VARIATIONS IN THE BLOOD COMPOSITION OF NON-PREGNANT HEREFORD AND ANGUS HEIFERS FED INDIVIDUALLY IN CONFINEMENT ON TWO LEVELS OF ENERGY INTAKE

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-674
Author(s):  
D. M. BOWDEN ◽  
G. C. KOZUB
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acid ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Dietary Phosphorus ◽  
Angus Heifers

Ten Hereford heifers and 10 Angus heifers were given a high energy diet and equal numbers of Hereford and Angus heifers a low energy diet in individual pens from an average age of 476 day s. After 140 day s, one-half of the heifers of each breed on each energy level were changed to the other level while the other half of the heifers remained on the same level for a further 140 days. Blood samples were taken each 28 days to determine the influence of date of sampling and energy intake on levels of organic and inorganic constituents in the blood. Daily gains averaged 0.2 kg on the low and 0.6 kg on the high energy intake. Levels of all the blood constituents measured differed significantly (P < 0.05) between some of the sampling days. Levels of packed cell volume, whole blood glucose and corrected glucose were highest in January, which was the coldest day of blood sampling, and remained high until April. Serum potassium levels declined over the period of the trial. Total serum cholesterol levels increased (P < 0.01) and plasma nonesterified fatty acid levels decreased (P < 0.05) when energy intakes were increased. Serum phosphorus levels increased (P < 0.05) when dietary phosphorus intakes increased. Angus heifers had higher (P < 0.05) corrected glucose levels in their blood than did Hereford heifers.

Physiological effects of deuterium on dogs

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorice M. Czajka ◽  
Asher J. Finkel ◽  
Conrad S. Fischer ◽  
Joseph J. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Blood Cell Count

The physiological consequences of the deuterium isotope effect in large mammals were studied in two dogs, one of which was maintained at 20% concentration of D2O in the body fluids for 50 days, and the other at the toxic range of 33–35% for a brief period. Deuteration of the dogs was effected by replacement of ordinary water with deuterium oxide in both food and drink. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell count dropped but the white blood cell count was essentially unaffected although there was a progressive lymphopenia and granulocytosis. Serum glucose was decreased, especially at higher deuterium levels. Total serum cholesterol values were also diminished although the esters were essentially unchanged. Serum sodium and both NPN and BUN were within normal limits except for a terminal elevation of the latter. Serum potassium was slightly lowered for a brief period after 3 weeks. Electrocardiograms showed ST segment coving and elevation and an increase in the QT ratio that suggested nonspecific myocardial damage; these changes reverted to normal while the dog was still deuterated at a level of 20%. Both dogs exhibited neuromuscular disturbances, in one case definite weakness of the hind legs and in the other, fine muscle tremors.

CHANGES IN LEVELS OF BLOOD CONSTITUENTS DURING FATTENING OF HEREFORD AND ANGUS COWS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-408
Author(s):  
D. M. BOWDEN ◽  
R. HIRONAKA
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Glucose Levels

Blood samples were taken after 36, 94, and 136 days on feed from 20 Angus and 20 Hereford nonpregnant, nonlactating cows being fattened on two diets of similar caloric content. Carcass measurements averaged 31 mm for backfat and 4.3 for marbling score when the animals were slaughtered soon after the third blood sampling. Blood PCV and hemoglobin levels increased (P < 0.05) from 36 to 94 days on feed but did not change significantly from 94 to 136 days. Blood glucose and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration increased (P < 0.05) from 36 to 136 days. Total plasma cholesterol levels increased (P < 0.05) from 36 to 94 days on feed and then decreased (P < 0.05) to 136 days; however, the levels at 136 days remained higher (P < 0.05) than at 36 days. Plasma triglyceride levels tended to increase through the trial, but the changes were not significant. Plasma NEFA levels increased (P < 0.05) from 94 to 136 days. Angus cows had higher (P < 0.05) PCV values and blood glucose levels than Hereford cows only at 136 days. Body weight gains in the period from 94 to 136 days on feed were significantly correlated (P < 0.01) with changes in the same period in blood levels of glucose (r = 0.46), total cholesterol (r = 0.67), and triglycerides (r = 0.49). Results of this study suggest that even after long periods of high energy feeding, the metabolism of fattening cows was still adjusting, as indicated by changes in levels of some blood constituents.

scholarly journals Gestational obesity accentuates obesity in obesity-prone progeny

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (4) ◽  
pp. R1374-R1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry E. Levin ◽  
Elizabeth Govek
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Background ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Liquid Diet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Fat Pads

