scholarly journals EFFECTS OF DATE OF WEANING ON POSTWEANING PERFORMANCE OF BULL CALVES OF THREE BREED GROUPS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 941-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-M. KUBISCH ◽  
M. MAKARECHIAN
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Daily Rate ◽  
Breed Group ◽  
The University

The effects of weaning date on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of 367 bull calves weaned 1 mo apart were compared in a 2-yr study at the University of Alberta ranch at Kinsella, Alberta. The calves belonged to three distinct breed groups. Calves were weaned either on 1 Oct. or 1 Nov., at which time they averaged 157 ± 1.5 and 189 ± 1.7 d of age, respectively. After a 4-wk postweaning adjustment period, calves in each group were fed a mixed diet containing 90% concentrate and 10% hay. During the period between the two weaning dates early-weaned calves gained more (P < 0.05) than their unweaned contemporaries, while the performance of the two groups during their respective adjustment periods was similar. The late-weaned group gained 175 g d−1 more (P < 0.05) and consumed 800 g d−1 more feed (P < 0.05) during the 140-d feedlot test while feed efficiency did not differ between the two groups. Average daily rate of gain from birth to 1 Oct. had a significant influence on feedlot gain (b = 0.42). Although late-weaned calves had a higher rate of growth during the feedlot test, their early-weaned contemporaries were 14.3 kg heavier and 7 d younger at slaughter. Significant differences in gain and carcass traits were observed between the three breed groups, but the interaction between breed group and weaning date was not significant, indicating that calves of different genetic backgrounds respond similarly to the effects of age at weaning. The results indicate that under Alberta's climatic conditions and despite lower feedlot gains, weaning calves 1 mo early is a viable alternative to the customary weaning date. Key words: Beef calves, bulls, weaning date, carcass traits

THE INFLUENCE OF ZERANOL ON FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS TRAITS OF CULLED COWS AND HEIFERS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 739-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. PRICE ◽  
M. MAKARECHIAN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Young Group ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Cull Cows ◽  
Mature Group ◽  
The University

A total of 126 cows and heifers culled from the University of Alberta beef herd were used in an experiment to study the effects of zeranol, an anabolic growth stimulant. The cattle were divided into two groups: 67 aged less than 4 yr (young) and 59 aged more than 4 yr (mature); within each group, three treatment levels of zeranol were applied (0, 36 or 72 mg/head of the commercial implant Ralgro®). All cattle were fed ad libitum a high-energy diet, and after 68 days the young group were slaughtered at a commercial packing plant; after a further 7 days the mature group were slaughtered at the same plant. Nine carcasses from each treatment level within the young group were fabricated into trimmed commercial cuts at the packing plant. Growth rates among double-implanted (72 mg) cattle were similar to those among single-implanted (36 mg) cattle; in the mature group, the growth rate was also similar in the control (0 mg) cattle. In the young group, implanting zeranol (36 mg or 72 mg) gave a 7–8% (P > 0.05) increase in growth rate. Zeranol caused no detectable changes in carcass traits or cut-out yields. Key words: Zeranol, cull cows, carcass traits

scholarly journals Effects of Syngenta Enogen Feed Corn containing an α-amylase trait on finishing cattle performance and carcass characteristics1

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 504-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
M L Jolly-Breithaupt ◽  
M E Harris ◽  
B L Nuttelman ◽  
D B Burken ◽  
J C MacDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
University Of Nebraska Lincoln ◽  
The University ◽  
Extension Center ◽  
Enzyme Supplement ◽  
Corn Hybrid

