THE EFFECT OF ALFALFA AS A SOURCE OF FIBER IN STARTER DIETS FOR HEIFER CALVES

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-465
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Common Letter ◽  
Whole Milk

Starter diets were formulated to contain 6.6, 12.4, 17.7 and 21.9% fiber by the addition of 0, 20, 40 and 60% reground dehydrated alfalfa to a barley-based concentrate. Sixty Holstein heifer calves were randomly assigned at birth to one of these four diets which were fed free choice from 7 to 70 days of age. Whole milk was fed at 10% of body weight from birth to 56 days. Dry matter intakes were 0.47a, 0.59ab, 0.61b and 0.60ab kg/day and body weight gains were 0.44a, 0.58b, 0.69b and 0.56ab kg/day for diets containing, 0, 20, 40 and 60% alfalfa, respectively (means followed by a common letter are not significantly different (P < 0.05)). Diet did not influence blood components except for blood urea nitrogen which was higher for calves fed diets containing 40 and 60% alfalfa. The amount of fiber in the diet did not influence the incidence of scouring or other disorders. Calves which had scoured for 2 or more days had reduced rates of gain and feed efficiency compared with heifers that did not scour. Dry matter digestibility, as estimated by total fecal collections from six bull calves per diet, was 85.4, 78.7, 73.7 and 75.1 for the diets containing 0, 20, 40 and 60% ground dehydrated alfalfa, respectively. Key words: Alfalfa, dairy calves, digestibility, scours, feed efficiency

scholarly journals Effect of replacing maize and starch with Shoti meal (Curcuma zedoaria) in broiler

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
S Datta ◽  
S Rahman ◽  
O Islam ◽  
M Hassan ◽  
M Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Curcuma Zedoaria ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

The effects of raw and autoclaved Shoti (Curcuma zedoaria) meal on the growth and N utilization of growing broilers were determined. Shoti from Bangladesh Agricultural University campus was collected and sorted on the basis of white color of the rhizome. Then they were chopped into pieces, sun dried and pulverized in a flour mill. Aliquot samples were autoclaved at 1200C under 15 lb of pressure per square inch for 30 min. Autoclaved samples were stored in tightly lid contained for future use. 3 One hundred -day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were reared on the floor and a total of 24 growing broilers, 4 birds in each group were weighed on d 15 Two broilers were placed in each cage. There were a total of four experimental and two control (positive and negative Non-protein control) diets. Diets were fed ad libitum from day 15 to 33days. Body weight, feed intake, feed refusal and fecal weights were recorded every day. Cumulative feed efficiency per bird was calculated as the ratio of weight gained to feed consumed. Dry matter of excreta was determined from the last 10 d of feeding trial by drying aliquots of every day’s droppings by drying for 6 h at 1050C. On d 19, birds were bled to death. Immediately after slaughter, the carcasses were examined systematically. The chemical composition of Shoti meal showed that it is low in protein, fat and trace minerals and therefore mainly a source of energy. The bulk of the tuber (75 percent) consists of carbohydrates, made up of 10.6% fiber, and 64.9% nitrogen free extracts (NFE). A peculiarity of Curcuma rhizome meal contains high level of ash (9.9%) on DM basis. The results showed that at day 33, the weight of the broiler chicken fed shoti 100g, 200g, 300 g and 200g (autoclaved shoti meal)/ Kg diet was significantly different from the weight of the chicken fed on a maize-soybean diet. The birds given shoti meal consumed less feed than those provided with a maize diet. Feed efficiency or weight gain to feed ration over 19-d period was the poorest when fed 300 g Shoti/ Kg diet. Intake picked up when the shoti meal was incorporated after having been autoclaved and there was slight improvement in body weight gain as compared to that of other Shoti fed group. However, feed efficiency and body weight gain as % of initial weight remained significantly lower than the maize-soybean control. The inclusion of Shoti meal generally had an adverse effect on the apparent dry matter digestibility compared with the control diets. The group fed autoclaved shoti meal had a similar effect and the true N digestibility was the lowest when compared to those of control fed on maize-soybean meal. Thus, physical treatment like using autoclave, caused further reduction of digestibility of its N. Lipid digestibility was reduced by ingestion of shoti meal. Since the diets were isocaloric, after correction for the apparent endogenous lipid losses, which were obtained from the results of non-protein control feeding, the net faecal losses was around 66.2% of the ingested lipid against control diet fed birds. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2018. 47 (1): 40-46

A COMPARISON OF WEANING DAIRY CALVES BY BODY WEIGHT VERSUS AGE FROM WHOLE MILK OR MILK-REPLACER

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. L. Gorrill
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Milk Replacers

