RESPONSE TO WEANING AT TWO TO FIVE WEEKS OF AGE BY THE YOUNG DAIRY CALF

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. WINTER
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Dairy Calf ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Holstein Calves

In two experiments Ayrshire and Holstein bull calves were weaned off whole milk onto dry feed at various ages, ranging from 14 to 35 days, to determine the earliest age at which calves may be weaned successfully. Ayrshire calves were weaned at 14, 21 and 35 days with no significant differences in weight gains or feed intake to 15 wk of age. Holstein calves were weaned off whole milk or fermented colostrum at 17, 21, 24, 28 and 35 days of age with no significant differences in weight gains and feed intake to 12 wk of age. Also, the feeding of either fresh whole milk or fermented colostrum did not sigificantly affect animal performance. Several calves weaned at less than 21 days, in each experiment, refused to eat dry feed. Post-weaning deaths of several calves weaned at 21 days were attributed to prolonged pre-weaning scours or illness at time of weaning. It was concluded that healthy male calves may be weaned successfully at 21 days of age but weaning should be delayed for calves afflicted with scours or other illness. Agressive eaters may be weaned as early as 14 days of age but some calves weaned at less than 21 days of age may encounter problems in adapting to dry feed.

FISH SILAGE AS A PROTEIN SOURCE FOR EARLY WEANED CALVES

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. WINTER ◽  
A. HAMID JAVED
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Fish silage, preserved with 3.5% formic acid, was fed to Holstein bull calves weaned onto dry feed at 3 wk of age. Dietary treatments were: (1) soybean meal-supplemented calf starter, (2) a low protein grain mix combined with fish silage in a 2:1 ratio (wt/wt), and (3) the same grain mix combined with fish silage in a 4:3 ratio (wt/wt). Initial acceptance of the fish silage diets equalled that of the soybean meal diet. Over the 10-wk period, feed consumption, weight gains, and feed:gain ratio tended to be slightly poorer as the proportion of fish silage in the diet increased. Only during the final 6 wk of the trial were weight gains significantly reduced by calves on the fish silage diets. It was concluded that fish silage can be used as a protein source for young calves.

RESPONSE OF MALE HOLSTEIN CALVES FROM SEVEN SIRES TO FOUR MANAGEMENT STRESSES AS MEASURED BY PLASMA CORTICOID LEVELS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. JOHNSTON ◽  
R. B. BUCKLAND
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Significant Response ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Transportation Stress

A total of 42 Holstein bull calves from 7 sires were used over three replicates, each lasting for 5 mo, to examine the adrenal cortex response, as measured by plasma corticoid level, to four environmental stresses. The four stresses examined were (1) transportation within the 1st wk of life, (2) water withdrawal for 48 h at 3 mo, (3) castration and dehorning at 4 mo, and (4) transportation at 5 mo of age. Blood samples were taken just prior to each stress (resting), immediately after (except 2), 24 h after (1, 2, 3 and 4) and 48 h after for 3 and 4. Additional resting samples were collected at 1 and 2 mo of age. The average resting plasma adrenal corticoid level was 4.11 ± 0.47 ng/ml, while the average peak plasma corticoid values for the four stresses were 21.77 ± 1.78 ng/ml, 9.61 ± 1.13 ng/ml, 10.11 ± 1.36 ng/ml, and 19.63 ± 2.10 ng/ml, respectively. The adrenal cortex response was significant in the case of both transportation stresses (P < 0.01) and for the castration and dehorning stress (P < 0.05). Forty-eight hours of water withdrawal did not elicit a significant response. Replicate had a significant effect on corticoid levels (P < 0.01), while sire had a significant effect only on the values associated with the second transportation stress (P < 0.01).

Growth, feed intake, methane emissions and carbon footprint from Holstein bull calves fed four different rations

2018 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Louise Frydendahl Hellwing ◽  
Peter Lund ◽  
Lisbeth Mogensen ◽  
Mogens Vestergaard
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Bull Calves

1462 Effects of mineral and vitamin supplementation to pasteurized whole milk diets on growth and health of preruminant Holstein bull calves

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 709-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Wood ◽  
L. A. Krueger ◽  
M. Dehghan Banadaky ◽  
J. R. Stabel ◽  
M. A. Engstrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin Supplementation ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Whole Milk

HEAVY VEAL PRODUCTION WITH HOLSTEIN CALVES RAISED BY MULTIPLE SUCKLING OR MILK REPLACERS AND FATTENED WITH WHOLE CORN, BARLEY OR OATS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. LATRILLE ◽  
J. P. PARÉ ◽  
G. ST-LAURENT ◽  
C. POMAR
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Veal Calves ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Milk Replacers ◽  
Better Than

Three groups of 35 Holstein bull calves were raised by multiple suckling (MS) or a milk replacer fed as such (MR) or acidified to pH 5.4 (MRA). MS calves consumed more milk and starter and gained faster (P < 0.05) than those on the other treatments. Performance of MRA calves tended (P > 0.05) to be better than MR calves except for feed efficiency. The three rations fed during the fattening phase consisted of corn (three parts) plus protein supplement (one part), or barley or oats (four parts) and supplement (one part). The effect of adding hay was tested in the corn-fed group and found not to be useful since calves fed corn without hay showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher gains and feed efficiencies. A digestibility trial indicated lower dry matter and energy digestibility coefficients by calves fed oats while starch was less well digested by the barley-fed calves (P < 0.05). Acid detergent fiber was poorly digested particularly by oat- and barley-fed calves. During fattening, corn-fed calves had higher average daily gains (ADG), were more efficient, consumed less grain and reached slaughter weights faster than barley- or oat-fed calves. Barley- and oat-fed calves consumed significantly less protein supplement, and barley-fed calves (but not oat-fed calves) produced similar carcass weights and dressing percentages to corn-fed calves. Oat-fed calves stayed longer on experiment, had lower ADG, were less efficient and produced lighter carcasses with lower dressing percentages and slightly inferior classifications. Key words: Veal calves, multiple suckling, cereal grains, digestibility

scholarly journals RESPONSE TO NONPROTEIN NITROGEN AND SULFUR SOURCES BY THE EARLY-WEANED CALF