Abstract Two experiments evaluated the effects of feeding a new corn hybrid, containing an α-amylase enzyme trait, Syngenta Enogen Feed Corn (SYT-EFC), on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics at two locations. Experiment 1 utilized 300 calffed steers (298.5 ± 16.3 kg of BW) at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln Eastern Nebraska Research and Extension Center Mead, NE. Treatments were designed as a 2 × 2 + 1–factorial arrangement with factors consisting of 1) corn type (SYT-EFC or conventional [CON]) and 2) byproduct type (with or without Sweet Bran [SB]), or a BLEND of STY-EFC and CON without SB. In Exp. 2, 240 crossbred, calf-fed steers (287.6 ± 15.4 kg of BW) were utilized at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln Panhandle Research and Extension Center near Scottsbluff, NE. Steers were fed SYT-EFC, CON, BLEND, or CON with a commercial α-amylase enzyme supplement (CON-E). In Exp. 1, there was an interaction for ADG (P = 0.05) and G:F (P = 0.02). Steers fed SYT-EFC with SB had greater ADG and G:F than CON; however, in diets without SB, SYT-EFC and CON were not different resulting in a 10.1% change in G:F when steers were fed SYT-EFC in SB compared with CON and only 1.6% change between SYT-EFC and CON without SB. Energy values, based on performance data, resulted in a 6.5% and 8.3% change in NEm and NEg, respectively, for steers fed SYT-EFC and CON with SB and 1.6% change for both NEm and NEg for steers fed SYT-EFC and CON without SB. For the main effect of corn trait, steers fed SYT-EFC had greater marbling scores, fat depth, and calculated yield grade compared with CON (P ≤ 0.03). In diets without SB, there was no difference between SYT-EFC, CON, or BLEND for DMI, final BW, ADG, G:F, NEm, or NEg (P ≥ 0.35). In Exp. 2, cattle fed SYT-EFC, BLEND, or CON-E had greater final BW, ADG, and G:F than cattle fed CON (P ≤ 0.03). On average, NEm and NEg were 4.9% and 7.0% greater, respectively, for steers fed amylase enzyme treatments compared with CON (P ≤ 0.01). Hot carcass weights were greater in steers fed α-amylase treatments compared with CON (P &lt; 0.01). Feeding Syngenta Enogen Feed Corn, which contains an α-amylase enzyme trait, at both locations improved feed efficiency in finishing cattle diets containing WDGS or SB.

The effect of slaughter weight on growth and carcass traits of Holstein-Friesian bulls offered a cereal-based diet

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 156-156
Author(s):  
R.M. Kirkland ◽  
R.W.J. Steen ◽  
D.C. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Beef Producers ◽  
Ready Availability ◽  
Production Characteristics

With the current situation of low profitability in the beef industry, producers must aim to produce beef efficiently and at minimum cost. In view of the ready availability of Holstein Friesian bull calves as a by-product of the dairy industry, the rearing and finishing of these animals offers a possible source of income to beef producers. The objective of the present study was to examine the influence of slaughter weight on feed efficiency and production characteristics of Holstein-Friesian bulls offered a cereal-based diet.

INFLUENCE OF COW SIZE AND OTHER FACTORS ON WEIGHT GAIN OF BEEF CALVES TO 365 DAYS OF AGE

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. JEFFERY ◽  
R. T. BERG
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
Breeding Herd ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
The University ◽  
Daily Gain

A study involving three sets of data from the University of Alberta beef breeding herd (1966–67, 176 cows; 1967–68, 167 cows; 1968–70, 285 cows) was conducted to determine the influence of birth weight of calf (BW), postcalving weight of dam (PCW), and breed effect on calf performance to 365 days of age. The influence of preweaning on postweaning performance was also considered. Calves heavier at birth tended to excel in both preweaning and postweaning growth rate. A 1-kg increase in BW resulted in an increase of 2.86–4.42 kg in calf weight at 365 days of age. For male calves, PCW was negatively associated with calf weight at both 180 and 365 days of age for 1966–67 data; however, for 1967–68 and 1968–70 data, a 10-kg increase in PCW resulted in 0.70- and 0.92-kg increases, respectively, in calf weight at 180 days, and 1.96- and 2.12-kg increases in calf weight at 365 days, respectively. For female calves, a 10-kg increase in PCW resulted in 1.40-, 0.88-, and 0.29-kg increases in calf weight at 180 days of age, and 0.68-, 1.31-, and 0.31-kg increases in calf weight at 365 days of age, respectively, for the three sets of data. Breed difference explained from 22 to 43% of the variance in average daily gain of calf to weaning (ADG) but only 0.2–13.8% of the variance in postweaning average daily gain (PWADG). Male calves with higher ADG to weaning or heavier weaning weights tended to have slightly higher PWADG. A 10-kg advantage in weaning weight for male calves resulted in a 12–14-kg advantage in weight at 365 days of age.

