REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HOG CARCASSES IN CANADA: A SURVEY CONDUCTED IN THE SPRING OF 1981

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-561
Author(s):  
A. FORTIN ◽  
V. E. HOSKINS ◽  
D. W. SIM
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Regional Characteristics ◽  
Average Index ◽  
Prairie Provinces

During the spring of 1981, 12 064 hog carcasses were randomly selected from the commercial kill of major abattoirs located within each of the major hog producing regions of Canada, namely the Maritimes, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta. Under abattoir conditions, warm carcass weight, maximum backfat thickness at the shoulder and at the loin, minimum backfat thickness over them. gluteus medius and the sum of maximum backfat thickness at the shoulder and loin were recorded for each carcass. Regional differences in the relative frequencies of carcasses in the weight and fat classes were observed. In the eastern provinces (Maritimes, Quebec and Ontario) slightly more than 25% of the sampled carcasses weighed between 81.5 ann 90.5 kg, whereas in the prairie provinces (Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta) this percentage was reduced to 17.3—19.5%. Carcasses less than 72.5 kg represented a higher percentage (28.2–31.4%) in the latter region compared to a range of 16.3–18.3% in the eastern provinces. The data indicated that Manitoba produced proportionally the least of the 'fat carcasses' (fat classes 8–16) and the most of the 'average carcasses' (fat classes 5–7) followed by the Maritimes, Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan and Alberta. Despite finding proportionally more carcasses weighing less than 72.5 kg in Alberta and Saskatchewan, the relative frequency of 'fat carcasses' was higher than in any other province or region. The average index as determined under both the 1979 and 1982 grading regulations varied from region to region, with the lowest in Alberta and the highest in Manitoba. However, the effect of the latest revision of the grading regulations on regional average indices was minimal. Key words: Hog, carcass characteristics, 1981, Canada, region, grading

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF BREED OF SIRE AND BREED OF DAM OF COW ON CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF THREE-WAY CROSS BEEF CATTLE REARED AT TWO LOCATIONS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. RAHNEFELD ◽  
H. T. FREDEEN ◽  
G. M. WEISS ◽  
J. A. NEWMAN ◽  
J. E. LAWSON
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Kidney Fat ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Carcass Cuts

Carcass characteristics of 3673 steers and heifers born over a 6-yr period 1973–1978 at Brandon, Manitoba (farm conditions) and Manyberries, Alberta (range conditions) were compared. Calves weaned at Manyberries were fed and evaluated at Lacombe. The progeny were out of 10 specific F1 crosses of dams mated to bulls of the Charolais (C), Simmental (S), Limousin (L) and Chianina (Chi) breeds. Dam crosses included the Hereford × Angus (HA) and crosses sired by C, S and L sires out of H, A and Shorthorn (N) dams. Breed of sire of dam effects indicated that progeny from S cross cows generally had the heaviest carcasses S = C > L, the greatest carcass weight per day of age S = C > L, the highest percentage of dissected bone of the round S > C > L and rib S > C = L, the highest proportions of brisket S > L > C and flank S > L = C, and carried more kidney fat (percent liveweight) S > C = L and average rib fat S > C = L. Progeny from Limousin and Charolais cross cows had the highest dressing percentage [Formula: see text] and rib eye area/100 kg carcass wieght L > C > S while those from Limousin cross cows had the highest proportion of long loin and the combined lean cuts (rib, round and long loin) a higher percentage of dissected lean in the round L > C > S and the highest lean-to-bone ratio L > C > S. Progeny from dams of Shorthorn breeding generally had the heaviest carcasses, the greatest carcass weight per day of age, the highest percentage kidney fat and at Brandon the greatest proportions of plate and brisket. Hereford cross dams consistently produced progeny with the highest percentage head H = A > N, hide [Formula: see text], feet H > A = N, percentage bone in the long loin [Formula: see text], round [Formula: see text], and rib [Formula: see text], and the highest percentage lean in the long loin H > N (Brandon) and chuck H > N (Brandon). The progeny from Angus cross dams carried the greatest average rib fat [Formula: see text], had the greatest rib eye area/100 kg carcass weight [Formula: see text], the highest percentage lean in the round [Formula: see text], and the highest lean to bone ratio A > H = N. Key words: Cattle, breeds, carcass, cuts, composition

The effect of castration age, method and implant regime on growth and carcass traits of male beef cattle

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. H. Cohen ◽  
B. D. King ◽  
H. H. Nicholson ◽  
E. D. Janzen
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Growing Period

