THE PERFORMANCE OF LACTATING COWS FED UREA-TREATED CORN SILAGE IN COMBINATION WITH SOYBEAN OR FISHMEAL CONTAINING CONCENTRATES

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. ERFLE ◽  
S. MAHADEVAN ◽  
R. M. TEATHER ◽  
F. D. SAUER
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Lactating Cows

A total of 41 multiparous Holstein cows were randomly allocated, prepartum, to one of five diets. Diets were (1) a negative control consisting of 15.5% soybean meal (SBM) concentrate plus control corn silage (CS) (12.6% crude protein, (CP)); (2) 33.5% SMB concentrate plus CS (15.6% CP); (3) 15.5% SMB concentrate plus urea-treated corn silage (UCS) (15.1% CP); (4) 12% fishmeal (FM) concentrate plus UCS (15.4% CP); and (5) 26% FM concentrate plus CS (16.2% CP). Concentrates and CS or UCS were mixed (40:60, dry matter) daily and fed ad lib for a 305-day lactation period. An increase in dietary CP from 12.6% in the negative control to 15.4% by the inclusion of FM and UCS significantly (P < 0.05) increased 305-day milk production while a similar increase in CP by inclusion of SBM and UCS did not. Milk fat content (%) was higher (P < 0.05) for cows fed diets 2 and 3 than for those fed diets 1 and 5. Fat production (g/day) during weeks 13–16 of lactation was greater for cows receiving diets 2, 3 and 4 than for those on diets 1 and 5. Body weight gain during the lactation was significantly (P < 0.05) greater for animals on diet 5 than those on the other four diets. Compared to the negative control, rumen ammonia concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) elevated when soybean meal was fed alone or in combination with UCS but not when when FM was similarly fed. The results suggest that NPN was effectively utilized when used to increase total dietary CP from approximately 12 to 15%. Key words: Fishmeal, soybean meal, urea-treated silage, dairy cattle

EFFECTS OF VARIOUS ROUGHAGE SOURCES IN COMPLETE FEEDS ON MILK PRODUCTION, COMPOSITION AND RUMEN METABOLISM OF DAIRY COWS

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. IBRAHIM ◽  
J. R. INGALLS
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

Twenty lactating cows were used over two growing seasons to compare three complete feeds containing corn silage, alfalfa grass silage or ground hay, with long hay as the control. The roughage to concentrate ratio was 6:4 in experiment 1, and 4:6 in experiment 2. There were no significant (P < 0.05) differences m dry matter and total digestible nutrient (TDN) intake among roughage sources except for corn silage in experiment 1. The molar percentage of acetic, butyric, valeric, isobutyric and isovaleric and the molar proportion of acetic to propionic were not affected (P < 0.05) by different sources of roughage. In experiment 1, TDN, dry matter, crude protein and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) digestibility was lower (P < 0.05) for the corn silage diet. However, in experiment 2 there were no significant differences (P < 0.05) in TDN, dry matter, crude protein and NFE digestibility among the experimental treatments. Blood glucose and urea concentrations were not affected by roughage sources. The mean daily (experiment 1) milk yields of cows fed long and ground hay mixtures were greater (P < 0.05) than those of cows fed the alfalfa grass silage mixture; however, the mean daily fat-corrected milk (FCM) yield was not affected (P < 0.05) by the source of roughage (experiment 1). The mean daily milk yield and FCM yield were not affected significantly (P < 0.05) by roughage source (experiment 2). The percentage of milk fat, and solids-not-fat, were not influenced (P < 0.05) by roughage source (experiments 1 and 2). Roughage source appeared to have little effect on molar ratios of fatty acids found in the milk fat.

RESPONSE OF LACTATING DAIRY COWS TO FORMALDEHYDE-TREATED SOYBEAN MEAL WHEN FED WITH CONTROL OR UREA-TREATED CORN SILAGE

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. ERFLE ◽  
F. D. SAUER ◽  
S. MAHADEVAN ◽  
R. M. TEATHER
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Corn Silage

