THE INFLUENCE OF ZERANOL ON FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS TRAITS OF CULLED COWS AND HEIFERS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. PRICE ◽  
M. MAKARECHIAN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Young Group ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Cull Cows ◽  
Mature Group ◽  
The University

A total of 126 cows and heifers culled from the University of Alberta beef herd were used in an experiment to study the effects of zeranol, an anabolic growth stimulant. The cattle were divided into two groups: 67 aged less than 4 yr (young) and 59 aged more than 4 yr (mature); within each group, three treatment levels of zeranol were applied (0, 36 or 72 mg/head of the commercial implant Ralgro®). All cattle were fed ad libitum a high-energy diet, and after 68 days the young group were slaughtered at a commercial packing plant; after a further 7 days the mature group were slaughtered at the same plant. Nine carcasses from each treatment level within the young group were fabricated into trimmed commercial cuts at the packing plant. Growth rates among double-implanted (72 mg) cattle were similar to those among single-implanted (36 mg) cattle; in the mature group, the growth rate was also similar in the control (0 mg) cattle. In the young group, implanting zeranol (36 mg or 72 mg) gave a 7–8% (P > 0.05) increase in growth rate. Zeranol caused no detectable changes in carcass traits or cut-out yields. Key words: Zeranol, cull cows, carcass traits

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF DATE OF WEANING ON POSTWEANING PERFORMANCE OF BULL CALVES OF THREE BREED GROUPS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 941-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-M. KUBISCH ◽  
M. MAKARECHIAN
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Daily Rate ◽  
Breed Group ◽  
The University

The effects of weaning date on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of 367 bull calves weaned 1 mo apart were compared in a 2-yr study at the University of Alberta ranch at Kinsella, Alberta. The calves belonged to three distinct breed groups. Calves were weaned either on 1 Oct. or 1 Nov., at which time they averaged 157 ± 1.5 and 189 ± 1.7 d of age, respectively. After a 4-wk postweaning adjustment period, calves in each group were fed a mixed diet containing 90% concentrate and 10% hay. During the period between the two weaning dates early-weaned calves gained more (P < 0.05) than their unweaned contemporaries, while the performance of the two groups during their respective adjustment periods was similar. The late-weaned group gained 175 g d−1 more (P < 0.05) and consumed 800 g d−1 more feed (P < 0.05) during the 140-d feedlot test while feed efficiency did not differ between the two groups. Average daily rate of gain from birth to 1 Oct. had a significant influence on feedlot gain (b = 0.42). Although late-weaned calves had a higher rate of growth during the feedlot test, their early-weaned contemporaries were 14.3 kg heavier and 7 d younger at slaughter. Significant differences in gain and carcass traits were observed between the three breed groups, but the interaction between breed group and weaning date was not significant, indicating that calves of different genetic backgrounds respond similarly to the effects of age at weaning. The results indicate that under Alberta's climatic conditions and despite lower feedlot gains, weaning calves 1 mo early is a viable alternative to the customary weaning date. Key words: Beef calves, bulls, weaning date, carcass traits

INFLUENCE OF COW SIZE AND OTHER FACTORS ON WEIGHT GAIN OF BEEF CALVES TO 365 DAYS OF AGE

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. JEFFERY ◽  
R. T. BERG
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
Breeding Herd ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
The University ◽  
Daily Gain

A study involving three sets of data from the University of Alberta beef breeding herd (1966–67, 176 cows; 1967–68, 167 cows; 1968–70, 285 cows) was conducted to determine the influence of birth weight of calf (BW), postcalving weight of dam (PCW), and breed effect on calf performance to 365 days of age. The influence of preweaning on postweaning performance was also considered. Calves heavier at birth tended to excel in both preweaning and postweaning growth rate. A 1-kg increase in BW resulted in an increase of 2.86–4.42 kg in calf weight at 365 days of age. For male calves, PCW was negatively associated with calf weight at both 180 and 365 days of age for 1966–67 data; however, for 1967–68 and 1968–70 data, a 10-kg increase in PCW resulted in 0.70- and 0.92-kg increases, respectively, in calf weight at 180 days, and 1.96- and 2.12-kg increases in calf weight at 365 days, respectively. For female calves, a 10-kg increase in PCW resulted in 1.40-, 0.88-, and 0.29-kg increases in calf weight at 180 days of age, and 0.68-, 1.31-, and 0.31-kg increases in calf weight at 365 days of age, respectively, for the three sets of data. Breed difference explained from 22 to 43% of the variance in average daily gain of calf to weaning (ADG) but only 0.2–13.8% of the variance in postweaning average daily gain (PWADG). Male calves with higher ADG to weaning or heavier weaning weights tended to have slightly higher PWADG. A 10-kg advantage in weaning weight for male calves resulted in a 12–14-kg advantage in weight at 365 days of age.