In 1984–1985 and 1985–1986 groups of 136 and 127 male calves were used to assess the effects of multiple implants (Ralgro and Steeroid), castration time (early and late) and castration method (surgical and chemical) on growth to weaning and feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. Ralgro increased calf rate of gain to weaning (P < 0.05) and adjusted weaning weight (P < 0.01) but did not affect rate of gain during the feedlot period. Although Ralgro increased (P < 0.001) weight at slaughter, it took longer (P < 0.05) for implanted cattle to reach Canada A1 than unimplanted cattle. Steeroid did not affect rate of gain to weaning but did increase (P < 0.05) adjusted weaning weight. Steeroid increased (P < 0.05) rate of gain relative to unimplanted cattle during the growing period in the feedlot and cattle implanted four times from birth to slaughter gained more (P < 0.05) than cattle implanted twice (birth and weaning). For the entire feedlot period, bulls receiving Steeroid gained faster (P < 0.05) than unimplanted bulls with no difference (P > 0.05) between implant groups (two or four implants). Ralgro implants increased (P < 0.05) carcass weight, rib-eye area and cutability while Steeroid increased (P < 0.05) only carcass weight. However, when rib-eye area was adjusted for carcass weight, the effect of Ralgro was not significant (P > 0.05). Bulls had greater (P < 0.05) shipping weight, carcass weight, rib-eye area, dressing percent and cutability than steers. Age at castration (early or late) had no effect on feedlot performance or carcass traits while method of castration (surgical or chemical) had some effects (P < 0.05) on ADG, liveweight, carcass weight and rib-eye area. Key words: Castration, Ralgro, Steeroid, beef, growth, carcass

Efficiency of food utilization and carcass characteristics of steers marketed at different weights

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hironaka ◽  
B. H. Sonntag ◽  
G. C. Kozub
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
High Weight ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACTHereford and Charolais x Hereford steer calves were given an all-concentrate diet ad libitum. The Hereford steer calves were marketed at about 400, 440 and 475 kg live weight. The Charolais x Hereford steer calves were marketed at about 525, 570 and 610 kg. For each kg increase in slaughter weight of Hereford steers, the digestible energy required per unit live weight gain increased by 0·024 (s.e. 0·009) MJ, the killing-out proportion increased by 0·22 (s.e. 0·08) g/kg, and the backfat thickness by 0·004 (s.e. 0·002) cm. The area of m. longissimus increased by 0·245 (s.e. 0·037) cm2 and 0·139 (s.e. 0·048) cm2 for Hereford and Charolais X Hereford steers, respectively, for each kg increase in carcass weight. Among Hereford steers, mean backfat thickness as indicated by carcass grade scores (score of 1 to 4 as backfat increases) at the two lowest slaughter weights were similar and lower than scores at the high weight. Among Charolais X Hereford steers, the carcass grade was not influenced by slaughter weight. Slaughtering Hereford and Charolais x Hereford steers at light weights does not ensure that all the carcasses will be lean when the cattle are given a high concentrate diet to appetite from weaning to slaughter.

CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF YEARLING NORMAL AND DOUBLE MUSCLE CROSS BULLS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 897-903
Author(s):  
P. F. ARTHUR ◽  
M. MAKARECHIAN ◽  
M. A. PRICE ◽  
R. T. BERG
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Double Muscle ◽  
Slaughter Age ◽  
Fat Thickness

Data on 99 young bulls, which were the progeny of matings of either double muscle bulls and normal cows (DMx) or normal bulls and normal cows (N) born over three calving seasons, were analyzed to compare the carcass characteristics and lean yield of yearling DMx and N bulls. DMx carcasses had larger (P < 0.001) ribeye areas and cutability but smaller (P < 0.001) grade fat and average fat thicknesses than N carcasses, when the data were adjusted to either constant slaughter age (395.7 d) or constant carcass weight (304.7 kg). Muscle:fat and muscle:bone ratios and percent muscle in the 10th-11th-12th rib joint were higher (P < 0.001), while percent fat and percent bone in the rib joint were lower (P < 0.005) in DMx compared to N carcasses, when the data were adjusted to either constant grade fat thickness (10.0 mm) or constant rib joint weight (4871.4 g). The magnitude of the observed superiority of DMx over normal carcasses in lean yield was not the same across carcass grades. For A1 or A2 carcasses, rib joints from DMx carcasses had 8.8 and 5.7%, respectively, more (P < 0.05) muscle than those from N carcasses. Key words: Carcass characteristics, double muscle, crosses, cattle