Ayrshire bull calves were weaned from whole milk or milk-replacer at 7 weeks of age, and at two different body weights, namely 55 and 46 kg. A maximum of 1.82 kg starter was fed daily to 15 weeks of age and 1.82 kg grower concentrate to 180 days of age.Calf performance did not differ significantly by weaning at 7 weeks or 55 kg. Weight gains to weaning and to 15 weeks were significantly lower for calves weaned at 46 kg. The average 180-day body weights for calves weaned at 7 weeks, 55, and 46 kg were 150, 146, and 140 kg, respectively.Whole milk or milk-replacer feeding produced identical calf growth to 180 days of age. Milk-replacer tended to increase preweaning and decrease post-weaning growth of calves weaned at 46 kg compared with whole milk. The augmented preweaning starter intake by calves fed replacer is discussed in relation to the digestible energy content of milk-replacers. It is suggested that energy supplied by plant carbohydrates should not be included in replacers for early-weaned calves, due to the low digestibility of starch by calves until 3 or 4 weeks of age.

THE EFFECT OF LEVEL AND FREQUENCY OF FEEDING WHOLE MILK ON BODY WEIGHT GAIN AND FEED CONVERSION OF CALVES

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-476
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
FRANK VAN MERLE
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Milk Feeding

Thirty-two male Holstein calves, beginning at 1 wk of age, were used to estimate differences in weight gain between two feeding levels and two feeding frequencies over a period of 3 wk. Calves were randomly assigned to one of the following four treatments: whole milk (WM) fed at 10% of body weight (BW) twice a day; WM fed at 10% BW, three times a day; WM fed at 12% of BW, in two feedings per day, or WM fed at 12% of BW, in three feedings per day. Body weight gains and feed conversions were 279 and 437 g per day and 12.02 and 9.51 kg whole milk per kilogram of gain for the 10 and 12% levels of feeding, respectively. There was a trend towards increased rate of gain and improved feed efficiency when calves were fed twice compared to three times a day. Cost of medication was not influenced by level or frequency of feeding. It was concluded from this study that feeding whole milk at 12% of body weight was preferable to feeding at the 10% level of intake. Key words: Milk feeding, level, frequency, dairy calves

scholarly journals PASTURE REARING AND MILK-REPLACER FEEDING OF DAIRY CALVES

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-247
Author(s):  
A. D. L. Gorrill
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Daily Body Weight ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
Feeding Trials

Ayrshire bull calves were utilized in two feeding trials with the following treatments in factorial design: indoors vs. pasture, whole milk vs. milk-replacer, 3 or 4 lb starter daily to 15 weeks of age in the first trial and 2 or 3 lb in the second. All calves received the same treatment after 15 weeks, fall pasture and winter drylot.The average daily body weight gain from 1 week of age to weaning at 130 ± 2 lb was 1.05 lb and did not differ appreciably among treatments. Starter intake was increased markedly by indoor and (or) milk-replacer feeding. Calves receiving milk-replacer indoors consumed an average of 1 lb starter per day; calves fed whole milk on pasture ate only 0.4 lb starter per day. Weight gains from weaning to 15 weeks of age on pasture were 1.5 lb/day for calves weaned from whole milk, and 1.2 lb/day for those previously fed milk-replacer. Starter levels had little effect on the performance of the pasture — whole milk group. Indoor rearing compared with pasture rearing during this period significantly decreased calf gains, the greatest reduction occurring from milk-replacer and (or) low starter level. Calf performance to 1 year of age did not differ as a result of preweaning liquid diet, starter levels, and in the first trial initial rearing environment (1.4 lb/day). The 2-lb starter level significantly decreased yearly gains for calves initially reared indoors compared with pasture.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN TEPUNG CACING TANAH (Lumbricus rubellus) TERHADAP KECERNAAN BAHAN KERING DAN BAHAN ORGANIK RANSUM DOMBA LOKAL JANTAN

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Ginda Sihombing ◽  
Wara Pratitis ◽  
Ginanjar Arya Dewangga
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Lumbricus Rubellus ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility ◽  
The Village ◽  
Male Sheep

