RESPONSE OF MALE HOLSTEIN CALVES FROM SEVEN SIRES TO FOUR MANAGEMENT STRESSES AS MEASURED BY PLASMA CORTICOID LEVELS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. JOHNSTON ◽  
R. B. BUCKLAND
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Significant Response ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Transportation Stress

A total of 42 Holstein bull calves from 7 sires were used over three replicates, each lasting for 5 mo, to examine the adrenal cortex response, as measured by plasma corticoid level, to four environmental stresses. The four stresses examined were (1) transportation within the 1st wk of life, (2) water withdrawal for 48 h at 3 mo, (3) castration and dehorning at 4 mo, and (4) transportation at 5 mo of age. Blood samples were taken just prior to each stress (resting), immediately after (except 2), 24 h after (1, 2, 3 and 4) and 48 h after for 3 and 4. Additional resting samples were collected at 1 and 2 mo of age. The average resting plasma adrenal corticoid level was 4.11 ± 0.47 ng/ml, while the average peak plasma corticoid values for the four stresses were 21.77 ± 1.78 ng/ml, 9.61 ± 1.13 ng/ml, 10.11 ± 1.36 ng/ml, and 19.63 ± 2.10 ng/ml, respectively. The adrenal cortex response was significant in the case of both transportation stresses (P < 0.01) and for the castration and dehorning stress (P < 0.05). Forty-eight hours of water withdrawal did not elicit a significant response. Replicate had a significant effect on corticoid levels (P < 0.01), while sire had a significant effect only on the values associated with the second transportation stress (P < 0.01).

RESPONSE TO WEANING AT TWO TO FIVE WEEKS OF AGE BY THE YOUNG DAIRY CALF

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. WINTER
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Dairy Calf ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Holstein Calves

In two experiments Ayrshire and Holstein bull calves were weaned off whole milk onto dry feed at various ages, ranging from 14 to 35 days, to determine the earliest age at which calves may be weaned successfully. Ayrshire calves were weaned at 14, 21 and 35 days with no significant differences in weight gains or feed intake to 15 wk of age. Holstein calves were weaned off whole milk or fermented colostrum at 17, 21, 24, 28 and 35 days of age with no significant differences in weight gains and feed intake to 12 wk of age. Also, the feeding of either fresh whole milk or fermented colostrum did not sigificantly affect animal performance. Several calves weaned at less than 21 days, in each experiment, refused to eat dry feed. Post-weaning deaths of several calves weaned at 21 days were attributed to prolonged pre-weaning scours or illness at time of weaning. It was concluded that healthy male calves may be weaned successfully at 21 days of age but weaning should be delayed for calves afflicted with scours or other illness. Agressive eaters may be weaned as early as 14 days of age but some calves weaned at less than 21 days of age may encounter problems in adapting to dry feed.

The effects of zeranol on performance and carcass characteristics of young bulls

1986 ◽  
Vol 1986 ◽  
pp. 94-94
Author(s):  
B M Scott ◽  
A V Fisher ◽  
R A Cooper ◽  
J A Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Chemical Company ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Ad Libitum

Kirk and Cooper (1983) reported two experiments in which the growth performance and carcass conformation of intensively fed dairy-bred bulls was improved by sequential implantation with Zeranol®. Two further studies have been conducted in which there has been repeat implantation of Zeranol® and detailed carcass dissection to measure precisely the effects on carcass quality.In trial A, 16 Holstein bull calves were purchased from pedigree breeders and weaned at eight weeks of age, when they were divided into two groups of eight, balanced by weight. From 8 to 12 weeks they were given commercial rearing pellets followed by a. commercial pencil and hay was given ad libitum. From 12 weeks onwards a cereal mix was offered ad libitum, formulated to give 13 MJ/kg dry matter, 160 g/kg crude protein. Hay was withdrawn from 14 weeks of age. At eight weeks of age, half the animals were implanted with 36 mg Zeranol® (Ralgro, Crown Chemical Company, Kent), and re-implanted a further three times every 70 days. Five blood samples were taken from all animals over a 15h period at about 8, 14, 33 and 43 weeks of age.

HEAVY VEAL PRODUCTION WITH HOLSTEIN CALVES RAISED BY MULTIPLE SUCKLING OR MILK REPLACERS AND FATTENED WITH WHOLE CORN, BARLEY OR OATS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 643-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. LATRILLE ◽  
J. P. PARÉ ◽  
G. ST-LAURENT ◽  
C. POMAR
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Veal Calves ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Milk Replacers ◽  
Better Than

