Overcoming Health Promotion Barriers in Rural Health: A Qualitative Analysis

Weight loss interventions are fraught with difficulties for older adults in rural areas due to transportation difficulties, reduced availability of staff, and lack of programs. Telemedicine can overcome these barriers. A qualitative analysis of data from 44 exit-interviews from a rural-based, older adult weight loss study, informed by thematic analysis, was conducted. Participant’s age was 73 years (73% female) and BMI was 36.5kg/m2. Distance to the site was 24 miles (31 min). Key themes included: a) telemedicine can help improve one’s health, is more practical than in-person visits, is less costly, and time efficient; b) the majority (60%) were initially apprehensive about using telemedicine, a fear that resolved quickly; c) setting up telemedicine was easy and acceptable, despite a quick learning curve; d) having a team member for troubleshooting was important. Using telemedicine in older adults with obesity residing in rural areas should be considered in health promotion interventions.

Kleiber ratios and growth curves of African Black and Red Neck ostrich breeds and their crossbreeds

The selection of animals with lower production costs can be achieved by using feed efficiency and growth curve information. Kleiber ratio (KR) is an alternative option for discriminating against the animals that have the greatest weight gain about their final weight. Alternative feed efficiency and growth curves for ostriches of the African Black (AB) and Red Neck (RN) breeds and their crossbreeds (CB) were investigated using KR and Gompertz equation. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used. The highest adult weight was identified in the RN and CB. AB was more precocious than the RN and CB individuals. Only AB animals reached 75% of their mature weight at one year of age. At 180 days, AB showed better KR. AB was different from the others, mainly for KR at 90 days and 180 days. Considering multivariate analysis, AB animals were different from the others, regardless of sex, mainly for KR at 90 days and KR at 180 days. Other subgroups separated the animals by sex. In a market preferring animals of minor structure (smaller cuts) and greater precocity, it would be suitable to opt for AB. When animals with greater body structure (larger cuts) are desired, males RN and CR is the best option, however, it will be slaughtered with greater age and lower value for KR (may generate a bigger production cost ). It is possible to obtain animals with precocity and high KR, being well represented by the AB breed.

PSVII-28 Genetic analysis of frame score and performance traits in Nellore cattle–growth, carcass and efficiency traits

We evaluated a novel frame score system for Nellore cattle raised on pasture (Guimarães et al., 2020 J, Anim. Sci. 98 (Suppl. 4)). Growth traits included age-adjusted weights (kg) at birth (W0), 120 (W120), 210 (W210) and 450 (W450) days of age, and adult weight (AW). Carcass traits (by ultrasound) included ribeye area (REA, cm2), 12th-13th rib backfat (BF, mm), rump fat (RF, mm), and intramuscular fat (IMF, %). Feed efficiency traits included residual feed intake (RFI, kg of DM/d) and DM intake (DMI, kg/d). We applied the previously developed equations (that also include hip height (HH, cm) and age to 12,049 records from the National Association of Breeders and Researchers (ANCP) database:FSmales= -20.35 + 0.1305*REA + 0.2633*BF - 0.5901*RF+ 0.1139*HH + 0.0056*AGEFSfemales = -11.87 + 0.1316*REA - 0.2457*BF - 0.6218*RF + 0.1139*HH + 0.0009507*AGEThe (co)variance components and genetic parameters were estimated using a linear animal model or a threshold animal model depending on the trait. The heritability estimate for frame score was moderate (0.30). Estimated genetic correlations were moderate for growth traits (W0, 0.51; W120, 0.41; W210, 0.35; W450, 0.29; AW, 0.39). Estimated genetic correlations for carcass and efficiency traits ranged from low to high (REA, 0.50; BF, -0.25; RF, -0.84; IMF, -0.15; DMI, 0.29; RFI, 0.10). The estimates support the notion that larger frame animals are heavier, leaner and later maturing, and less feed efficient. The new frame score may be a useful tool for genetic selection of animals that are best suited to their environment.