Maternal obesity and genetic background can affect the development of obesity and diabetes in offspring. Here we used selected strains of rats resistant (DR) vs. susceptible to development of diet-induced obesity (DIO) on high-energy (HE) diets to assess this issue. DR and DIO dams were fed either Chow or HE diet for 4 wk. DIO HE diet-fed dams and additional DR rats fed a palatable liquid diet (Ensure) became more obese and hyperinsulinemic than the other groups. During lactation, all dams were fed their respective diets, and offspring were fed Chow from weaning to 16 wk of age. All offspring of DIO dams gained more weight and had heavier retroperitoneal fat pads and higher leptin levels than DR progeny, but offspring of the more obese DIO HE dams had heavier fat pads and higher glucose levels than DIO Chow offspring. After 4 wk on HE diet, all DIO offspring gained more weight and had heavier total adipose depots and higher insulin and leptin levels than DR offspring. Offspring of DIO HE dams also gained more weight and had heavier fat depots and higher leptin levels than DIO Chow offspring. Therefore maternal obesity and hyperinsulinemia were associated with increased obesity in those offspring already genetically predisposed to become obese.

Effects of pre-mating energy intake on reproductive performance of rabbit does

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Fortun-Lamothe
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThe aim of this experiment was to study the effect of stimulation of pre-mating energy intake on reproductive performance at the subsequent mating or parturition of rabbit does during four successive cycles. In the C (control, no. = 59) and R (restricted, no. = 67) groups, females had free access to the M diet (9·92 MJ/kg dry matter (DM)), except from 18 to 31 days of gestation when R females were given 150 glday. In the E group (high energy diet, no. = 64), females were given ad libitum the H diet (12·19 MJ/kg DM) from 1 to 14 days of lactation, with the M diet for the rest of the time. Females were presented to the male 10 toll days after parturition during four cycles. For primiparous does, the experimental design had no effect on pre-mating energy intake, acceptance or conception rate and litter size or weight. However, for multiparous does, pre-mating energy intake was higher for the E and the R group females than for the C group females (+0·08 and +0·04; P < 0·01). Acceptance rate of the male (47·1% v. 69·0%) and weight of the young rabbits at birth (-0·09) were lower in the R group than in the other groups (P < 0·001). The mortality of sucking rabbits was lower (6·5% v. 24·7%) and conception rate for the fourth litter was higher (97·1% v. 78·4%) in the E group than in the other groups (P < 0·05).These results suggested that increased pre-mating energy intake could have a positive effect on conception rate. However, inadequate pre-partum energy intake (food restriction) has a detrimental effect on receptivity and litter weight.

scholarly journals Investigation of nootropic potential of ethanol extract of Elettaria cardamomum Maton fruit (Cardamom): a spice of India

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sapna Saini ◽  
Manjusha Choudhary ◽  
Ankur Garg
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Task ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Elettaria Cardamomum

Abstract Background Cognitive impairment mainly affects learning and problem solving abilities of the person. Traditional medicines, due to fewer side effects, more efficacy and lesser cost are still the choice of treatment in India. The main objective of the present study is to explore the nootropic potential of ethanol extract of Elettaria cardamomum Maton fruits. The present study was conducted by using exteroceptive behavioral models like elevated plus maze, passive avoidance apparatus and object recognition task at doses 100, 300 and 500 mg/kg. Results Ethanol extract of E. cardamomum fruits significantly decreased transfer latency and increased step down latency and discrimination index respectively when compared to normal control groups. Piracetam and diazepam exhibited respective rise and fall in memory of the animals. The effect of plant extract on total serum cholesterol, acetylcholinesterase and malondialdehyde were more effective at two higher doses. However, it decreased serum glucose levels insignificantly whereas a significant rise in brain GSH levels was observed with increasing dose of the extract. Conclusions The study concludes that the nootropic effect of ethanol extract may be attributable to its anti-oxidant, anti-cholinesterase and cholesterol as well as glucose lowering potential.

scholarly journals Lipolytic Postbiotic from Lactobacillus paracasei Manages Metabolic Syndrome in Albino Wistar Rats

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 472
Author(s):  
Ali Osman ◽  
Nashwa El-Gazzar ◽  
Taghreed N. Almanaa ◽  
Abdalla El-Hadary ◽  
Mahmoud Sitohy
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Lactobacillus Paracasei ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol