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. WINTER
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Reverse Effect ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Nonprotein Nitrogen ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Bull Calves

Sixty Holstein bull calves were used in two experiments to evaluate two nonprotein nitrogen sources and several sulfur sources in calf starter rations. Experiment 1 compared urea and biuret, with and without sulfur (S), methionine hydroxy analog (MHA), and S plus MHA; experiment 2 compared the effect of elemental sulfur and sodium sulfate added to a urea-supplemented starter on calf response to these feeds. Performance of calves on the biuret-supplemented starters was significantly reduced as compared with urea-supplemented starters. The addition of sulfur or MHA to the NPN-supplemented starters did not affect animal performance significantly. However, sulfur did tend to improve performance of the urea-fed calves and had the reverse effect when biuret was fed, while MHA tended to depress performance when urea was fed. In the second experiment, the addition of either sulfur or sodium sulfate to the urea-supplemented started did not significantly improve animal performance, even when 40% of the total protein in the diets was supplied by nonprotein nitrogen sources. The urea-supplemented starter rations were found to have N:S ratios before sulfur supplementation of 11.4:1 (experiment 1) and 9.4:1 (experiment 2), which are close to the ratios considered optimum for ruminants.

291 Weaned Holstein Calves Fed an Experimental Botanical Extract Alone or in Combination with an Eubiotic Product

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 156-156
Author(s):  
David P Casper ◽  
Michael Officer ◽  
Keith Klanderman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Control Calf ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Botanical Extract

Abstract A botanical extract (BE; garlic oil, anise oil, cinnamaldehyde, rosemary, and thyme blend) has been shown to enhance dry matter intake (DMI) and gut health, while eubiotics (EU; lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation product), has been shown to improve gut health and growth performance of growing Holstein calves. The hypothesis was the combination BE and EU could be synergistic to post-weaning neonatal calf growth performance. Seventy-seven (77) Holstein bull calves from a previous milk replacer trial were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments using a 3 wk experimental period. Treatments were: 1) Control: Calf starter (CS) without BE or EU; 2) BE: CS with 275.6 g/ton of an experimental BE (Adisseo North America, Alpharetta, GA); 3) EU: CS with 0.22% EU (RumaCell DF 5G; Pacer Technology, Murtaugh, ID); and 4) BE&EU: CS with added BE and EU. The 22% crude protein CS was a mini-pellet and fed for ad-libitum consumption with amounts fed and orts recorded daily. Calves fed EU demonstrated greater (P &lt; 0.05) body weight (BW; 81.3, 80.8, 84.8, and 84.2 kg for Control, BE, EU, and BE&EU, respectively) compared with calves fed Control and BE with calves fed BE&EU being intermediate and similar (P &gt; 0.10). Calves fed BE demonstrated greater (P &lt; 0.05) average daily gains (ADG; 965.5, 984.3, 1052.8 and 989.1 g/d) compared with calves fed Control with calves fed BE and BE&EU being intermediate and similar (P &gt; 0.10). The DMI (2.19, 2.18, 2.31, and 2.14 kg/d) and feed conversions (0.45, 0.46, 0.45, and 0.45 kg BW gain/kg DMI) were similar (P &gt; 0.10) among calves fed all treatments. Blood urea nitrogen concentrations (14.7, 14.6, 14.9, and 13.4 mg/dL) were similar (P &gt; 0.10) among calves fed all treatments. Feeding a EU improved BW of weaned growing Holstein bull calves, but the BE and EU combination was not beneficial for enhancing growth performance.

scholarly journals Lysine and Methionine Supplementation for Dairy Calves Is More Accurate through the Liquid than the Solid Diet

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Jackeline Thais Silva ◽  
Evangelina Miqueo ◽  
Thaís Manzoni Torrezan ◽  
Nathalia Brito Rocha ◽  
Giovana Simão Slanzon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Intermediate Metabolism ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Solid Diet ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Methionine Supplementation ◽  
Daily Intakes

This study aimed to evaluate the performance and metabolic changes in dairy calves supplemented with lysine and methionine in milk replacer (MR) or starter concentrate (SC). Male Holstein calves (n = 45) were blocked and distributed in Control without supplementation (1) and; Lysine and Methionine supplementation to achieve an intake of 17 and 5.3 g/d in the SC (2) and to achieve of 17 and 5.3 g/d in the MR (3). MR was fed (6 L/d) until the 8th week of life when weaning occurred. Calves were followed until the 10th week of age. Feed intake was measured daily. Weight and body measurements were registered weekly. Blood samples were collected biweekly to evaluate the intermediate metabolism. The AA supplementation resulted in lower body weight at weaning and week 10. Calves fed SC Lys:Met had lower SC intake and lower total feed intake at weaning when compared to control. Calves fed control had higher heart girth, hip-width, and plasma glucose concentration. The supplementation with Lys and Met did not benefit dairy calves’ performance nor metabolism in this study. Supplementation through the MR was more efficient than SC to result in adequate daily intakes of AA. Further studies are needed to understand the negative effects of AA on calf starter intake.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document