In two experiments, lactating cows (26 in exp. 1; 32 in exp. 2) were fed an 11.3% crude protein (CP) diet, a 14.7% CP diet containing untreated soybean meal (SBM) or a 14.6% CP diet containing formaldehyde-treated SBM (FSBM), all three fed as a complete blended diet with control corn silage (CCS) (exp. 1); a 12% CP diet, a 13.4% CP diet containing SBM or a 13.3% CP diet containing FSBM, all fed as a complete blended diet with urea-treated corn silage (UCS) (exp. 2). In both experiments concentrates and CCS or UCS were mixed (50:50 dry matter) daily and fed ad lib for a 16-wk period. The increase of CP over the low CP negative control by addition of untreated SBM resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) increase in milk production in both experiments. The addition of FSBM had no significant effect. When comparing solids-corrected milk (SCM), addition of SBM, whether treated or not, significantly increased SCM in both experiments. In neither experiment did FSBM improve milk production over untreated SBM. All animals fed CCS lost body weight but there was no difference between treatments. For animals fed UCS the low CP group lost significantly (P < 0.05) more body weight than did the group fed FSBM. Dry matter (DM) intake was significantly (P < 0.05) lower for the FSBM fed group than for the group fed untreated SBM in exp. 1 (CCS). DM intake was significantly (P < 0.05) increased by either FSBM or SBM over the low CP control fed UCS. Milk protein was the only component significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by FSBM in exp. 1. Isobutyric and isovaleric acids were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in rumen fluid of animals on FSBM plus CCS. Rumen microbial protein content seemed to be more adversely affected by FSBM with CCS than UCS. Amino acid content of FSBM and SBM demonstrated that lysine and tyrosine were lost from SBM after treatment with formaldehyde. The lack of a response in milk production to FSBM is discussed in terms of a lysine and tyrosine deficiency for milk protein synthesis and the adverse effect that formaldehyde protection of SBM may have on the rumen microbial population. Key words: Lactation, dairy cows, urea, corn silage, soybean meal, formaldehyde treatment

VOLUNTARY INTAKE OF SHREDDED NEWSPRINT BY DAIRY COWS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 799-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. GRIEVE ◽  
J. H. BURTON ◽  
H. E. BRAUN ◽  
R. FRANK
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Shredded newsprint is a potential source of bedding for livestock, but because it may contain certain heavy metals and polychlorinated biphenyls significant voluntary consumption of newsprint by animals would be undesirable. To determine consumption levels, 18 Holstein cows in mid-lactation (average 19 wk) were used in a double latin square design. Squares represented access to shredded newsprint or chopped hay in the feed manger except during feeding time. Within squares, cows were allotted to each of three complete mixed rations over three 6-wk treatment periods. Rations comprised hay crop silage, corn silage, high moisture grain corn and soybean meal with roughage:concentrate ratios of 30:70 (LR), 50:50 (MR) and 70:30 (HR). Mixed rations were fed according to individual cow requirements for energy depending on body weight, milk yield and milk fat percent. Cows were allowed 4 h after each of two feedings per day to consume their allotted mixed ration. Voluntary consumption of newsprint was only 0.3 kg per cow per day or 2% of total dry matter intake while for those offered hay consumption was 2.6 kg∙cow−1∙day−1 or 15% of total dry matter intake. Intakes of mixed rations were unaffected by roughage:concentrate ratio or newsprint versus hay. However, total dry matter consumption (mixed ration plus newsprint or hay) was higher for cows offered hay (17.3 kg∙cow−1∙day−1) than for those offered newsprint (15.1 kg∙cow−1∙day−1). Levels of heavy metals in milk or blood samples of cows with access to newsprint were within normally accepted ranges. PCBs were at undetectable levels in all cases. Bedding cows with newsprint is unlikely to result in significant consumption or contamination of animals or their products. Key words: Lactating cows, newsprint consumption, heavy metals

THE EFFECT OF PLANTING DENSITY ON THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF CORN SILAGE FOR LACTATING COWS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1143-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
N. A. FAIREY
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
High Density ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Density Treatment

A late-maturing corn hybrid, Funk brand G4444, was planted in 2-ha plots at 60 000 plants per hectare (low density) and at 100 000 plants per hectare (high density). At harvest, the dry matter and ear contents were 24.2 and 34%, respectively, for the low-density treatment and 22.8 and 28%, respectively, for the high-density treatment. Two groups of 10 lactating cows were used to compare the nutritive value of the ensiled forages over a 10-wk feeding period. Silage dry matter intake, milk yield and milk fat content were 10.33 kg/day, 27.11 kg/day and 3.52% for the cows fed high-density silage compared to 11.79 kg/day, 31.88 kg/day and 2.91% for those fed the low-density silage. Feeding the low-density silage resulted in a decreased level of acetic acid in the rumen and an increased level of propionic acid. Blood hematocrit and plasma calcium levels were lower for cows fed the silage from the low-density planting. Dry matter digestibility of the complete ration was 72.5 and 71.8% for the high- and low-density plantings, respectively. It was concluded that an increased ear content of approximately 10 percentage units resulted in a corn silage which was consumed more readily, altered rumen fermentation and caused a decrease in milk fat content. Key words: Corn silage, lactating dairy cows, planting density

EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTAL HAY ON CONSUMPTION OF LOW AND MEDIUM DRY MATTER CORN SILAGE BY HIGH-PRODUCING DAIRY COWS

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. WALDERN
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Orchard Grass ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Daily Body Weight

The effects of supplementing low (23.9%) dry matter (DM) and medium (28.9%) DM corn silage roughage rations fed ad libitum to high-producing dairy cows, with orchard grass hay at 0.7% of their body weight on milk production and composition, was determined in a double reversal feeding trial using 24 lactating cows. Cows fed medium DM corn silage consumed 15.2% more DM/100 kg body weight daily than those cows fed low DM silage (P < 0.05). Supplemental hay fed with either low or medium DM silage resulted in equal consumption of total forage DM/100 kg body weight by cows on the two treatments. Each kilogram of hay DM consumed by cows offered low DM corn silage reduced silage DM intake by 0.47 kg, whereas hay DM intake reduced silage DM intake by 0.79 kg for cows offered medium DM silage. Daily production of 4% fat-corrected milk (FCM), percent nonfat solids (SNF), and daily body weight gain were lower for cows consuming low DM corn silage than for those on the other treatments (P < 0.05). Cows consuming low DM corn silage plus orchard grass hay at 0.7% of their body weight produced milk at the same level and of similar protein, lactose, and SNF content as those fed medium DM silage plus hay. Supplemental hay fed with medium or low DM corn silage increased FCM production over feeding silage alone, independent of DM or moisture content of the silage fed (P < 0.05).

NITROGEN UTILIZATION BY LACTATING COWS FED UREA-TREATED CORN SILAGE OR GRASS SILAGE

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-337
Author(s):  
D. E. WALDERN
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows

Nitrogen utilization was studied when eight lactating cows were offered ad libitum urea-treated corn silage (15.3% crude protein) or grass silage (14.5% crude protein), plus a grain ration at 1 kg grain to 3.5 kg of 4% fat-corrected milk, in a digestion and nitrogen (N) balance trial. Analyses of the forages indicated greater acid detergent fiber content for the grass than for the corn silage: 46.8 and 35.1% on a dry matter basis, respectively. Digestibility of dry matter, energy, crude protein, true protein, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and N balance were significantly greater (P < 0.05) for cows fed urea–corn silage than for those fed grass silage. The nitrogen of urea–corn silage was used more efficiently for milk and tissue protein synthesis. Decreased nitrogen utilization for cows fed grass silage was associated with lower energy and higher acid detergent fiber content for grass silage than for urea–corn silage.

THE EFFECT OF SODIUM BICARBONATE, SODIUM BICARBONATE PLUS MAGNESIUM OXIDE OR BENTONITE ON THE INTAKE OF CORN SILAGE BY LACTATING COWS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
V. G. MacKAY
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Rumen Ph

Four trials, each employing 10 cows were designed as 2 × 2 latin squares, with each experimental period consisting of a 1-wk preliminary period and a 4-wk period for data collection. The objective of the experiments was to determine the effectiveness of either sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), NaHCO3 plus magnesium oxide (MgO) or bentonite as buffers when they were mixed with corn silage just prior to feeding. The treatments compared were: Trial I, control vs. NaHCO3 (180 g·cow−1·day−1); Trial II, control vs. bentonite (300 g·cow−1·day−1); Trial III, control vs. NaHCO3 (180 g·cow−1·day−1) plus magnesium oxide (MgO, 60 g·cow−1·day−1) and Trial IV, NaHCO3 (180 g·cow−1·day−1) vs. bentonite (300 g·cow−1·day−1). Silage dry matter intakes (SDMI) were 10.61 vs. 10.93 and milk yields were 26.6 vs. 29.3 kg/day for control vs. NaHCO3 in Trial I; 10.03 vs. 10.39, and 29.5 vs. 30.1 for control vs. bentonite in trial II; 10.62 vs. 10.69, and 23.6 vs. 24.7 for control vs. NaHCO3 + MgO in Trial III and 11.49 vs. 10.79, and 29.4 vs. 29.5 for NaHCO3 vs. bentonite in Trial IV. In the latter trial cows fed silage supplemented with bentonite had significantly lower milk fat and protein percentages and rumen pH compared to those supplemented with NaHCO3. Similarly in Trial II cows fed bentonite had lower rumen pH and milk protein percentage than the control cows. It was concluded the bentonite did not act as a buffer and was not beneficial when added to corn silage just prior to feeding. NaHCO3 improved milk yield in one trial and milk fat percentage but the degree of response did not warrant its routine use as a supplement to corn silage. Key words: NaHCO3, MgO, bentonite, corn silage, lactating cows, buffers

scholarly journals Supplementation of crossbred cows with maize and urea in tropical pasture

