FACTORS INFLUENCING CALVING PERFORMANCE IN RANGE BEEF CATTLE

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. MAKARECHIAN ◽  
R. T. BERG ◽  
R. WEINGARDT
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Breeding Groups ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Calving Performance

Data from 2964 calving records of cows of all age groups and 1035 calving records of 2-yr-old heifers from three breeding groups (B), Hereford (HE), Beef Synthetic (SY) and Crossbred (XB) maintained at the University of Alberta Ranch at Kinsella were analyzed by the least squares method. Dam weight at calving (DAMWT), age of dam (A), calf birth weight CBWT, sire and dam birth weights and the interactions between A and CBWT, B and A, sex (S) and A and finally B and CBWT had significant influences on calving performance when calving records of all age groups were considered. Among heifers the effects of DAMWT, CBWT, B, S, dam birth weight and interaction between B and DAMWT were significant. DAMWT and CBWT were among the most important factors influencing calving performance. CBWT had a major influence in 2-yr-old dams with no noticeable influence in other age groups. Calving performance score of HE heifers was lower than those from XB and SY heifers, but breed group differences were minor at other age groups. Similarly males had more difficult births than female calves from young dams with no detectable sex influence from older dams. DAMWT had a greater positive impact on calving performance of HE heifers compared with the other two breeding groups. These interactions emphasize the importance of interrelationships of major factors influencing the incidence of dystocia in beef cattle. Key words: Factors, calving difficulty, beef cattle

scholarly journals AYURVEDIC DIETARY CONCEPTS IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUP OF CHILDREN

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-86
Author(s):  
Shamama Firdaus ◽  
Sunil Topre ◽  
Nitin Mane
Keyword(s):  
Life Style ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Healthy Person ◽  
The Body ◽  
Developmental Phase ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Healthy Nutrition ◽  
Major Factors

Ayurveda is a science of life, which mainly aims to promote and preserve the health of the individuals. In this techno and competitive era, life style and diet are major factors influencing the health of the individuals. Diet and dietary habits play important role in maintenance of health. Ayurveda, its main aim is to promote and preserve the health, strength and longevity of healthy person and to cure the disease. Ayurveda places special emphasis on Ahara and believes that healthy nutrition nourishes the Sharir, Mana, Atma. As Acharyas has described Ahara. Nidra, Brahmcharya are Tryoupsthambha (sub pillars) which support the body itself. Here Ahara has been placed first which shows that it is most important to maintain and sustain of life. Children are delicate and most sensitive and prone to the infectious diseases. They are miniature of adult. They are in Ajatvyajanawastha (developing stage). Psychologically they are innocent. Being in developmental phase, Ahara plays very important role in the life of children. So parents should be aware of dietetic components required by child in different age groups.

An on-farm evaluation of the effects of season of shearing on ewe and subsequent lamb performance

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 165-165
Author(s):  
T W J Keady ◽  
J P Hanrahan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Lamb Growth

The weight of lamb carcass produced per hectare is one of the major factors influencing the efficiency of lamb production and is influenced by the litter size and subsequent lamb growth rate (Keady and Hanrahan, 2006). On many sheep farms ewes are housed during the winter to facilitate increased stock carrying capacity. Ewes are normally shorn once yearly, usually in early summer. Previous studies at Athenry (Keady et al., 2007, Keady and Hanrahan, 2008, 2009) have shown that shearing ewes at housing increased subsequent lamb birth and weaning weights by up to 0.6 and 2.5 kg, respectively. Therefore as a consequence of reducing age at slaughter by approximately 2 weeks, whilst increasing price received per kg of carcass. However, shearing at housing may increase management inputs as ewes are normally housed in smaller groups and need to be dry prior to shearing. Shearing in the autumn, prior to mating, enables the flock to be assembled under more favourable conditions. A previous study at this centre (Keady and Hanrahan, 2008) showed that shearing prior to mating tended to increase subsequent lamb birth weight (+0.3 kg) but did not alter litter size or lamb viability relative to lambs born from ewes which were shorn in late May. The aim of this study was to further evaluate the effects of season of shearing on fertility of March -lambing ewes and on subsequent lamb performance.

A STUDY OF SOME OF THE FACTORS INFLUENCING EASE OF CALVING IN RANGE BEEF HEIFERS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. MAKARECHIAN ◽  
R. T. BERG
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Calving Performance

This study was performed in two parts. In the first part, 349 calving records of 2-yr-old heifers in 1979, 1980 and 1981 were analyzed by least-squares to assess the effects of lowering sire birth weight on calf birth weight and ease of calving. The study demonstrated that using sires with lower birth weight in 1981 compared to 1979 and 1980 (31.12 vs. 40.12 and 40.17 kg, respectively), reduced the average calf birth weight (32.65 vs. 36.04 and 34.62 kg, respectively) which in turn improved calving performance of the heifers in 1981 compared to the previous years. In the second part, 128 calving records of 2-yr-old heifers in 1981 were analyzed to study the relative importance of hip height, area of pelvic opening, condition score and weight at calving on calving performance. The results indicated that heifer weight at calving had a significant influence of calving performance (P < 0.01). Calving performance improved with increases in heifer weight at calving. Height at hip was phenotypically correlated with weight at calving, area of pelvic opening and calf birth weight. Phenotypic correlation between weight at calving and area of pelvic opening was also highly significant. The area of pelvic opening might exert a threshold effect on calving performance in 2-yr-old heifers. Key words: Cattle, dystocia, range beef heifers

Factors Influencing Gestation Length, Birth Weight and Calf Survival of Angus, Zebu and Zebu Cross Beef Cattle