The Effects of Gunshot Residue Components (Pb, Ba, and Sb) on the Life History Traits of Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

The present study aimed to investigate the impact of gunshot residue (GSR) components (Pb, Sb, and Ba) on the life history parameters of Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). This experiment was carried out at the Zoology Department, the Ondokuz Mayıs University in 2020. About 50 larvae, respectively were exposed to the chicken liver with four different concentrations of GSR particles and life history parameters recorded. A two-way analysis of variance (Two way ANOVA) was used on the larval weight, and length, development time, percentage of pupal and larval survival. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to assess the association between life-history parameters and the concentration of GSR. The total development times decreased with increasing Sb, Ba, and Pb concentrations in the diets 1–3 d when compared to the control The results showed that Ba and Sb significantly decreased larval and pupal survival and GSR decreased the pupa and adult weight as compared to the control. We concluded that life-history parameters of L. sericata are sensitive to GSR residue and heavy metal changes in the environment. The presence of gunshot residue in the corpse should be kept in mind in a criminal investigation.

The Relation Between Adult Weight Gain, Adipocyte Volume And The Metabolic Profile At Middle Age

Purpose Weight gain during adulthood increases cardiometabolic disease risk, possibly through adipocyte hypertrophy. We aimed to study the specific metabolomic profile of adult weight gain, and to examine its association with adipocyte volume. Methods Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics were measured in the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity (NEO) study (n=6 347, discovery) and Oxford Biobank (n=6 317, replication). Adult weight gain was calculated as the absolute difference between BMI at middle age and recalled BMI at age 20. We performed linear regression analyses with both exposures BMI at age 20 years and weight gain, and separately with BMI at middle age in relation to 149 serum metabolomic measures, adjusted for age, sex and multiple testing. Additionally, subcutaneous abdominal adipocyte biopsies were collected in a subset of the Oxford Biobank (n=114) to estimate adipocyte volume. Results Mean (SD) weight gain was 4.5 (3.7) kg/m2 in the NEO study and 3.6 (3.7) kg/m2 in the Oxford Biobank. Weight gain, and not BMI at age 20 nor middle age, was associated with concentrations of 7 metabolomic measures after successful replication, which included polyunsaturated fatty acids, small to medium low-density lipoproteins and total intermediate-density lipoprotein. One SD weight gain was associated with 386 μm3 (95% CI 143 – 629) higher median adipocyte volume. Adipocyte volume was associated with lipoprotein particles specific for adult weight gain. Main conclusions Adult weight gain is associated with specific metabolomic alterations of which the higher lipoprotein concentrations were likely contributed by larger adipocyte volumes, presumably linking weight gain to cardiometabolic disease.

Sensitivity And Specificity Of Crandal And Ilayperuma’s Formula To Predict Adult Weight And Height

Many medical conditions do not allow direct weighing or measurement of body height. The circumference of the upper arm (CUA) is an alternative in determining body weight, while the ulna length can be used as an alternative for height. The aim of this study was to identify the sensitivity and specificity of Crandal and Ilayperuma’s Formula to predict adult weight and height in Indonesia, especially in Pekanbaru. This study conducted using a quantitative approach with cross sectional design and involving 116 respondents who recruited using accidental sampling. The instrument used is a questionnaire, manual weight scales, metlin, and heel microtoise. Data were analyzed using spearman to aand logistic regression test. The results showed that the sensitivity value of the Crandal and Ilayperuma’s formula were 78,2% and 63,4%. Meanwhile, the specificity value of Crandal and Ilayperuma’s formula were 75,4% and 80%. The Area Under the Curve (AUC) values in the Crandal and Ilayperuma formulas were 76,7% and 70,7%. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the Crandal and Ilayperuma’s formula can be used as an alternative in determining the estimation of weight and height of adults in Indonesia, even with moderate diagnostic power.