PREWEANING PATTERNS OF GROWTH IN THREE BREED GROUPS OF ANGE BEEF CALVES

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. AHUNU ◽  
M. MAKARECHIAN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
June July ◽  
The University

Preweaning weight records of 2856 spring-born calves raised at the University of Alberta cattle ranch during a 15-yr period were used in this study. Calving occurred mainly in April and May every year. Calves from three breed groups: Hereford (HE), Beef Synthetic (SY) and Beef Crossbred (XB) were weighed at birth, and in late June, July and August and at weaning in mid-October. They were classified as early, mid-season and late-born according to their birth dates. Average daily gain (ADG) between two consecutive weighings and relative growth rate (RGR) at each interval were analyzed by the least squares method and the adjusted means were plotted against the mean ages of the calves classified at 2-wk intervals to determine the pattern of changes in ADG and RGR with the increase in age of the calf. The SY calves had the highest ADG and RGR followed by the XB and HE (P < 0.05). Bull calves exhibited significantly higher (P < 0.05) absolute growth rate than heifer calves but the sexes were not different in RGR. Preweaning ADG reached a peak when calves were between 110 and 120 d old and declined thereafter. The decline in RGR was linear during the preweaning period. The mean growth rates of the early and mid-season calves were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of the late-born calves, and early-born calves showed more consistent gain than the mid-season and late-born calves. A pronounced decline in gain was observed for mid-season and late-born calves in late summer when pasture condition deteriorated indicating that early weaning and supplementation of calves' diet at that stage might be beneficial in sustaining growth rate of the calves. Key words: Cattle (beef), preweaning growth, calf (beef)

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF ZERANOL ON SKELETAL GROWTH OF CULL COWS AND HEIFERS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. I. CHAUDHARY ◽  
M. A. PRICE ◽  
S. BUTSON ◽  
M. MAKARECHIAN
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Skeletal Growth ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Cull Cows ◽  
Daily Gain

Thirty-two cull cows aged from 1 to 13 yr were allocated to five age groups and fed individually for 82 days, then slaughtered. Half of the cows within each group were implanted with 36 mg of zeranol. Zeranol had no significant effect on average daily gain, feed efficiency or backfat thickness, but caused a decrease in radio-ulna mass (P = 0.10) and length (P = 0.03). Rate of bone growth at the distal end of the radio-ulna decreased with increasing age to 0 at 4–5 yr. Key words: Cattle, bone growth, zeranol, cull cows, feedlot performance, carcass traits

EFFECTS OF DIETARY ROUGHAGE LEVEL ON THE FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF BULLS AND STEERS

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. PRICE ◽  
G. W. MATHISON ◽  
R. T. BERG
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Daily Gain

An experiment is described comparing bulls and implanted steers fed diets containing three roughage levels (20, 50 and 80% alfalfa–brome hay) with two pens of four cattle in each ’sex’ × dietary roughage level subgroup. Cattle were about 12 mo old and 230 kg at the start of the trial. Each animal was slaughtered when it reached 500 kg. No significant castration × roughage level interactions were found for any of the feedlot or carcass traits studied. Increasing the level of roughage in the diet resulted in a significant decrease in average daily gain (P < 0.01) and an increase in average daily feed (P < 0.01) and feed per kilogram gained (P < 0.01) to 500 kg. Differences in daily digestible energy (DE) consumption and DE and feed cost per kilogram gained were not significant. Increasing the roughage level reduced all measures of carcass fatness (P < 0.05) but had no significant effect on the muscle content. Castration significantly reduced growth rate (P < 0.01) and increased feed requirement per unit of gain (P < 0.05). Steer carcasses were lighter (P < 0.01) and fatter (P < 0.01) than those of bulls and had lighter sample muscle weights (P < 0.01) and smaller sample muscle:bone ratios (P < 0.01).

Centres for Health Evidence Demonstration Project

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Stewart ◽  
Denise Koufogiannakis ◽  
Robert S.A. Hayward ◽  
Ellen Crumley ◽  
Michael E. Moffatt
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Demonstration Project ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Research Opportunities ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Information Usage ◽  
University Of Manitoba ◽  
The University ◽  
Hospital Wards ◽  
Support Evidence

This paper will report on the establishment of the Centres for Health Evidence (CHE) Demonstration Project in both Edmonton at the University of Alberta and in Winnipeg at the University of Manitoba. The CHE Project brings together a variety of partners to support evidence-based practice using Internet-based desktops on hospital wards. There is a discussion of the CHE's cultural and political experiences. An overview of the research opportunities emanating from the CHE Project is presented as well as some early observations about information usage.