BREED OF TERMINAL SIRE EFFECTS ON CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF THREE-WAY CROSS BEEF CATTLE REARED AT TWO LOCATIONS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. RAHNEFELD ◽  
H. T. FREDEEN ◽  
G. M. WEISS ◽  
J. A. NEWMAN ◽  
J. E. LAWSON
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Paired Comparisons ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Terminal Sire ◽  
Sire Breed ◽  
Carcass Cuts

Carcass characteristics of 3673 steers and heifers born over a 6-yr period (1973–1978) at Brandon, Manitoba (farm conditions) and Manyberries, Alberta (range conditions) were compared. Calves weaned at Manyberries were fed and evaluated at Lacombe. The progeny produced were out of 10 specific F1 crosses of dams mated to bulls of the Charolais (C), Simmental (S), Limousin (L) and Chianina (Chi) breeds. Dam crosses included the Hereford × Angus (HA) and crosses sired by C, S and L sires out of H, A and Shorthorn (N) dams. Terminal sire breed differences in the paired comparisons involving progeny of the Chi (the comparisons with maximum degrees of freedom) indicated that their carcass weight per day of age averaged 1.1% greater than C, 3.6% greater than S and 6.4% greater than L at both locations [Formula: see text]. Simmental progeny had significantly heavier (P = 0.0001) hide weights as a percentage of liveweight and significantly lower (P = 0.0001) dressing percentages than the progeny from C, L and Chi sires. Limousin and Chi-sired progeny had the lowest percentage of hide weight and the highest dressing percentage. Limousin progeny averaged 5.2% greater rib eye area/wt (cm2/kg) than Chi progeny P = 0.0001). Chianina progeny had the lowest proportions (percent of hot carcass weight) of long loin, rib, brisket and flank and the highest proportions of round and the combined trait of rib, round and long loin (P < 0.05). Chianina progeny had the highest percentage of lean in the rib, chuck and long loin while L-sired progeny had the highest percentage lean in the round. Chianina progeny had the highest and L progeny the lowest percentage bone in the rib, chuck, round and long loin. Limousin progeny had the highest lean:bone ratios but least percent lean per day of age at the long loin and round. At both locations significant terminal sire breed by year interactions were observed for all traits. The interactions of breed of dam by year, by sex, and by breed of sire and the interaction of year by sex were nonsignificant. Key words: Cattle, breeds, carcass, cuts, composition

CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF BISON (Bison bison) STEERS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. L. HAWLEY
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Bison Bison ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Total Body

Six bison (Bison bison) steers, slaughtered at 2.5 yr of age after receiving a finishing ration for 78 days, averaged 444 kg total body weight with a dressing percentage of 60%. Approximately 46% of the carcass was in the hindquarter. The carcasses averaged 3.1 cm fat depth at the top of the ribeye and 1.1 cm at the bottom. Fat deposition was localized to the top of the shoulder and loin and around the kidneys. The yield of marketable meat averaged 77% of cold carcass weight. Key words: Bison, carcass characteristics

Effect of cimaterol on growth, carcass characteristics and meat quality in double-muscled Belgian White-blue bulls

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. V. Boucqué ◽  
L. O. Fiems ◽  
B. G. Cottyn ◽  
R. J. Moermans ◽  
M. Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Daily Gain

Thirty-two double-muscled Belgian White-blue bulls, within a liveweight range of 542 (± 37) to 722 (± 31) kg, daily received 0 or 60 μg cimaterol kg−1 liveweight in a corn silage diet for 136 (± 29) d. Cimaterol slightly improved average daily gain from 1.28 to 1.38 kg (P > 0.05). Cold carcass weight and dressing were increased by cimaterol from 497.0 to 514.6 kg (P < 0.05) and from 71.0 to 72.9% (P < 0.001), respectively. Even in extremely meaty animals, cimaterol exerted a significant repartitioning effect towards more meat and less fat, both in the carcass and in the longissimus thoracis muscle. Cimaterol increased the shear force value from 37.1 to 52.7 N (P < 0.001) but had no effect on other organoleptical traits. Key words: Cimaterol, double-muscled bulls, growth, carcass, meat quality

Effects of backfat thickness and carcass weight on the chemical composition and quality of the meat from culled sows

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Aziz ◽  
R. O. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Drip Loss ◽  
Depth Probe ◽  
Electronic Probe ◽  
Chemical Water