PREWEANING PATTERNS OF GROWTH IN THREE BREED GROUPS OF ANGE BEEF CALVES

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. AHUNU ◽  
M. MAKARECHIAN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
June July ◽  
The University

Preweaning weight records of 2856 spring-born calves raised at the University of Alberta cattle ranch during a 15-yr period were used in this study. Calving occurred mainly in April and May every year. Calves from three breed groups: Hereford (HE), Beef Synthetic (SY) and Beef Crossbred (XB) were weighed at birth, and in late June, July and August and at weaning in mid-October. They were classified as early, mid-season and late-born according to their birth dates. Average daily gain (ADG) between two consecutive weighings and relative growth rate (RGR) at each interval were analyzed by the least squares method and the adjusted means were plotted against the mean ages of the calves classified at 2-wk intervals to determine the pattern of changes in ADG and RGR with the increase in age of the calf. The SY calves had the highest ADG and RGR followed by the XB and HE (P < 0.05). Bull calves exhibited significantly higher (P < 0.05) absolute growth rate than heifer calves but the sexes were not different in RGR. Preweaning ADG reached a peak when calves were between 110 and 120 d old and declined thereafter. The decline in RGR was linear during the preweaning period. The mean growth rates of the early and mid-season calves were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of the late-born calves, and early-born calves showed more consistent gain than the mid-season and late-born calves. A pronounced decline in gain was observed for mid-season and late-born calves in late summer when pasture condition deteriorated indicating that early weaning and supplementation of calves' diet at that stage might be beneficial in sustaining growth rate of the calves. Key words: Cattle (beef), preweaning growth, calf (beef)

scholarly journals Feedlot performance, feed efficiency and carcass traits in Nellore cattle selected for postweaning weight

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Lucila Sobrinho ◽  
Sarah Figueiredo Martins Bonilha ◽  
Heraldo Cesar Gonçalves ◽  
André Michel de Castilhos ◽  
Elaine Magnani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Nellore Cattle

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF ZERANOL ON SKELETAL GROWTH OF CULL COWS AND HEIFERS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. I. CHAUDHARY ◽  
M. A. PRICE ◽  
S. BUTSON ◽  
M. MAKARECHIAN
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Skeletal Growth ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Cull Cows ◽  
Daily Gain

Thirty-two cull cows aged from 1 to 13 yr were allocated to five age groups and fed individually for 82 days, then slaughtered. Half of the cows within each group were implanted with 36 mg of zeranol. Zeranol had no significant effect on average daily gain, feed efficiency or backfat thickness, but caused a decrease in radio-ulna mass (P = 0.10) and length (P = 0.03). Rate of bone growth at the distal end of the radio-ulna decreased with increasing age to 0 at 4–5 yr. Key words: Cattle, bone growth, zeranol, cull cows, feedlot performance, carcass traits

scholarly journals Elevated concentrations of crude glycerin in diets for beef cattle: feedlot performance, carcass traits, and ruminal metabolism1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 4341-4348
Author(s):  
Eric H C B Van Cleef ◽  
Solange Uwituze ◽  
Christian A Alvarado-Gilis ◽  
Kevin A Miller ◽  
Cadra L Van Bibber-Krueger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Crude Glycerin ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Impact Performance

Abstract Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the inclusion of crude glycerin (CG) in diets for beef cattle. In Exp. 1, 4 ruminally cannulated steers were fed diets with 0 or 15% CG (DM basis), to evaluate DM disappearance, VFA profiles, and gas production. There was a tendency for an interaction (P = 0.06) between diet fed to donor animals and substrate fed to in vitro system, and digestion was increased when CG was added to cultures with ruminal fluid from CG-fed animals. Total VFA were unaffected by diets or by substrate incubated. The CG increased production of propionate, butyrate, and valerate (P < 0.01) while the gas production was unaffected (P = 0.16). In Exp. 2, 24 crossbred heifers (334.4 ± 0.9 kg BW) were fed the same diets as Exp. 1, for 35 d. Fecal grab samples were collected 3 times daily on day 7, 21, and 35, to evaluate total tract digestibilities of DM, OM, and NDF. The CG improved digestibility of diet OM (P = 0.04), and DM followed a similar trend (P = 0.06), while the NDF digestibility was unaffected (P = 0.29). In Exp. 3, crossbred heifers (n = 374; 375.8 ± 36.1 kg BW) were used to evaluate feedlot performance and carcass traits when fed diets with 0, 7.5, or 15% CG, with or without added 0.3% salt. Heifers were assigned to 25 pens and were harvested on day 125. Removing salt from CG-based diets did not impact performance (P = 0.50). The CG did not influence average daily gain (P = 0.27), but decreased DM intake (P = 0.003), USDA Yield Grade (P = 0.01), and improved feed efficiency (P = 0.03), while tended to decrease USDA prime carcasses (P = 0.10). Carcass weight (P = 0.24), Longissimus muscle area (P = 0.63), and kidney, pelvic, heart fat (P = 0.59) were unaffected by CG. Twelfth-rib fat was less for heifers fed 15% CG without salt compared with the other treatments (P = 0.005), while marbling was less for heifers fed CG diets compared with the control-fed animals (linear, P = 0.004; quadratic, P = 0.02). In conclusion, GC can replace dry-rolled corn in diets for beef heifers when fed at 15% of diet DM, improving OM digestion, increasing ruminal propionate and butyrate without affecting greenhouse gas emissions. Feeding up to 15% CG improves feed efficiency but depresses marbling and tends to decrease Quality Grade. Removing supplemental salt from CG-diets has no impact on performance or carcass traits.