Three groups of 35 Holstein bull calves were raised by multiple suckling (MS) or a milk replacer fed as such (MR) or acidified to pH 5.4 (MRA). MS calves consumed more milk and starter and gained faster (P < 0.05) than those on the other treatments. Performance of MRA calves tended (P > 0.05) to be better than MR calves except for feed efficiency. The three rations fed during the fattening phase consisted of corn (three parts) plus protein supplement (one part), or barley or oats (four parts) and supplement (one part). The effect of adding hay was tested in the corn-fed group and found not to be useful since calves fed corn without hay showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher gains and feed efficiencies. A digestibility trial indicated lower dry matter and energy digestibility coefficients by calves fed oats while starch was less well digested by the barley-fed calves (P < 0.05). Acid detergent fiber was poorly digested particularly by oat- and barley-fed calves. During fattening, corn-fed calves had higher average daily gains (ADG), were more efficient, consumed less grain and reached slaughter weights faster than barley- or oat-fed calves. Barley- and oat-fed calves consumed significantly less protein supplement, and barley-fed calves (but not oat-fed calves) produced similar carcass weights and dressing percentages to corn-fed calves. Oat-fed calves stayed longer on experiment, had lower ADG, were less efficient and produced lighter carcasses with lower dressing percentages and slightly inferior classifications. Key words: Veal calves, multiple suckling, cereal grains, digestibility

291 Weaned Holstein Calves Fed an Experimental Botanical Extract Alone or in Combination with an Eubiotic Product

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 156-156
Author(s):  
David P Casper ◽  
Michael Officer ◽  
Keith Klanderman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Calf Growth ◽  
Control Calf ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Botanical Extract

Abstract A botanical extract (BE; garlic oil, anise oil, cinnamaldehyde, rosemary, and thyme blend) has been shown to enhance dry matter intake (DMI) and gut health, while eubiotics (EU; lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation product), has been shown to improve gut health and growth performance of growing Holstein calves. The hypothesis was the combination BE and EU could be synergistic to post-weaning neonatal calf growth performance. Seventy-seven (77) Holstein bull calves from a previous milk replacer trial were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments using a 3 wk experimental period. Treatments were: 1) Control: Calf starter (CS) without BE or EU; 2) BE: CS with 275.6 g/ton of an experimental BE (Adisseo North America, Alpharetta, GA); 3) EU: CS with 0.22% EU (RumaCell DF 5G; Pacer Technology, Murtaugh, ID); and 4) BE&EU: CS with added BE and EU. The 22% crude protein CS was a mini-pellet and fed for ad-libitum consumption with amounts fed and orts recorded daily. Calves fed EU demonstrated greater (P &lt; 0.05) body weight (BW; 81.3, 80.8, 84.8, and 84.2 kg for Control, BE, EU, and BE&EU, respectively) compared with calves fed Control and BE with calves fed BE&EU being intermediate and similar (P &gt; 0.10). Calves fed BE demonstrated greater (P &lt; 0.05) average daily gains (ADG; 965.5, 984.3, 1052.8 and 989.1 g/d) compared with calves fed Control with calves fed BE and BE&EU being intermediate and similar (P &gt; 0.10). The DMI (2.19, 2.18, 2.31, and 2.14 kg/d) and feed conversions (0.45, 0.46, 0.45, and 0.45 kg BW gain/kg DMI) were similar (P &gt; 0.10) among calves fed all treatments. Blood urea nitrogen concentrations (14.7, 14.6, 14.9, and 13.4 mg/dL) were similar (P &gt; 0.10) among calves fed all treatments. Feeding a EU improved BW of weaned growing Holstein bull calves, but the BE and EU combination was not beneficial for enhancing growth performance.

scholarly journals Effects of processing maize grains and soyabean on rumen fermentation and development of Holstein bull calves

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (Suppl. 2) ◽  
pp. 525-530
Author(s):  
Y. Zhang ◽  
X. Deng ◽  
Z. Zhou ◽  
L. Ren ◽  
Q. Meng
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Bull Calves

scholarly journals Age-related changes in the secretion of LH in vivo and in vitro in infantile and prepubertal Holstein bull calves

Reproduction ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. McAndrews ◽  
J. L. Peters ◽  
D. R. Deaver
Keyword(s):  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Age Related Changes

FISH SILAGE AS A PROTEIN SOURCE FOR EARLY WEANED CALVES

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. WINTER ◽  
A. HAMID JAVED
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Fish silage, preserved with 3.5% formic acid, was fed to Holstein bull calves weaned onto dry feed at 3 wk of age. Dietary treatments were: (1) soybean meal-supplemented calf starter, (2) a low protein grain mix combined with fish silage in a 2:1 ratio (wt/wt), and (3) the same grain mix combined with fish silage in a 4:3 ratio (wt/wt). Initial acceptance of the fish silage diets equalled that of the soybean meal diet. Over the 10-wk period, feed consumption, weight gains, and feed:gain ratio tended to be slightly poorer as the proportion of fish silage in the diet increased. Only during the final 6 wk of the trial were weight gains significantly reduced by calves on the fish silage diets. It was concluded that fish silage can be used as a protein source for young calves.

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