<p>The development of sheep livestock is done as a comodity producer to meet the need of the meat. To increase the productivity of the sheep, the feed have a certain quality with the mix of worm flour. This research aims to determine the influence of the use of worm flour (Lumbricus rubellus) concerning to dry and organic matter digestibility lokal male sheeps feed. This research was conducted in the enclosure of research at the Faculty of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry Department of the Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta which is located in the Village Jatikuwung, Gondangrejo District, District Karanganyar. Research was conducted from December 28th, 2008 to February 22nd, 2009 using the 12 local male tail sheep with body weight on average 13.82 ± 0.73 kg / head. Feed given at 6% of body weight consist of a concentrate forage and comparison with 70:30 per cent (basic dry matter). Utilized of the concentrate made of a mixture that consist of bekatul, oilcake soybean, corn flour, worm flour, and premix while forage given a field grass. Feed treatment used field grass 70%, concentrate 30% (P0); field grass 70%, 28% concentrate, worm flour 2% (P1); field grass 70%, 26% concentrate, worm flour 4% (P2) and 70% field grass, 24% concentrate, worms flour 6% (P3). Experimental design used was the Complete Random Design (CRD) pattern, the direction of the 4-level treatment (P0, P1, P2, and P3). Each treatment consist of 3 test replications and the replications each of one local male sheep. Parameter observed: dry matter consumption (DMC), organic matter consumption (OMC), dry matter digestibility (DMD), and organic matter digestibility (OMD). Results of research indicate that the average of the four treatment (P0, P1, P2 and P3) respectively for the dry matter consumption 858.35, 876.57, 881.55 and 887.58 (grams/ head/ day), organic matter consumption 670.32, 682.04, 686.16 and 689.03 (grams/ head/ day), dry matter digestibility 55.17, 59.51, 57.19 and 58.84 percent and organic matter digestibility 66.28, 69.09, 67.21 and 68.12 percent. Variansi analysis results show that the dry matter consumption, organic matter consumption, dry matter digestibility, and organic matter digestibility is not significantly different (P ≥ 0.05). Conclusion of this research is the use of worm flour (Lumbricus rubellus) in feed up to 6% of the total concentration does not affect consumption and digestibility of dry and organic matter, but able to maintain the quality of<br />local male sheep feed.</p>

RAISING DAIRY CALVES WITHOUT WHOLE MILK

1958 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Milk Substitutes ◽  
Milk Feeding

The results of feeding experiments, involving a total of 117 Holstein-Friesian calves, were reported. No whole milk nor fresh skimmilk was fed to the calves after their second day of age. Milk substitutes containing 40 to 50 per cent dried skimmilk, 5 to 10 per cent emulsified, stabilized lard and at least 30 p.p.m. of Aureomycin (chlortetracycline) or Terramycin (oxytetracycline) in the dry matter permitted weight gains equal to, or exceeding, the Beltsville standards during the milk feeding period. Supplementary lecithin had no effect on performance of the calves. Weaning calves from milk substitutes at weights of 145 to 150 lb. was considered preferable to weaning at specified ages because of apparent differences in physiological development that exist among calves for the first few months of life.

scholarly journals PSXIV-34 Encapsulated nitrate on performance of growing Nellore bulls under grazing system during the dry season

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 431-432
Author(s):  
Cibelle B Figueiredo ◽  
Mauricia B Silva ◽  
Juliano Fernandes ◽  
Alana M Calaça ◽  
Higor Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of encapsulated calcium ammonium nitrate as a partial substitute for soybean meals in the concentrate dry matter intake, average daily gain and feed efficiency of Nellore young bulls under grazing conditions, during the dry season. Sixty-four weaned Nellore (initial BW = 177.46±3.77 kg and 9 mo old) were used in a completely randomized assay. The study lasted 84 days on the dry season. Animals were allotted into 16 paddocks of 1.0 ha each of Urochloa brizantha, randomly assigned into one of two treatments: (CTL) supplement with 25% CP, without nitrate inclusion and; (ENP): supplement with 25% CP, with a inclusion of 50 g of encapsulated calcium ammonium nitrate to each 100 kg of body weight. Animals were fed with concentrate at 1.0% of body weight. Concentrate offered was monitored daily as well as his refusals were collected and weighed to determine daily concentrate dry matter intake (DMI) and feed efficiency (F:G). Animals were weighed every 28 d for calculating average daily gain (ADG). Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design, using ANOVA (α = 0.05). No effects of treatments (P &gt; 0.3487) were observed for final BW (246.69 kg). The same for concentrate dry matter intake (P &gt; 0.0550). Animals consumed 2.34 kg of supplement per day. The average daily gain (0.832 kg, P &gt; 0.2649) and feed efficiency (0.356 kg, P &gt; 0.7315) were not affected by the inclusion of nitrate. The inclusion of encapsulated calcium ammonium nitrate in supplement to Nellore young bulls under grazing conditions during the growing phase did not affect the performance.

scholarly journals 389 Effects of energy source on performance and carcass characteristics in hair lambs finished in feedlot

