A STUDY OF SOME OF THE FACTORS INFLUENCING EASE OF CALVING IN RANGE BEEF HEIFERS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. MAKARECHIAN ◽  
R. T. BERG
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Calving Performance

This study was performed in two parts. In the first part, 349 calving records of 2-yr-old heifers in 1979, 1980 and 1981 were analyzed by least-squares to assess the effects of lowering sire birth weight on calf birth weight and ease of calving. The study demonstrated that using sires with lower birth weight in 1981 compared to 1979 and 1980 (31.12 vs. 40.12 and 40.17 kg, respectively), reduced the average calf birth weight (32.65 vs. 36.04 and 34.62 kg, respectively) which in turn improved calving performance of the heifers in 1981 compared to the previous years. In the second part, 128 calving records of 2-yr-old heifers in 1981 were analyzed to study the relative importance of hip height, area of pelvic opening, condition score and weight at calving on calving performance. The results indicated that heifer weight at calving had a significant influence of calving performance (P < 0.01). Calving performance improved with increases in heifer weight at calving. Height at hip was phenotypically correlated with weight at calving, area of pelvic opening and calf birth weight. Phenotypic correlation between weight at calving and area of pelvic opening was also highly significant. The area of pelvic opening might exert a threshold effect on calving performance in 2-yr-old heifers. Key words: Cattle, dystocia, range beef heifers

The effects of pre- and early post-calving management on reproductive performance of beef cows

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinah Boadi ◽  
M. A. Price
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Calf Mortality ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Calving Performance ◽  
Reproduction Condition

One hundred and thirty-four pregnant beef cows (liveweight = 544.3 kg ± 73 3 kg SD; condition score = 3.5 ± 0.3 SD), were randomly assigned in January to five management treatments (combinations of feed restriction and weaning time) to study the effects on calving and rebreeding performance. Twenty-seven were feed-restricted (54.7 MJ DE d−1) for the last 3 mo of pregnancy then realimented (3REST); their calves were weaned in October. Thirty were feed-restricted for the last 3 mo of pregnancy (54.7 MJ DE d−1) and the first 2 mo of lactation (99.6 MJ DE d−1), then their calves were weaned and turned out to graze in June (5REST). The remaining 77 cows (UNREST) were supplemented on range with 153.5 MJ DE d−1 from January until calving. Their calves were weaned in either August (one group of 26 calves directly into a feedlot, a second group of 26 onto unsupplemented range) or October (25 calves directly into a feedlot). All cows grazed together on the range from June onwards. After calving, the restricted (3REST and 5REST) cows were significantly lighter (464.4 and 469.5 kg vs. 506.9 kg) and thinner (condition scores 2.5 and 2.6 vs. 3.0) than the UNREST cows, but the percentage of cows calving calf mortality, assisted births calving dates, udder scores and mean birth weight of calves were not affected (P > 0.05) by pre-calving nutrition. Catch-up growth was evident in both the 3REST and 5REST cows once exposed to higher energy feeding. There were no significant effects (P > 0.05) of the management (nutrition and weaning) treatments on the following year s breeding and calving performance. It is concluded that the combinations of nutrition and weaning used in this study did not necessarily impair calving or rebreeding performance of beef cows, which calved in condition score 2.5 or above. Key words: Beef cows, feed restriction, reproduction, condition score, rebreeding, birthweight

scholarly journals The effects of breed, sire and environmental factors on the birth and weaning weight of lambs

2020 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
S. Kramarenko ◽  
◽  
A. Kramarenko ◽  
S. Lugovoy ◽  
D. Balan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Size Type

The effects of breed, sire and environmental factors on the birth and weaning weight of lambs The aim of this study was to determine the effect of some important factors influencing on the birth and weaning weight variability in lambs. Data from 2603 ewes was included in the analysis, where 3961 lambs were obtained during the five years of the research. Data was tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the GLM procedure of Minitab Release 13.1. Our results presented significant influence on the year of lambing, breed, ram genotype, age of a dam, type of a birth (litter size), sex of a lamb and on the birth weight and weaning weight of lambs. Keywords: birth and weaning weight of lambs; ram genotype; year of lambing; age of ewes; litter size (type of birth); sex of a lamb; the Ascanian fine-fleece breed.

