scholarly journals Urinary Bisphenol A and Hypertension in a Multiethnic Sample of US Adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anoop Shankar ◽  
Srinivas Teppala
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Human Study ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

Background. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a common chemical used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, with >93% of US adults having detectable BPA levels in urine. Recent animal studies have suggested that BPA exposure may have a role in several mechanisms involved in the development of hypertension, including weight gain, insulin resistance, thyroid dysfunction, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. However, no previous human study has examined the association between markers of BPA exposure and hypertension.Methods. We examined urinary BPA levels in 1380 subjects from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2003-2004. Main outcome-of-interest was hypertension, defined as blood pressure-reducing medication use and/or blood pressures >140/90 mm of Hg (n=580).Results. We observed a positive association between increasing levels of urinary BPA and hypertension independent of confounding factors such as age, gender, race/ethnicity, smoking, body mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus and total serum cholesterol levels. Compared to tertile 1 (referent), the multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of hypertension associated with tertile 3 was 1.50 (1.12−2.00);P-trend = 0.007. The association was consistently present in subgroup analyses by race/ethnicity, smoking status, BMI, and diabetes mellitus.Conclusions. Urinary BPA levels are associated with hypertension, independent of traditional risk factors.

scholarly journals Predicting 10-year cardiovascular risk using WHO/ISH risk prediction chart among urban population in Salem

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5228
Author(s):  
K. Premanandh ◽  
R. Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Very High

Background: Coronary vascular disease (CVD) risk estimation tools are a simple means of identifying those at high risk in a community and hence a potentially cost-effective strategy for CVD prevention in resource-poor countries. The WHO /ISH risk prediction charts provide approximate estimates of cardiovascular disease risk in people who do not have established coronary heart disease, stroke or other atherosclerotic disease.Methods: A total of 280 subjects between 40 to 70 years of age were included in this cross sectional study. Eligible households was selected randomly (every 5th household) for the interview using systematic random sampling. Age, gender, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, presence or absence of diabetes and total serum cholesterol were used to compute the total CVD risk using WHO/ISH CVD risk prediction chart. The chart stratify an individual into low (<10%), moderate (10% to <20%), high (20% to <30%), and very high (>30%) risk groups.Results: Moderate and high CVD risk were 12.14% and 7.5% respectively. Of total study participants, 2.5% had very high risk (>40%). High risk (binge drinking) alcohol drinkers (p=0.04) and abdominal obesity (p=0.0001) were significantly associated with higher CVD risk. Higher prevalence of behavioral risk factors was also reported in our study population.Conclusions: A large proportion of the population is at moderate and high cardiovascular risk. Risk stratification and identification of individuals with a high risk for CHD who could potentially benefit from intensive primary prevention efforts are critically important in reducing the burden of CVD in India.

scholarly journals Serum Non-esterified Fatty Acids and Risk of Incident Stroke in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1416-1416
Author(s):  
Neil Huang ◽  
Nirupa Matthan ◽  
Mary Biggs ◽  
W T Longstreth ◽  
David Siscovick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Total N