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 155-156
Author(s):  
Roman Castañeda-Serrano ◽  
Fabian Gutierrez-Oviedo ◽  
Marcela Diaz-Cristancho ◽  
Jairo Pardo-Guzman ◽  
Paula Lozano-Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different energy sources on performance, and carcass characteristics in hair lambs finished in feedlots. Twenty-eight hair lambs with an initial body weight (BW) 20.8 ± 3.01, were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments included with seven lambs per treatment. The dietary treatments included an energy source included at 18% Dry matter: S. spectabilis flour (SF), palm kernel (PK), corn bran (CB) and rice bran (RB) in a diet based in corn silage, ground corn, soybean meal formulated to 13.0% PC and 2.6 Mcal/Kg of DM. The feeding trial was performed for 13 weeks. Water was allowed ad libitum. Animals were slaughtered after the feeding trial, and the carcasses were kept at 4°C for 24 h under Colombian standard guidelines. Data were analyzed by using the ANOVA procedure, SAS version 9.1 to perform a randomized complete experiment with four diets. For each studied variable, the mean and standard error of the mean (SEM) were calculated and differences between means were evaluated Using Tukey′s Test (P ≤ 0.05). Final body weight, hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight, hot dressing carcass (%), and cold dressing weight (%) were not different between the four treatments (P &gt; 0.05). Dry matter intake was superior to the S. spectabilis flour (P &lt; 0,001). Feed efficiency was higher in the CB and RB treatments (P &lt; 0,05). These results indicate that the inclusion of S. spectabilis and palm kernel could improve the dry matter intake and corn bran and rice bran the feed efficiency without effects on carcass characteristics

The utilization of roughage by sheep and the red kangaroo, Macropus rufus (Desmarest)

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
JZ Foot ◽  
B Romberg
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Red Kangaroo ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Oat Straw ◽  
Food Residues

Two roughage diets, lucerne hay and oat straw, were given to three Corriedale sheep and three red kangaroos. Dry matter intakes, nitrogen balances, and body weight changes of the animals were compared, and the digestibilities of each diet by each species and the retention times of the food residues in their alimentary tracts were estimated. The kangaroos were less affected by the quality of the diet than were the sheep. The sheep ate nearly the same amount of lucerne hay and less oat straw than the kangaroos, after adjustment for body weight differences. Digestibility coefficients were higher for the lucerne hay when fed to the sheep, but apparent dry matter digestibility coefficients for oat straw were about the same for sheep and kangaroos. The mean retention times of food residues were lower in the kangaroos, and dietary nitrogen was retained to the same or a slightly lesser extent than in the sheep. The kangaroos maintained weight on the poor quality diet and appeared to be even better adapted to utilize this type of roughage than the sheep.

scholarly journals PSXIV-17 Effects of corn bran plus solubles and corn oil on growth performance and carcass traits of finishing bulls

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 436-437
Author(s):  
Arquimedes Lima Junior ◽  
Murillo A Meschiatti ◽  
Vinicius N Gouvêa ◽  
Victor Dantas ◽  
Daniel Silva Antonelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Finishing Diets

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth performance and carcass traits of finishing bulls fed diets containing, on dietary dry matter basis, different levels of corn wet distillers bran plus solubles (WDBS; 0, 15, 30 or 45%) added with or without corn oil (CO; 0 and 3%). A total of 205 Nellore bulls (390 ± 25 kg initial BW) were blocked by initial body weight, distributed in 40 pens and pens within weight block were randomly assigned to treatments in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement. Diets were isonitrogenous and contained 8.5% sugarcane bagasse and 91.5% concentrate (ground corn, soybean meal, pelleted citrus pulp, urea, mineral). The WDBS (FlexyDDG®) and the corn oil were from SJC Bioenergia (Quirinópolis, Goiás, Brazil). Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS. An interaction between CO × WDBS levels was observed for dry matter intake (DMI; P = 0.032). In diets without CO, increasing levels of WDBS linearly (P = 0.004) reduced the DMI, but in diets containing 3% CO, increasing levels of WDBS quadraticaly affected the DMI (P = 0.002). No effects of CO, WDBSF levels or CO × WDBS levels were observed for final body weight, average daily gain, hot carcass weight and dressing percentage. Feed efficiency tended (P = 0.07) to be greater for bulls fed diets containing CO (0.154 vs. 0.144). Increasing levels of WDBS tended (P = 0.09) to increase the feed efficiency. In summary, increasing levels of WDBS in finishing diets linearly (in diets without CO) or quadratically (in diets with CO) reduces the dry matter intake. Adding CO and WDBS tend to increase feed efficiency.

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