scholarly journals Maternal factors and the prediction of dystocia in beef heifers

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. King ◽  
R. D. H. Cohen ◽  
S. McCormac ◽  
C. L. Guenther
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Caesarian Section ◽  
Stepwise Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Maternal Factors ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Pelvic Area

Stepwise discriminant analysis was used to determine maternal factors associated with dystocia in 564 2-yr-old heifers bred to bulls with below breed average birth weights. Calf birth weight (n = 556) was consistently the most significant (P < 0.001) factor correlated (R2 = 0.31) with dystocia. Other significant (P < 0.001) factors were weight at breeding (n = 376) and calving (n = 559; R2 = 0.11 for both traits). Other factors considered were age at breeding (n = 446), pelvic area at breeding (n = 112) and pregnancy evaluation (n = 297), heifer birth weight (n = 564), gestation length (n = 467) and age at calving (n = 559) but none were significant (P > 0.05). Heifers requiring caesarian section were heaviest (P < 0.05) at breeding and their calves were heaviest (P < 0.05) at birth. Unassisted heifers were heavier at calving (P < 0.05) than assisted heifers. It was concluded that none of the factors examined in this study was a reliable predictor of dystocia in beef heifers but that heifers should be bred at 75–80% of their expected calving weight to reduce the risk of dystocia. Key words: Dystocia, heifer, discriminant analysis

The effects of catch-up (compensatory) growth on reproductive performance of beef heifers

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinah Boadi ◽  
M. A. Price
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Calving Performance

Fifty-four heifer calves were allocated to five feeding/weaning treatments at birth in April/May 1990: 1) VEW (n = 11) dams feed-restricted for 3 mo before and 2 mo after calving; calves weaned in June onto gram-supplemented pasture and then into a drylot in October; 2) EW1 (n = 10) dams not restricted; calves weaned in August (unsupplemented pasture) into drylot in October; 3) EW2 (n = 10) dams not feed-restricted; calves weaned directly into drylot in August; 4) LW1 (n = 12) dams feed restricted for 3 mo before, but not after calving; calves weaned directly into drylot in October, 5) LW2 (n = 11): dams not restricted; calves weaned directly into drylot in October. The very early (VEW) and early (EW1, EW2) weaned heifers grew significantly slower than the later-weaned ones (LW1, LW2) from birth to September, and were still significantly lighter at 12–13 mo of age (May 1991). Recovery of liveweight-for-age was achieved by EW2 heifers by 18 mo and VEW and EW1 by about 23 mo of age. Early weaning treatments delayed age but not weight at first estrus (P < 0.05) yet the number of heifers conceiving and calving, and all associated reproductive data, including rebreeding success were unaffected by treatment (P > 0.05). Despite a delay in first estrus, reproductive efficiency and calving performance were not impaired by early feed restriction in heifers conceiving at 15 mo of age. Key words: Beef heifers, feed restriction, fertility, reproduction, catch-up growth

FACTORS INFLUENCING CALVING PERFORMANCE IN RANGE BEEF CATTLE

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. MAKARECHIAN ◽  
R. T. BERG ◽  
R. WEINGARDT
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Breeding Groups ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Calving Performance

Data from 2964 calving records of cows of all age groups and 1035 calving records of 2-yr-old heifers from three breeding groups (B), Hereford (HE), Beef Synthetic (SY) and Crossbred (XB) maintained at the University of Alberta Ranch at Kinsella were analyzed by the least squares method. Dam weight at calving (DAMWT), age of dam (A), calf birth weight CBWT, sire and dam birth weights and the interactions between A and CBWT, B and A, sex (S) and A and finally B and CBWT had significant influences on calving performance when calving records of all age groups were considered. Among heifers the effects of DAMWT, CBWT, B, S, dam birth weight and interaction between B and DAMWT were significant. DAMWT and CBWT were among the most important factors influencing calving performance. CBWT had a major influence in 2-yr-old dams with no noticeable influence in other age groups. Calving performance score of HE heifers was lower than those from XB and SY heifers, but breed group differences were minor at other age groups. Similarly males had more difficult births than female calves from young dams with no detectable sex influence from older dams. DAMWT had a greater positive impact on calving performance of HE heifers compared with the other two breeding groups. These interactions emphasize the importance of interrelationships of major factors influencing the incidence of dystocia in beef cattle. Key words: Factors, calving difficulty, beef cattle

