimed to evaluate dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility, milk production and composition, and feed efficiency of cows fed corn grain silages with okara or raw soybean inclusion. Six Holstein cows were distributed in a double Latin square and arranged in the following treatments: concentrate formulated based on corn grain silage with 30% okara inclusion; concentrate of corn grain silage with 20% raw soybean inclusion, and concentrate based on dry corn grains. Statistical analysis was performed using Bayesian inference. Diets formulated with silages reduced dry matter intake compared to the diet of concentrate based on dry grains. High digestibility of DM, OM, NFC, and EE was observed for diets with silage inclusion. Milk presented an increase in CLA for the diet of corn grain silage diet with soybean inclusion. Rehydrated grain corn silage with soybean or okara inclusion reduced dry matter intake and increased nutrient digestibility, maintaining the same milk production, which demonstrates the higher efficiency of these diets.

A COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS OF COMBINING ALFALFA CUBES WITH CORN SILAGE FED TO LACTATING COWS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-565
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Changeover Period ◽  
Feeding Systems

Sixteen Holstein cows in early lactation were assigned to a switch-back experiment consisting of two experimental periods 35 days in length separated by a 7-day changeover period. Treatments consisted of two feeding systems, alfalfa cubes ensiled with corn silage or alfalfa cubes fed with the corn silage. When cows were fed corn–alfalfa cube silage they consumed more forage, 2.26 vs. 2.16% of body weight per cow per day than when they were fed the alfalfa cubes with the silage. Fat-corrected milk yield was somewhat higher, 25.4 vs. 24.0 kg/day; fat percent and fat yield were greater, 3.13 vs. 2.70% and 918 vs. 814 g/day for corn–alfalfa cube silage as compared to cubes added at feeding time. However, milk yield was greater, 29.9 vs. 29.1 kg/day, and milk lactose percent was greater, 5.26 vs. 5.18% for cows fed cubes at feeding time compared to cows fed corn–alfalfa cube silage. There was no difference between feeding systems in blood minerals or metabolites with the exception of plasma urea nitrogen which was higher, 20.2 vs. 17.2 mg %, for the alfalfa cubes fed with the corn silage. Apparent dry matter and protein digestibility for the total ration were 68.1 and 71.6% when corn alfalfa cube silage was fed compared to 65.4 and 68.5% when the cubes were fed with the corn silage (P < 0.05). It was concluded from this study that alfalfa cubes ensiled with corn silage was an effective method of increasing the dry matter and protein content of corn silage and in improving the digestibility of the total ration.

Neutral detergent fiber concentration of corn silage and rumen inert bulk influences dry matter intake and ruminal digesta kinetics of growing steers2

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 833-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Tjardes ◽  
D. D. Buskirk ◽  
M. S. Allen ◽  
N. K. Ames ◽  
L. D. Bourquin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Fiber Concentration ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals Effects of different restricted feeding strategies on performance of growing and finishing dairy bulls offered grass silage and barley based diets

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katariina Manni ◽  
Marketta Rinne ◽  
Erkki Joki-Tokola ◽  
Arto Huuskonen
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dairy Bulls

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of restricted feeding strategies on performance of growing and finishing dairy bulls. The feeding experiment comprised in total 32 Finnish Ayrshire bulls with an initial mean live weight (LW) of 122 kg and age of 114 days. Feeding treatments were silage ad libitum and daily barley allowance of 93 g kg-1 LW0.60 (A); restricted feeding (R) at 0.80 × A; increasing feeding (I) similar to R until LW of 430 kg and thereafter similar to A; and decreasing feeding (D) similar to A until LW of 430 kg and thereafter similar to R. Restricted feeding strategies decreased daily dry matter intake and LW gain and increased the time to reach the target carcass weight (300 kg). Bulls on I exhibited compensatory growth. There were no significant differences in feed efficiency between the treatments. The present experiment indicates that silage intake ad libitum and supplemented with concentrate resulted in most effective beef production.

scholarly journals Intake of Tifton 85 chopped hay have positive effects on protein digestibility, and milk production and composition of Lacaune sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e347985005
Author(s):  
Alexandre Bernardi ◽  
Antonio Waldimir Leopoldino da Silva ◽  
Catia Capeletto ◽  
Felipe Junior Portela da Silva ◽  
Renata Cristina Defiltro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
D 12