Abstract Objectives Significant associations between plasma total non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations and incident ischemic stroke have been reported in some but not all prospective cohort studies. Given the functional and structural diversity among circulating NEFA, the association of individual or sub-groups of circulating NEFAs may provide additional insight into their relationship with incident stroke. We hypothesized fasting serum monounsaturated, n-6 polyunsaturated (PUFA) and n-3 PUFA NEFA are inversely associated, and saturated and trans NEFA are positively associated with incident stroke. Methods We analyzed the incidence of stroke among Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) participants who were free of stroke in 1996–1997 (baseline) and had an archived fasting serum sample (N = 2028). At baseline, mean age was 77.8 ± 4.5, body mass index (BMI) was 26.7 ± 4.4 and 61% were female. A total of 38 individual NEFAs were measured using gas chromatography. Cox regression was used to evaluate the association of individual and 5 sub-group (saturated, monounsaturated, n-6 PUFA, n-3 PUFA and trans) NEFAs with incident stroke, adjusting for age, sex, race and field center (model 1); model 1 covariates plus serum albumin, smoking, education, physical activity, alcohol consumption, eGFR, BMI, aspirin use, waist circumference, hypertension, prevalent diabetes and total serum cholesterol concentration (model 2). Results A total of 338 cases of incident stroke occurred during median follow-up of 10.5 years. In the fully adjusted model 2, individuals in the highest quartile of serum 16:1n-7 had a 56% higher risk of stroke (quartiles 4 versus 1, hazard ratio [HR], 1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–2.25; P-trend = 0.02); highest quartile of total n-6 PUFA NEFA had a 40% higher risk (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 0.99–1.98; P-trend = 0.03); and highest quartile of 20:3n-6 had a 53% higher risk (HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.09–2.14; P-trend = 0.01). No significant associations were observed between saturated, n-3 PUFA, and trans NEFAs with incident stroke. Conclusions These data suggest a positive association between fasting serum 16:1n-7, 20:3n-6 and total n-6 PUFA NEFAs with incident stroke in CHS participants. No significant associations were observed for the other individual or sub-groups of NEFAs. Funding Sources NIH and USDA.

scholarly journals Bisphenol A and Metabolic Syndrome: Results from NHANES

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivas Teppala ◽  
Suresh Madhavan ◽  
Anoop Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Direct Association ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

Background. Bisphenol A (BPA) is detected in the urine of>95% of US adults. Recent evidence from population-based studies suggests that BPA is associated with individual components for metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, no previous study has examined the direct association between BPA and MetS.Methods. We examined 2,104 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2008. The main outcome was the presence of MetS (n=741).Results. Increasing levels of urinary BPA were positively associated with MetS, independent of confounders such as age, gender, race/ethnicity, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, and urinary creatinine. Compared to tertile 1 (referent), the multivariable adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of MetS in tertile 3 was 1.51 (1.07–2.12);P-trend was 0.02.Conclusions. Urinary BPA levels are positively associated with MetS, in a representative sample of US adults and independent of traditional risk factors for MetS. Future, prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings.

Studies on lipid profile in patients with non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
Md Manzurur Rahman Shah Choudhury ◽  
Towhidul Alam ◽  
AKM Shahidur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Patient ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lipid Abnormalities ◽  
Niddm Patients

Diabetes mellitus is a global health problem and is associated with abnormalities of lipids and lipoprotein metabolism in variable frequency. The aim of the present work was to study the lipid abnormalities in NIDDM patients. Dyslipidaemia is of special interest because to compare it between male and female NIDDM patients and as well as to see the impact between women of reproductive age group and post menopausal women. For this purpose total serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, HDL-C and LDL/HDL ratio were determined of a total number of 160 subjects. Out of these 80 subjects were diabetic and 80 were non-diabetic control subjects of both sexes. In this study, the total serum cholesterol levels were higher in NIDDM than control subjects and showed significant statistical difference (P<0.05) between control and NIDDM subjects. The serum triglyceride levels were found higher amongst diabetics as compared to the normal healthy controls and showed statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Higher LDL-C levels were showed in NIDDM and revealed significant difference (P<0.05) in comparison to control non-diabetic subjects and NIDDM patients. HDL-C levels were found decreased in patients with NIDDM compared to controls. The findings in the patients with NIDDM between male and female revealed no significant difference (P>0.05) in mean TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C between male and female diabetic patient in unpaired t-test. With improvement of diabetic control some improvement of the lipid abnormalities can be achieved. Most studies have shown that improvement of lipid abnormalities occur with proper glycaemic control in patients with NIDDM. The atherosclerotic process in the diabetic patient is indistinguishable from that seen in the non-diabetic population but it begins earlier and is more severe. Risk factors associated with atherosclerosis in the non-diabetic subject appear to have a similar relation to coronary heart disease among diabetics. Further studies are necessary to confirm the present suggestions, studies involving more number of subjects, estimation of Hb AIC.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v2i1.13516 KYAMC Journal Vol.2(1) 2011 pp.123-127

scholarly journals Study to find out the significance of postprandial dyslipidemia in diabetic patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Ayyali Ambresh ◽  
Ram Chaitanya K
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Fasting State ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Postprandial State

