scholarly journals Lysine and Methionine Supplementation for Dairy Calves Is More Accurate through the Liquid than the Solid Diet

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Jackeline Thais Silva ◽  
Evangelina Miqueo ◽  
Thaís Manzoni Torrezan ◽  
Nathalia Brito Rocha ◽  
Giovana Simão Slanzon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Intermediate Metabolism ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Solid Diet ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Methionine Supplementation ◽  
Daily Intakes

This study aimed to evaluate the performance and metabolic changes in dairy calves supplemented with lysine and methionine in milk replacer (MR) or starter concentrate (SC). Male Holstein calves (n = 45) were blocked and distributed in Control without supplementation (1) and; Lysine and Methionine supplementation to achieve an intake of 17 and 5.3 g/d in the SC (2) and to achieve of 17 and 5.3 g/d in the MR (3). MR was fed (6 L/d) until the 8th week of life when weaning occurred. Calves were followed until the 10th week of age. Feed intake was measured daily. Weight and body measurements were registered weekly. Blood samples were collected biweekly to evaluate the intermediate metabolism. The AA supplementation resulted in lower body weight at weaning and week 10. Calves fed SC Lys:Met had lower SC intake and lower total feed intake at weaning when compared to control. Calves fed control had higher heart girth, hip-width, and plasma glucose concentration. The supplementation with Lys and Met did not benefit dairy calves’ performance nor metabolism in this study. Supplementation through the MR was more efficient than SC to result in adequate daily intakes of AA. Further studies are needed to understand the negative effects of AA on calf starter intake.

scholarly journals Supplementation of Lysine and Methionine in Milk Replacer or Starter Concentrate for Dairy Calves in Step-Up/Step-Down Feeding Program

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2854
Author(s):  
Jackeline Thais Silva ◽  
Evangelina Miqueo ◽  
Thaís Manzoni Torrezan ◽  
Nathalia Brito Rocha ◽  
Giovana Simão Slanzon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Methionine Supplementation ◽  
Step Down

This study aimed to evaluate the performance and metabolic changes in dairy calves fed in a step-up/step-down program and supplemented with lysine and methionine in a milk replacer (MR) or starter concentrate (SC). Male Holstein calves (n = 45) were blocked and distributed in the control without supplementation (1) and with lysine and methionine supplementation in the SC to achieve an intake of 17 and 5.3 g/d, respectively (2), and in the MR to achieve the same daily intake (3). MR was fed 4 L/d until the 2nd week, 8 L/d from the 3rd to 6th week, and 4 L/d from the 7th to 8th week, when calves were weaned. The calves were followed until the 10th week of age. Feed intake was measured daily. Weight and body measurements were registered weekly, and blood samples were collected biweekly. The lysine and methionine intake during the whole period was higher when supplementation occurred via MR. There was a supplementation effect for average daily gain after weaning, and the animals supplemented in the MR had lower BW than those that were not supplemented. Supplementation in MR decreased starter intake at the 10th week and total intake (g DM/d) after weaning. Supplementation with lysine and methionine in the MR or the SC did not benefit the performance or metabolism of dairy calves in the step-up/step-down program. Further studies are needed to understand the effects of amino acid supplementation on feed intake.

Performance and metabolism of dairy calves fed starter feed containing citrus pulp as a replacement for corn

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Oltramari ◽  
G. G. O. Nápoles ◽  
M. R. De Paula ◽  
J. T. Silva ◽  
M. P. C. Gallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Birth Date ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Citrus Pulp ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Faecal Score ◽  
Corn Grain

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of replacing corn grain with citrus pulp (CSP) in the starter concentrate on performance and metabolism of dairy calves. Twenty-four individually housed Holstein calves were blocked according to birth date and weight and fed one of the following concentrates: (1) concentrate containing 64% corn and 0% CSP (0CSP); (2) concentrate containing 32% corn and 32% CSP (32CSP); and (3) concentrate containing 0% corn and 64% CSP (64CSP). Animals were fed 4 L of milk replacer daily (20% crude protein, 16% ether extract) divided in two meals (at 0700 hours and 1800 hours). The starter feed and water were provided ad libitum. Starter intake and faecal score were monitored daily. Bodyweight and measurements (withers height, hip width and heart girth) were recorded weekly. Blood samples were collected weekly, and ruminal fluid samples at 4, 6 and 8 weeks of age, 2 h after the morning feeding. After 8 weeks, animals were harvested to evaluate the development of the proximal digestive tract. Concentrate composition had no effect (P > 0.05) on concentrate intake, weight gain, bodyweight, body measurements, and faecal score. However, there was a lower concentration of ruminal butyrate (P < 0.05) in animals receiving 0CSP than in those fed the starter containing CSP. The 0CSP concentrate resulted in a lower (P < 0.05) total weight of the proximal digestive tract, weight of the reticulum–rumen and weight of the omasum than did the other concentrates. The length of the rumen papillae was the greatest (P < 0.05) in 32CSP-fed animals. However, papillae area in animals fed 32CSP concentrate was larger (P < 0.05) than that in 0CSP- and 64CSP-fed animals, with no difference observed between these latter two treatments. However, 0CSP-fed animals showed a higher proportion of abomasum than did the animals fed 32CSP and 64CSP concentrates. The replacement of 50% or 100% of corn by CSP in the starter feed of dairy calves did not affect performance and probably contributed to the better development of the proximal digestive tract.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Rearing during the Milk-Feeding Period on Growth of Dairy Calves