This study compared the effects of unchopped and chopped hay on milk production and composition, feed digestibility, and physiology of Lacaune sheep. Eighteen ewes were stratified by parity (two or three), days of lactation (60 ± 3.7 days), and milk production (1.04 L/ewe/day), and were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: 1) Unchopped or 2) Chopped Tifton 85 hay. Corn silage and concentrate were also provided. Chopped hay ewes gave lower (P≤0.01) dry matter intake and greater (P=0.02) crude protein digestibility. No effects of treatment were detected (P≥0.38) for the digestibility of dry matter, or of neutral and acid detergent fibers. Chopped hay ewes had greater (P≤0.01) milk production (d 7 and d 12), lactation persistence, and feed efficiency. Ewes eating chopped hay had greater (P=0.03) protein concentration in their milk. However, there were no effects of treatment × day and treatments (P≥0.16) for concentrations of fat, lactose, minerals, deffated dry extract, or density. Ewes eating chopped hay presented lower (P<0.01) serum concentrations of urea and tended to have lower (P=0.10) serum concentrations of glucose only on d 12. However, there were no effects of treatment × day and treatments (P≥0.16) for serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, globulin, triglycerides, or cholesterol. These data suggest that chopped hay promotes lower dry matter intake and serum concentrations of glucose and urea, but improves milk production, lactation persistence, feed efficiency, and protein concentration.

scholarly journals Effects of the association between whole cottonseed and calcium salts of fatty acids on nutrient intake, feedlot performance, and carcass characteristics of Bos indicus animals offered a high-concentrate diet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo R. Müller ◽  
Daniel I C. G. Gouvêa ◽  
André F. Francischinelli ◽  
Guiherme D. A. Alvarenga ◽  
Pablo C Castagnino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Whole Cottonseed

Abstract This experiment evaluated the effects of feeding whole cottonseed (WC) and/or calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) on dry matter intake (DMI), performance, and carcass characteristics of Bos indicus animals receiving a high-concentrate diet during the finishing phase. On day 0, 96 Nellore bulls were blocked according to initial shrunk body weight (BW; 302 ± 26.7 kg) into group pens (4 animals/pen) and, within blocks, pens were randomly assigned to receive: 1) 15% of WC and 2% of CSFA [dry matter (DM) basis] of palm, cottonseed, and soybean oil (15WC; n = 6), 2) 10% of WC and 3% of CSFA (DM basis) of palm, cottonseed, and soybean oil (10WC; n = 6), 3) 5% of WC and 4% of CSFA (DM basis) of palm, cottonseed, and soybean oil (5WC; n = 6), and 4) 0% of WC and 5% of CSFA (DM basis) of palm, cottonseed, and soybean oil (0WC; n = 6). Diets were formulated to be isocaloric, isonitrogenous, and isolipidic. Experimental period lasted 108 days, whereas dry matter intake (DMI) was evaluated daily and blood samples and carcass measurements were obtained on days 0, 55, and 108 of the study. Upon slaughter on day 109, steaks were collected for determination of the chemical and fatty acid (FA) profile of the meat. No treatment effects (P ≥ 0.35) were observed on DMI, performance, average daily gain (ADG), carcass ultrasound measurements, and chemical variables of the steak. Nonetheless, including WC into the diets increased C12:0, C16:0, C16:1 trans-9, C17:0, C18:0, C18:1 cis-9, C18:2 cis-9,cis-12, C18:3 cis-9,cis-12,cis-15, saturated, and unsaturated FA intake (P &lt; 0.01). Moreover, adding WC increased DMI fluctuation and feed efficiency (P = 0.03), but decreased marbling (P ≤ 0.03). A treatment × day interaction was observed (P &lt; 0.01) for serum leptin concentration, as 10WC animals had greater leptin concentration on d 103 vs. other treatments (P &lt; 0.01). Regarding steak FA profile, WC addition into the diet increased C18:2 cis-7,trans-9 and C18:3 cis-9,cis-12,cis-15 (P &lt; 0.001), whereas saturated FA was quadratically affected (P = 0.02) and unsaturated FA was reduced for 15WC (P &lt; 0.04). In summary, increasing levels of CSFA into isolipidic finishing diets containing WC did not negatively impact feedlot performance, but reduced feed efficiency and increased marbling scores of Bos indicus bulls, demonstrating its feasibility as a technology to improve carcass traits of low-marbling animals.