A total of 204 sows, ranging in carcass weight from 73 to 279 kg and backfat thickness from 6.5 to 67.6 mm, were slaughtered and separated into four WC from < 119.9 kg to > 200 kg carcass weight in 40 kg increments and four FC from < 13.9 mm to > 32 mm backfat depth (probe fat) in 9-mm increments. Depth of fat (probe fat) and lean (probe lean) was measured between the 3rd and 4th last ribs 7 cm from the midline using an electronic probe. The left side was cut into four primals: shoulder, loin, ham and belly. All primals, except belly, were separated into lean, fat and bone. This dissected side lean, for 90 sows across WC and FC, was analyzed for protein, lipid, water and ash. Colour of LT and BF and drip loss of the loin muscle were also determined. As WC and FC increased, the proportion of lipid increased by 57.1% (P = 0.531) and 258.5% (P = 0.001), respectively. Water content of dissected lean decreased by 5.1% (P = 0.782) and 6.3% (P = 0.001) as WC and FC increased, respectively. Carcass weight and probe fat were significantly correlated with lipid percentage (r = 0.51 and 0.60, respectively) and chemical water percentage (r = −0.50 and −0.55, respectively) in side lean. As WC increased, both LT and BF became significantly darker. As FC increased, BF muscle became more yellow (P = 0.058). Drip loss was significantly associated with L* (r = 0.61) and b* (r = 0.63) values. The changes in the chemical composition of the separable lean were primarily a function of carcass fatness, whereas the brightness of the LT and BF were mainly influenced by WC. Key words: Sows, chemical composition, protein, meat colour, backfat depth

RESPONSES IN MEAT CHARACTERISTICS OF HOLSTEIN–FRIESIAN MALES TO CASTRATION AND DIET

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. NTUNDE ◽  
W. R. USBORNE ◽  
G. C. ASHTON
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Shear Tests ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
All Treatment

The carcass characteristics of Holstein–Friesian males (bulls, unimplanted steers, and steers implanted with zearanol) as affected by castration and forms of shelled corn diet (dry, whole acid-treated high moisture, and rolled acid-treated high moisture) and their 2 × 2 interactions were studied. The animals averaged 84 kg body weight at the start of the experiment and were slaughtered at a pen average backfat thickness of 0.76 cm measured ultrasonically between the 11th and 12th ribs. Interaction effects were significant in the percent trimmed loin, flank, hindquarter, shank and total cuts. All carcasses had acceptable lean color, texture, firmness and marbling. The different forms of corn were similar in their effects. Similarly, implantation of steers with zearanol did not produce significant differences. The carcasses of all treatment groups in this study averaged Canada A grade and were essentially of the same quality characteristics. Compared to the steers, however, the bulls required slightly longer on feed but yielded significantly more carcass weight, a greater percent lean, a greater percent trimmed chuck and forequarter cuts, less carcass fat and had a higher lean:fat ratio. The steers yielded a higher percent trimmed loin and also more tender meat as determined by shear tests, but this latter case was not supported by the taste panel. No other differences were observed.

Prediction of lean content in the carcasses of beef cattle. II. From measurements of specific cuts

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. O. Fan ◽  
J. W. Wilton ◽  
W. R. Usborne ◽  
I. McMillan
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Important Predictor ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Lean Weight ◽  
Carcass Cuts

Carcass data on 304 steers and 320 heifers from seven breed of dam groups were analyzed to test equations for predicting weight and proportion of lean content in beef carcasses from measurements of specific cuts. All dams were bred to Angus sires for first calving and to a Simmental sire for second and third calvings. Cattle by Angus sires were slaughtered at 10-mm backfat thickness evaluated ultrasonically; those by the Simmental sires at 7 mm. One side of each carcass was cut into eight cuts and separated into fat, lean and bone. Data were analyzed by multiple stepwise regression procedures. Prediction equations from each cut were obtained from the overall data and subpopulations by breed of sire, by sex and by breed of dam group. Cold-carcass weight accounted for the highest proportion of variation of lean weight in the side of the carcass, but it accounted for no more than 3% of the variation of proportion lean. Lean weight in hip and chuck, particularly in hip, was a most important predictor for estimating lean weight of the side. Total weights of each cut were also important predictors. Proportion lean in each cut alone was the strongest predictor of proportion lean in the carcass. Proportions of weights of cut in the carcass were also important predictors. Predictions of lean content (weight and proportion) in the carcass from dissected cuts of chuck and hip provided the most precise estimates. Average biases for breed of sire–degree of finish combinations, sex or breed of dam group were relatively small when an overall equation based on information from the hip was used. Key words: Beef, prediction of lean content, carcass, cuts, breed, sex

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