1980 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 860-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Reynolds ◽  
T. M. DeRouen ◽  
S. Moin ◽  
K. L. Koonce
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Calf Survival

Factors influencing birth weight in newborns of diabetic and non-diabetic women a population based study

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Fraser ◽  
S. Weitzman ◽  
J. R. Leiberman ◽  
E. Eschwege
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Factors Influencing

scholarly journals Polarized nature of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: associations with population age structure and behaviours

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junko Okumura
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Population Age Structure ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Drinking Places

Abstract Background Although the scale of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic was relatively small in Japan compared with the rest of the world, the polarisation of areas into high- and low-COVID-19-incidence areas was observed among the 47 prefectures. The aims of this study were not only identifying the factors associated with the polarised COVID-19 pandemic in Japan but also discussing effective preventive measures. Methods This was an ecological study using online survey data which was cross-sectionally conducted by the author. A total of 6000 respondents who resided in 10 low- and 10 high-COVID-19 incidence prefectures, with a wide gap in terms of COVID-19 incidence, in Japan were recruited. Data on COVID-19 cases and geodemographic information were obtained from official government sites. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare variables between the two areas and age groups. Results This study revealed that that age influenced people’s behaviours and perceptions, except one behaviour of ‘wearing facemasks’. The major factors significantly associated with the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases per 100,000 people were ‘commuting by private automobile’ (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.444; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.394–0.501), ‘commuting by public transportation’ (AOR, 6.813; 95% CI, 5.567–8.336), ‘washing hands’ (AOR, 1.233; 95% CI, 1.005–1.511), ‘opening windows regularly’ (AOR, 1.248; 95% CI, 1.104–1.412), ‘avoiding crowded places (AOR, 0.757; 95% CI, 0.641–0.893), ‘non-scheduled visits to drinking places’ (AOR, 1.212; 95% CI, 1.054–1.392) and ‘perceived risk of contracting COVID-19’ (AOR, 1.380; 95% CI, 1.180–1.612). These factors were strongly associated with age groups. Conclusions Effective preventive measures for COVID-19 transmission can be developed by understanding the characteristics of populated areas, such as public transportation infrastructure and younger people’s movements and behaviours in relation to the population age structure to contain the current epidemic and protect the most vulnerable elderly people.

scholarly journals Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of dyslipidemia among diabetes mellitus patients and predictors of optimal dyslipidemia control: results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Jae Kim ◽  
Oh. Deog Kwon ◽  
Kyung-Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Optimal Control ◽  
National Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of dyslipidemia and identify the predictors of optimal control (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol < 100 mg/dL) among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using the representative Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014–2018). Overall, 4311 patients with DM, aged ≥19 years, and without cardiovascular diseases were selected, and the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of dyslipidemia were calculated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the factors influencing the optimal control of dyslipidemia. Results Dyslipidemia was prevalent in 83.3% of patients with DM, but the awareness and treatment rates were 36.5 and 26.9%, respectively. The control rate among all patients with dyslipidemia was 18.8%, whereas it was 61.1% among those being treated. Prevalence and awareness rates were also significantly higher in women than in men. Dyslipidemia was most prevalent in those aged 19–39 years, but the rates of awareness, treatment, and control among all patients with dyslipidemia in this age group were significantly lower than those in other age groups. The predictors of optimal control were age ≥ 40 years [range 40–49 years: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.43–9.72; 50–59 years: aOR 6.25, 95% CI 2.50–15.65; 60–69 years: aOR 6.96, 95% CI 2.77–17.44; 70–79 years: aOR 9.21, 95% CI 3.58–23.74; and ≥ 80 years: aOR 4.43, 95% CI 1.60–12.27]; urban living (aOR 1.44, 95% CI 1.15–1.80); higher body mass index (aOR 1.27, 95% CI 1.13–1.42); lower glycated hemoglobin levels (aOR 0.71, 95% CI 0.67–0.76); hypertension (aOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.22–1.92); poorer self-rated health status (aOR 0.72, 95% CI 0.62–0.84); and receiving regular health check-ups (aOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.25–2.00). Conclusions Most patients with DM were diagnosed with dyslipidemia, but many were unaware of or untreated for their condition. Therefore, their control rate was suboptimal. Thus, by understanding factors influencing optimal control of dyslipidemia, physicians should make more effort to encourage patients to undergo treatment and thus, adequately control their dyslipidemia.

Factors Influencing Innovation and Industrial Performance in Chinese Manufacturing Industry

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (06) ◽  
pp. 1750040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nnaemeka Vincent Emodi ◽  
Girish Panchakshara Murthy ◽  
Chinenye Comfort Emodi ◽  
Adaeze Saratu Augusta Emodi
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
Product Innovation ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Patent Application ◽  
New Product ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Industrial Performance

This study investigates the factors influencing the Chinese manufacturing industry’s innovation and industrial performance utilizing a panel data approach on a sample of Chinese manufacturing enterprises over the period of 2008–2013. The industries were grouped according to related sectors into five groups, a general group was also created which included the whole data sample. The study found that research and development (R&D) expenditure positively influenced the growth of product innovation and industrial performance, but not necessarily knowledge innovation and export performance. Also, expenditure on new product development had a positive impact on both innovation and industrial performance. The growth of patent application was discovered to be influenced by an R&D project and foreign patent license. Finally, the number of enterprises and firm size (i.e. number of employees) contributed positively to the industrial output performance. The findings suggest that industrial R&D and new product development influences the success of product innovation and sales performance. The study recommends that the government should set up policies that will stimulate industrial R&D, while supporting technology transfers from foreign partners. Most importantly, government policies on the development of the industry should be addressed on a sectorial level and not a “one-size-fit-all” type of policy.

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