scholarly journals PSXIV-34 Encapsulated nitrate on performance of growing Nellore bulls under grazing system during the dry season

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 431-432
Author(s):  
Cibelle B Figueiredo ◽  
Mauricia B Silva ◽  
Juliano Fernandes ◽  
Alana M Calaça ◽  
Higor Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of encapsulated calcium ammonium nitrate as a partial substitute for soybean meals in the concentrate dry matter intake, average daily gain and feed efficiency of Nellore young bulls under grazing conditions, during the dry season. Sixty-four weaned Nellore (initial BW = 177.46±3.77 kg and 9 mo old) were used in a completely randomized assay. The study lasted 84 days on the dry season. Animals were allotted into 16 paddocks of 1.0 ha each of Urochloa brizantha, randomly assigned into one of two treatments: (CTL) supplement with 25% CP, without nitrate inclusion and; (ENP): supplement with 25% CP, with a inclusion of 50 g of encapsulated calcium ammonium nitrate to each 100 kg of body weight. Animals were fed with concentrate at 1.0% of body weight. Concentrate offered was monitored daily as well as his refusals were collected and weighed to determine daily concentrate dry matter intake (DMI) and feed efficiency (F:G). Animals were weighed every 28 d for calculating average daily gain (ADG). Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design, using ANOVA (α = 0.05). No effects of treatments (P &gt; 0.3487) were observed for final BW (246.69 kg). The same for concentrate dry matter intake (P &gt; 0.0550). Animals consumed 2.34 kg of supplement per day. The average daily gain (0.832 kg, P &gt; 0.2649) and feed efficiency (0.356 kg, P &gt; 0.7315) were not affected by the inclusion of nitrate. The inclusion of encapsulated calcium ammonium nitrate in supplement to Nellore young bulls under grazing conditions during the growing phase did not affect the performance.

scholarly journals PSVI-42 Effect of increasing concentrations of aflatoxins (AFB1) on rumen gas production (GP), dry matter (DM) disappearance and fermentation parameters using the in vitro ANKOM gas technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Marden ◽  
Virginie Marquis ◽  
Kheira Hadjeba Medjdoub ◽  
Marine Lacombe
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Fermentation Parameters ◽  
Cheese Cloth

Abstract Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus species known to be the most prevalent contaminants in feedstuffs. In ruminants, contaminated AFB1 feeds usually exhibit symptoms including reduced feed efficiency and milk production and decreased appetite. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different concentrations of AFB1 on rumen fermentation parameters by using the ANKOM gas production protocol. Rumen fluid was collected from a cannulated dry dairy cow, filtered with cheese-cloth and diluted (1:1) with a standard buffer. Triplicates of 75 mL flasks were fed 0,75g of feed (79% corn silage, 15% alfalfa and 6% concentrates) and inoculated with 0 (blank), 0,2, 0,5, 1 and 2 ppm of AFB1. Flasks were placed in a rotating incubation at 39°C for 96h and connected to ANKOM GP system. After 96h of incubation, the contents of each flask were centrifuged. Supernatants were analyzed for total VFA and AFB1 while precipitates were dried at 104°C for DM disappearance. The experimentation was repeated weekly 3 times and named wk1, 2 and 3. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS using a univariate model. Results showed no significant differences on GP max at 96h among AFB1 concentrations. Only wk 1 showed that higher AFB1 concentration (2 ppm) decreased significantly (P &lt; 0,05) DM disappearance (- 8,2 pts) when compared to the blank. Total VFA contents (75,0 ± 1,6 mM) were not affected by AFB1. Wk 2 and 3 did not show any difference neither on DM disappearance nor on VFA (89,1 ± 1,6 mM; 110,2 ± 4,8 mM). It can be concluded that our in vitro model, GP did not reflect DM disappearance and it can be put forward that rumen fluid with low total VFA concentrations (≤ 75 mM) could be more sensible to AFB1 challenge.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document