: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases, which is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia, which results from the defects in the insulin action, insulin secretion or both. The most prevalent form of the disease, type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is often asymptomatic in the early stages and it may remain undiagnosed for many years.The insulin resistance in the liver leads to failure of the hyperinsulinaemia to suppress the gluconeogenesis, which increases fasting glucose levels and decreases. glycogen storage by the liver in the postprandial phase. Increased glucose production in the liver occurs early in the course of diabetes, and it is likely in skeletal muscles after the onset of the insulin secretory abnormalities and the insulin resistance. Due to the insulin resistance in the adipose tissue and obesity, the free fatty acid (FFA) flux from the adipocytes is increased, which in turn leads to an increase in lipid [very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and triglycerides] synthesis in the hepatocytes. This is responsible for the dyslipidaemia which is found in type2 diabetes mellitus [elevated triglycerides, reduced HDL, and increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particlesIndividuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of developing microvascular and macrovascular complications.: To find out the significance of postprandial dyslipidemia in diabetic patients.: This is a cross-sectional study, wherein written informed consent was taken after giving detailed information to the participants regarding the study. Patients who were in the age group of 35-65 years, admitted in the Department of Medicine, RRMCH from November 2017 for next 18 months with Diabetes Mellitus who met a predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were studied. The study was initiated after obtaining clearance from the institution's ethical committee.: There was a significant elevation of mean values of total serum cholesterol, LDL and TG of cases and controls in the postprandial state compared to their fasting state, statistical significance was found (P&#60;0.05).Mean values of total serum cholesterol, LDL and TG of cases in fasting state were significantly more compared to controls in fasting state, statistical significance was found (P&#60;0.05).Mean values of total serum cholesterol, LDL and TG of cases in the postprandial state were significantly more compared to controls in the postprandial state, statistical significance was found (P&#60;0.05).Mean values of both FBS and PPBS in cases were higher compared to controls (P&#60;0.05). Mean values of PPBS in cases and controls were significantly more compared to their respective FBS values (P&#60;0.05).The mean HbA1c values in cases were higher(7.142) compared to controls (5.554).: Prevalence of diabetes was highest in the age group 56-65 years in our hospital.As the duration of diabetes increases, there is an increased prevalence of dyslipidemia in the cases.Past history of HTN, IHD, PVD and CVA were found significantly more in subjects with fasting and postprandial dyslipidemia (cases) compared to those without(controls).Patients on irregular treatment (63%) were more in the study group(cases) compared to controls. So it could be said that patient not on regular treatment are more prone to have dyslipidemia. (fasting as well as postprandial). There was a significant increase in total serum cholesterol, LDL and TG in postprandial states of cases compared to that in controls, so it could be said that diabetic patients with fasting dyslipidemia are more prone to have dyslipidemia in the postprandial state.

scholarly journals Relationship between Plasma Leptin Level and Chronic Kidney Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anoop Shankar ◽  
Shirmila Syamala ◽  
Jie Xiao ◽  
Paul Muntner
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Hypertension Status ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Hemostatic Factors ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Plasma Leptin