THYROID HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS: SOME KINETIC PARAMETERS OF TRIIODOTHYRONINE AND METABOLIC RATE IN 'DOUBLE-MUSCLED' CATTLE

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. STRATH ◽  
J. A. BASARAB ◽  
J. R. THOMPSON ◽  
R. T. BERG
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Pool Size ◽  
Irreversible Loss ◽  
University Of Alberta ◽  
Breed Group ◽  
Cattle Serum ◽  
The University

Serum triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) concentrations were determined in 43 cattle of a Beef Synthetic (SY) breed group and 44 cattle of a 'double-muscled' (DM) breed group at the University of Alberta. Animals within the DM breed group were categorized as phenotypically normal, moderate or extreme based on the degree of phenotypic expression of the 'double-muscling' trait. Serum T3 concentration was significantly influenced by the degree of phenotypic expression of the double-muscling trait with phenotypically extreme-muscled DM animals demonstrating an increased T3 concentration as compared with phenotypically normal DM and SY cattle. Serum T3 concentrations in the phenotypically moderate-muscled DM cattle were intermediate. A nonsignificant trend was observed for the phenotypically extreme-muscled DM cattle to have an elevated serum T4 concentration as compared with the other phenotypes. The phenotypically moderate-muscled DM and normal SY cattle tended to be intermediate to phenotypically extreme- and normal-muscled DM cattle in serum T4 concentrations. In another study, some kinetic parameters of T3 were determined in three normal- to moderate-muscled, 19-mo-old DM bulls and three of their extreme-muscled DM half-siblings. The extreme DM cattle exhibited a significantly increased T3 pool size and a trend towards an increased T3 irreversible loss as compared with their half-siblings. The total T3 entry rates in extreme DM cattle and normal- to moderate-muscled cattle were not observed to be significantly different. The metabolic rate of four normal- to moderate-muscled DM bulls and four of their extreme-muscled DM half-siblings were compared. The metabolic rate of the extreme-muscled DM cattle was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of their half-sibling carriers. The increased serum T3 concentration, the larger T3 pool size and the elevated irreversible loss combined with the higher metabolic rate in the extreme DM cattle suggest that this heavily muscled animal type is relatively hyperthyroid. Key words: Thyroxine, triiodothyronine, metabolic rate, double-muscling, cattle

RALGRO® IMPLANTS FOR INTACT MALE CALVES

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. RICHARDS ◽  
D. N. MOWAT ◽  
J. W. WILTON
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Scrotal Circumference ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Breed Group

Forty-eight spring-born bulls (representing early-, medium- and late-maturing breed groups) and 30 fall-born bulls (representing medium- and late-maturing breed groups) were randomly assigned to either a control or treatment group within each breed group. Treated bull calves were initially implanted with Ralgro® at approximately 55 d of age and reimplanted every 84 d for a total of four implants. All bulls were weaned after 140 d on trial at an average age of 195 d, placed into a feedlot in pens of three or four within breed and treatment groups and gradually adjusted to a high grain ration. Bulls were slaughtered when they reached approximately 7 mm of backfat over the 12/13th ribs, determined ultrasonically. Weaning weights and daily gain to weaning were increased slightly, but not significantly, by implanting in both calving groups. Effects tended to be more pronounced with the earlier (medium) maturing breed groups. No effect of implanting on feedlot performance was observed in either the spring- or fall-born bulls. A reduction in the morbidity rate of the spring-born implanted bulls tended to occur during a period of disease outbreak shortly after weaning. Testicular weights were reduced (P < 0.05) with the use of implants in both calving groups. Scrotal circumference was decreased (P < 0.05) by implanting in the spring-born bulls only. For both of these traits, effects were also more pronounced in the early- and medium-maturing breed groups. Effects of implanting on carcass characteristics were slight. Key words: Ralgro®, bulls, live performance, carcass characteristics, testicular development

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