The current study investigates the capacity of a lipolytic Lactobacillus paracasei postbiotic as a possible regulator for lipid metabolism by targeting metabolic syndrome as a possibly safer anti-obesity and Anti-dyslipidemia agent replacing atorvastatin (ATOR) and other drugs with proven or suspected health hazards. The high DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS [2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] scavenging activity and high activities of antioxidant enzyme such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) of the Lactobacillus paracasei postbiotic (cell-free extract), coupled with considerable lipolytic activity, may support its action against metabolic syndrome. Lactobacillus paracasei isolate was obtained from an Egyptian cheese sample, identified and used for preparing the postbiotic. The postbiotic was characterized and administered to high-fat diet (HFD) albino rats (100 and 200 mg kg−1) for nine weeks, as compared to atorvastatin (ATOR; 10 mg kg−1). The postbiotic could correct the disruption in lipid metabolism and antioxidant enzymes in HFD rats more effectively than ATOR. The two levels of the postbiotic (100 and 200 mg kg−1) reduced total serum lipids by 29% and 34% and serum triglyceride by 32–45% of the positive control level, compared to only 25% and 35% in ATOR’s case, respectively. Both ATOR and the postbiotic (200 mg kg−1) equally decreased total serum cholesterol by about 40% and 39%, while equally raising HDL levels by 28% and 30% of the positive control. The postbiotic counteracted HFD-induced body weight increases more effectively than ATOR without affecting liver and kidney functions or liver histopathology, at the optimal dose of each. The postbiotic is a safer substitute for ATOR in treating metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Ingredients, Functionality, and Safety of the Japanese Traditional Sweet Drink Amazake

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 469
Author(s):  
Atsushi Kurahashi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Bowel Movement ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
The Other ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Main Components

The sweet drink amazake is a fermented food made from Aspergillus oryzae and related koji molds in Japan. There are two types of drinks called amazake, one made from koji (koji amazake) and the other made from sake lees, a by-product of sake (sakekasu amazake). The sweetness of koji amazake is from glucose, derived from starch broken down by A. oryzae amylase. The other, sakekasu amazake, depends on added sugar. The main components are glucose and sucrose, but they also contain more than 300 other ingredients. Koji amazake contains oligosaccharides and ergothioneine, and sakekasu amazake has a resistant protein and α-ethyl glucoside, which are characteristic ingredients of each amazake. However, there are also common ingredients such as glycosylceramide. Functionality is known to include anti-fatigue, bowel movement, skin barrier, and other effects on human health. In particular, the bowel movement-improving effects have been well studied for both amazakes. These functions result from ingesting approximately 100 mL per day, but human clinical trials have clarified that this amount has no effect on blood glucose levels and weight gain. In the future, the identification of substances associated with each function is required.

Energy Intakes of Ultraendurance Cyclists During Competition, an Observational Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine E. Black ◽  
Paula M.L. Skidmore ◽  
Rachel C. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
And Performance

Endurance events >10 hr are becoming increasingly popular but provide numerous physiological challenges, several of which can be attenuated with optimal nutritional intakes. Previous studies in ultraendurance races have reported large energy deficits during events. The authors therefore aimed to assess nutritional intakes in relation to performance among ultraendurance cyclists. This observational study included 18 cyclists in a 384-km cycle race. At race registration each cyclist’s support crew was provided with a food diary for their cyclist. On completion of the race, cyclists were asked to recall their race food and drink intakes. All food and fluids were analyzed using a computer software package. Mean (SD) time to complete the race was 16 hr 21 min (2 hr 2 min). Mean (SD) energy intake was 18.7 (8.6) MJ, compared with an estimated energy requirement for the race of 25.5 (7.4) MJ. There was a significant negative relationship between energy intake and time taken to complete the race (p = .023, r2 = −.283). Mean (SD) carbohydrate, fat, and protein intakes were 52 (27), 15.84 (56.43), and 2.94 (7.25) g/hr, respectively. Only carbohydrate (p = .015, r2 = −.563) and fat intake (p = .037, r2 = −.494) were associated with time taken to complete the race. This study demonstrates the difficulties in meeting the high energy demands of ultraendurance cycling. The relationship between energy intake and performance suggests that reducing the energy deficit may be advantageous. Given the high carbohydrate intakes of these athletes, increasing energy intake from fat should be investigated as a means of decreasing energy deficits.

scholarly journals Urinary Bisphenol A and Hypertension in a Multiethnic Sample of US Adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anoop Shankar ◽  
Srinivas Teppala
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Human Study ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

Background. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a common chemical used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, with >93% of US adults having detectable BPA levels in urine. Recent animal studies have suggested that BPA exposure may have a role in several mechanisms involved in the development of hypertension, including weight gain, insulin resistance, thyroid dysfunction, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. However, no previous human study has examined the association between markers of BPA exposure and hypertension.Methods. We examined urinary BPA levels in 1380 subjects from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2003-2004. Main outcome-of-interest was hypertension, defined as blood pressure-reducing medication use and/or blood pressures >140/90 mm of Hg (n=580).Results. We observed a positive association between increasing levels of urinary BPA and hypertension independent of confounding factors such as age, gender, race/ethnicity, smoking, body mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus and total serum cholesterol levels. Compared to tertile 1 (referent), the multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of hypertension associated with tertile 3 was 1.50 (1.12−2.00);P-trend = 0.007. The association was consistently present in subgroup analyses by race/ethnicity, smoking status, BMI, and diabetes mellitus.Conclusions. Urinary BPA levels are associated with hypertension, independent of traditional risk factors.

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