scholarly journals Is the Letter ‘t’ in the Word ‘gourmet’? Disruption in Task-Evoked Connectivity Networks in Adults with Impaired Literacy Skills

NeuroSci ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-94
Author(s):  
Kulpreet Cheema ◽  
William E. Hodgetts ◽  
Jacqueline Cummine
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Resting State Networks ◽  
Skilled Readers ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Probe Task ◽  
The University ◽  
General Networks

Much work has been done to characterize domain-specific brain networks associated with reading, but very little work has been done with respect to spelling. Our aim was to characterize domain-specific spelling networks (SpNs) and domain-general resting state networks (RSNs) in adults with and without literacy impairments. Skilled and impaired adults were recruited from the University of Alberta. Participants completed three conditions of an in-scanner spelling task called a letter probe task (LPT). We found highly connected SpNs for both groups of individuals, albeit comparatively more connections for skilled (50) vs. impaired (43) readers. Notably, the SpNs did not correlate with spelling behaviour for either group. We also found relationships between SpNs and RSNs for both groups of individuals, this time with comparatively fewer connections for skilled (36) vs. impaired (53) readers. Finally, the RSNs did predict spelling performance in a limited manner for the skilled readers. These results advance our understanding of brain networks associated with spelling and add to the growing body of literature that describes the important and intricate connections between domain-specific networks and domain-general networks (i.e., resting states) in individuals with and without developmental disorders.

scholarly journals Access to Healthcare for Immigrant Children in Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3320
Author(s):  
Bukola Salami ◽  
Alleson Mason ◽  
Jordana Salma ◽  
Sophie Yohani ◽  
Maryam Amin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Immigrant Children ◽  
Access To Healthcare ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Immigrant Parents ◽  
Financial Barriers ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
The University

Immigrants experience poorer health outcomes than nonimmigrants in Canada for several reasons. A central contributing factor to poor health outcomes for immigrants is access to healthcare. Previous research on access to healthcare for immigrants has largely focused on the experience of immigrant adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate how immigrants access health services for their children in Alberta, Canada. Our study involved a descriptive qualitative design. Upon receiving ethics approval from the University of Alberta Research Ethics Board, we invited immigrant parents to participate in this study. We interviewed 50 immigrant parents, including 17 fathers and 33 mothers. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed according to the themes that emerged. Findings reveal that systemic barriers contributed to challenges in accessing healthcare for immigrant children. Participants identified several of these barriers—namely, system barriers, language and cultural barriers, relationship with health professionals, and financial barriers. These barriers can be addressed by policymakers and service providers by strengthening the diversity of the workforce, addressing income as a social determinant of health, and improving access to language interpretation services.

scholarly journals Success factors in the realization of large ice projects in education

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
Arno Pronk ◽  
Peng Luo ◽  
Qingpeng Li ◽  
Fred Sanders ◽  
Marjolein overtoom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Success Factors ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
The North ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Good Learning ◽  
The University ◽  
Ice Shell ◽  
Motivation And Learning

There has been a long tradition in making ice structures, but the development of technical improvements for making ice buildings is a new field with just a handful of researchers. Most of the projects were realized by professors in cooperation with their students as part of their education in architecture and civil engineering. The following professors have realized ice projects in this setting: Heinz Isler realized some experiments since the 1950s; Tsutomu Kokawa created in the past three decades several ice domes in the north of Japan with a span up to 25 m; Lancelot Coar realized a number of fabric formed ice shell structures including fiberglass bars and hanging fabric as a mold for an ice shell in 2011 and in 2015 he produced an fabric-formed ice origami structure in cooperation with MIT (Caitlin Mueller) and VUB (Lars de Laet). Arno Pronk realized several ice projects such as the 2004 artificially cooled igloo, in 2014 and 2015 dome structures with an inflatable mold in Finland and in 2016–2019, an ice dome, several ice towers and a 3D printed gridshell of ice in Harbin (China) as a cooperation between the Universities of Eindhoven & Leuven (Pronk) and Harbin (Wu and Luo). In cooperation between the University of Alberta and Eindhoven two ice beams were realized during a workshop in 2020. In this paper we will present the motivation and learning experiences of students involved in learning-by-doing by realizing one large project in ice. The 2014–2016 projects were evaluated by Sanders and Overtoom; using questionnaires among the participants by mixed cultural teams under extreme conditions. By comparing the results in different situations and cultures we have found common rules for the success of those kinds of educational projects. In this paper we suggest that the synergy among students participating in one main project without a clear individual goal can be very large. The paper will present the success factors for projects to be perceived as a good learning experience.

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