Background. Leptin is an adipose tissue-derived hormone shown to be related to several metabolic, inflammatory, and hemostatic factors related to chronic kidney disease. Recent animal studies have reported that infusion of recombinant leptin into normal rats for 3 weeks fosters the development of glomerulosclerosis. However, few studies have examined the association between leptin and CKD in humans. Therefore, we examined the association between plasma leptin levels and CKD in a representative sample of US adults.Methods. We examined the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants >20 years of age (n=5820, 53.6% women). Plasma leptin levels were categorized into quartiles (≤4.3 Fg/L, 4.4–8.7 Fg/L, 8.8–16.9 Fg/L, >16.9 Fg/L). CKD was defined as a glomerular filtration rate of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2estimated from serum creatinine.Results. Higher plasma leptin levels were associated with CKD after adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, smoking, alcohol intake, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, hypertension, and serum cholesterol. Compared to quartile 1 of leptin (referent), the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of CKD associated with quartile 4 was 3.31 (1.41 to 7.78);P-trend= 0.0135. Subgroup analyses examining the relation between leptin and CKD by gender, BMI categories, diabetes, and hypertension status also showed a consistent positive association.Conclusion. Higher plasma leptin levels are associated with CKD in a representative sample of US adults.

scholarly journals Urinary Bisphenol A Levels and Measures of Obesity: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2008

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anoop Shankar ◽  
Srinivas Teppala ◽  
Charumathi Sabanayagam
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
National Health ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
Nutritional Examination Survey

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely used chemical. We examined the association between urinary BPA levels and obesity in the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2008. The main outcome of interest was obesity defined as (1) body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 Kg/m2 and (2) waist circumference (WC) ≥ 102 cm in men and ≥ 88 cm in women. Urinary BPA levels were examined in quartiles. Overall, we observed a positive association between increasing levels of urinary BPA and both measures of obesity, independent of potential confounding factors including, smoking, alcohol consumption, and serum cholesterol levels. Compared to quartile 1 (referent), the multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) associated with quartile 4 for BMI-based obesity was 1.69 (1.30–2.20); P-trend < 0.0001 and for WC-based obesity was 1.59 (1.21–2.09); P-trend = 0.0009. This association between BPA and both measures of obesity was consistently present across gender and race-ethnic groups (all P-trend < 0.05). Elevated levels of urinary BPA are associated with measures of obesity independent of traditional risk factors. This association is consistently present across gender and race-ethnic groups. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm or disprove this finding.

scholarly journals Lipolytic Postbiotic from Lactobacillus paracasei Manages Metabolic Syndrome in Albino Wistar Rats

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 472
Author(s):  
Ali Osman ◽  
Nashwa El-Gazzar ◽  
Taghreed N. Almanaa ◽  
Abdalla El-Hadary ◽  
Mahmoud Sitohy
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Lactobacillus Paracasei ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol

The current study investigates the capacity of a lipolytic Lactobacillus paracasei postbiotic as a possible regulator for lipid metabolism by targeting metabolic syndrome as a possibly safer anti-obesity and Anti-dyslipidemia agent replacing atorvastatin (ATOR) and other drugs with proven or suspected health hazards. The high DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS [2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] scavenging activity and high activities of antioxidant enzyme such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) of the Lactobacillus paracasei postbiotic (cell-free extract), coupled with considerable lipolytic activity, may support its action against metabolic syndrome. Lactobacillus paracasei isolate was obtained from an Egyptian cheese sample, identified and used for preparing the postbiotic. The postbiotic was characterized and administered to high-fat diet (HFD) albino rats (100 and 200 mg kg−1) for nine weeks, as compared to atorvastatin (ATOR; 10 mg kg−1). The postbiotic could correct the disruption in lipid metabolism and antioxidant enzymes in HFD rats more effectively than ATOR. The two levels of the postbiotic (100 and 200 mg kg−1) reduced total serum lipids by 29% and 34% and serum triglyceride by 32–45% of the positive control level, compared to only 25% and 35% in ATOR’s case, respectively. Both ATOR and the postbiotic (200 mg kg−1) equally decreased total serum cholesterol by about 40% and 39%, while equally raising HDL levels by 28% and 30% of the positive control. The postbiotic counteracted HFD-induced body weight increases more effectively than ATOR without affecting liver and kidney functions or liver histopathology, at the optimal dose of each. The postbiotic is a safer substitute for ATOR in treating metabolic syndrome.

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