Factors influencing birth weight in newborns of diabetic and non-diabetic women a population based study

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Fraser ◽  
S. Weitzman ◽  
J. R. Leiberman ◽  
E. Eschwege
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Factors Influencing

scholarly journals Understanding the influence of physical resources and social supports on primary food providers’ snack food provision: a discrete choice experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany J. Johnson ◽  
Rebecca K. Golley ◽  
Dorota Zarnowiecki ◽  
Gilly A. Hendrie ◽  
Elisabeth K. Huynh
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Social Supports ◽  
Social Condition ◽  
Parent Support ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Utility Weight ◽  
Physical Resources ◽  
Choice Tasks

Abstract Background Snack eating occasions contribute approximately a third of children’s energy intake, with approximately half of all unhealthy foods consumed during snack times. Therefore, it is critical to understand the drivers of primary food providers’ snack provision. The study aims were to determine the relative importance of physical resources and social supports when primary food providers are choosing snacks to provide to their child, and to investigate how these attributes differ in social versus non-social occasions, and between subgroups of primary food providers based on socio-economic position. Methods Primary food providers of three to seven-year olds completed an online discrete choice experiment, by making trade-offs when completing repeated, hypothetical choice tasks on the choice of snacks to provide to their child in: 1) non-social and 2) social condition. Choice tasks included two alternatives consisting of varying attribute (i.e. factor) levels, and an opt-out option. The order of conditions shown were randomized across participants. Multinomial logit model analyses were used to determine utility weights for each attribute. Results Two-hundred and twenty-five primary food providers completed the study, providing 1125 choice decisions per condition. In the non-social condition, the top three ranked attributes were type of food (utility weight 1.94, p < 0.001), child resistance (− 1.62, p < 0.001) and co-parent support (0.99, p < 0.001). In the social condition, top ranking attributes were child resistance (utility weight − 1.50, p < 0.001), type of food (1.38, p < 0.001) and co-parent support (1.07, p < 0.001). In both conditions, time was not a significant influence and cost was of lowest relative importance. Subgroup analyses revealed cost was not a significant influence for families from higher socio-economic backgrounds. Conclusions Type of food, child resistance and co-parent support were of greatest relative importance in primary food providers’ snack provision decision-making, regardless of social condition or socio-economic position. In designing future interventions to reduce unhealthy snacks, researchers should prioritize these influences, to better support primary food providers in changing their physical and social opportunity. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry no. ACTR N12618001173280

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Risks and Their Impacts on Ecological River Health in South Korea: An Application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6287
Author(s):  
Suyeon Kim ◽  
Sang-Woo Lee ◽  
Se-Rin Park ◽  
Yeeun Shin ◽  
Kyungjin An
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
River Ecosystem ◽  
River Health ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Hierarchy Process

It is imperative to develop a methodology to identify river impairment sources, particularly the relative impact of socioeconomic sources, to enhance the efficiency of various river restoration schemes and policies and to have an internal diagnosis system in place. This study, therefore, aims to identify and analyze the relative importance of the socioeconomic factors affecting river ecosystem impairment in South Korea. To achieve this goal, we applied the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to evaluate expert judgement of the relative importance of different socioeconomic factors influencing river ecosystem impairment. Based on a list of socioeconomic factors influencing stream health, an AHP questionnaire was prepared and administered to experts in aquatic ecology. Our analysis reveals that secondary industries form the most significant source of stream ecosystem impairment. Moreover, the most critical socioeconomic factors affecting stream impairment are direct inflow pollution, policy implementation, and industrial wastewater. The results also suggest that the AHP is a rapid and robust approach to assessing the relative importance of different socioeconomic factors that affect river ecosystem health. The results can be used to assist decision makers in focusing on actions to improve river ecosystem health.

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