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 1187-1193
Author(s):  
M.G. Guerra ◽  
A.S.C. Véras ◽  
M.A. Ferreira ◽  
L.P. Novaes ◽  
A.L.C. Gurgel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Experimental Treatments

ABSTRACT This research article aims to evaluate the effect of total replacement of corn by soybean meal and urea on intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter and its components, production and composition of milk and feeding behavior of lactating cows grazing, with intermittent stocking Mombaça grass (Megathyrsus maximus cv. Mombaça). Twelve milking cows were distributed in a triple 4 x 4 latin square. Experimental treatments consisted of four soybean meal replacement levels by corn more urea (0; 33; 66; 100%). The grass has an average content of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber of 19% and 59%, respectively. The replacement of soybean meal by corn and urea did not affect the intake and digestibility of nutrients. A linear reduction of milk production was observed, but there was no change in milk production corrected to 4.0% of fat. The milk components (g/kg) of fat, protein, lactose, and total solids were not altered, as well as feeding behavior. Under the conditions of this study, the replacement of the diets is suitable for crossbred dairy cows in lactation third medium, producing in average of 12.5 kg/day-1 when kept in quality pastures.

ALFALFA FED AS FORMIC-ACID-TREATED SILAGE, DEHYDRATED PELLETS OR HAY IN MIXED RATIONS WITH CORN SILAGE FOR LACTATING COWS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 945-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. LESSARD ◽  
L. J. FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Lactating Cows

Alfalfa was conserved as formic-acid-treated silage, dehydrated and pelleted forage and as field-cured hay, and used with and without corn silage for a digestibility trial with sheep. Digestibility of dry matter (DM) was higher for hay than for dehydrated forage but not higher than for silage. Crude protein digestibility was higher for silage and for hay than for dehydrated alfalfa. Acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility was lowest on dehydrated forage while hemicellulose digestibility was highest. The inclusion of corn silage in the diets increased digestibilities of DM, energy, hemicellulose and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) but decreased crude protein, and ADF digestibilities. A feeding trial using 20 lactating cows in a four-period changeover design compared silage, hay and dehydrated alfalfa, each in combination with corn silage as forage sources. A corn silage control was also used. Concentrate was fed at a ratio of 1 kg for each 4 kg of milk produced. Cows fed hay or pellets consumed more forage DM than cows fed only silages, but milk production was the same for the three alfalfa sources. Milk fat content was depressed by 0.5 percentage units in the milk of cows fed pellets. Efficiency of utilization of digestible energy (DE) and protein for milk production was higher for the alfalfa silage treatment than for hay or pellets. A lower acetic acid and a higher propionic acid concentration was measured in the rumen fluid of cows fed pellets than for cows.

RAPESEED MEAL VERSUS SOYBEAN MEAL AS THE ONLY PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR LACTATING COWS FED CORN SILAGE ROUGHAGE RATIONS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. WALDERN
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Protein Milk ◽  
Supplemental Protein

Digestion, nitrogen balance, and a 112-day lactation trial were conducted with Holstein–Friesian cows fed corn silage as the only roughage, and concentrate rations containing either rapeseed meal (RSM) or soybean meal (SBM) as the only source of supplemental protein. The RSM and SBM consumed in the lactation trial represented 11.8 and 10.6% of the total daily dry matter intake, respectively. Digestibility of total ration crude protein was lower (P < 0.05) for RSM- than SBM-supplemented cows; nitrogen retention and efficiency of nitrogen utilization, however, was comparable for cows in the two treatment groups. Daily milk production, 4% fat-corrected milk production, percent milk fat, protein, and nonfat solids were greater (P < 0.05) for cows fed concentrate containing SBM than for those fed RSM as the source of supplemental protein. Milk production declined more for cows fed RSM compared with those fed SBM during the 112-day trial.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document