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 346
Author(s):  
Jan Broucek ◽  
Michal Uhrincat ◽  
Peter Kisac ◽  
Anton Hanus
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Comparable Amount ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Milk Feeding

The objective was to determine the impact of calves’ rearing, gender, and the sire lineage on the growth and health. One hundred-and-five Holstein calves were assigned to one of three treatments: single suckling (SS), multiple suckling (MS), and artificially rearing in hutches (H). All calves received a comparable amount of milk/milk replacer (MR) across treatments. All calves were weaned at the 84th day. After weaning, all calves were separated by sex in age-balanced groups. At weaning, the highest body weight was in MS and the lowest in H (SS 94.97 kg, MS 109.85 kg, H 80.80 kg, p < 0.001). The average gains from the birth to weaning were 0.67 kg (SS), 0.81 kg (MS), 0.48 kg (H), (p < 0.001). A difference (p < 0.01) was found for the period from birth to 180th day of life (SS 0.75 kg, MS 0.82 kg, H 0.67 kg). We did not notice a gender differences (p > 0.05). The Sire 1 progeny showed a lower body weight at 180 days (p < 0.01) and 360 days (p < 0.05). The results indicate that the method used to rear calves and sire lines had a significant impact on their later performance.

scholarly journals PSIX-6 Gastrointestinal microbiome of calves fed solid diets containing different levels and sources of NDF

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 418-419
Author(s):  
Gercino F Virgínio Júnior ◽  
Milaine Poczynek ◽  
Ana Paula Silva ◽  
Ariany Toledo ◽  
Amanda Cezar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiome ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Miseq Platform ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Different levels and sources of NDF can modify the gastrointestinal microbiome. This study evaluated 18 Holstein calves housed in not-bedded suspended individual cages and fed one of three treatments: 22NDF - conventional starter containing 22% NDF (n = 7); 31NDF - starter with 31% NDF, replacing part of the corn by soybean hull (n = 6); and 22NDF+H - conventional starter with 22% NDF plus coast-cross hay ad libitum (n = 5). All animals received 4 L of milk replacer daily (24% CP; 18.5% fat; diluted to 12.5% solids), divided into two meals, being weaned at 8th week of age. After weaning, animals were housed in tropical shelters, fed with the respective solid diet and coast-cross hay ad libitum for all treatments. To evaluate the microbiome, ruminal fluid samples were collected using a modified Geishauser oral probe at weeks 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10, two hours after the morning feeding, and fecal samples were collected at birth (0) and at weeks 1, 2, 4, 8 and 10. The microbial community was determined by sequencing V3 and V4 region amplicons of the 16S rRNA gene that was amplified by PCR and sequenced by the Illumina MiSeq platform. Ruminal microbiome had no differences in diversity for the effects of weeks, treatments or interaction of both factors (Table 1). In feces, the diversity indices and evenness were higher for 22NDF+H when compared to 22NDF, with no difference for 31NDF. All indices were significantly affected by calves age. At birth, calves had the greatest diversity and richness. Week 1 and 2 had less evenness and diversity. Bacteroidota, Firmicutes_A and Firmicutes_C were the most abundant phylum in rumen and feces. The supply of hay was only effective in modifying the fecal microbiome of dairy calves, suggesting a resilience in the ruminal microbiome.

PSIII-11 Evaluating the Performance of Grow-finish Pigs Supplemented with Butipearl® Z and Kemtrace® Chromium During Natural Heat Stress Exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 174-174
Author(s):  
Mark Knauer ◽  
Venkatesh Mani ◽  
Tom Marsteller ◽  
Vanessa Iseri ◽  
Brian Kremer
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Intestinal Damage ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Curvilinear Relationships ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Heat stress (HS) severely impacts swine leading to compromised barrier integrity, diminished intestinal health and decreased performance. ButiPEARL® Z (BPZ) is an encapsulated formulation of zinc and butyrate shown to alleviate the impact of HS by improving intestinal health. KemTRACE® Chromium (KTCr) is an organic trace mineral shown to decrease the impact of stress and improve glucose utilization, leading to muscle growth and improved performance. To test the efficacy of BPZ and KTCr on mitigating stress from natural heat exposure, a grow-finish trial was conducted from June-September. There were four treatments: negative control (NC), NC+.45kg BPZ, NC+.91kg BPZ and NC+1.82kg BPZ. Three BPZ treatments were also supplemented with 200ppb KTCr. Pigs (n=480) were randomly assigned to 96 pens at 22.5kg. Performance was measured at d0, 28, 56 and at marketing. From d56 to market, ADFI was greater (P&lt; 0.05) for 0.45kg and 0.91kg BPZ when compared to NC and 1.82kg BPZ (3.40 and 3.35 vs. 3.26 and 3.27kg, respectively). Therefore, relationships between ADFI day 56 to market and ADFI day 0 to market with BPZ level were curvilinear (P&lt; 0.05). Both market weight and overall ADG tended (P&lt; 0.10) to have curvilinear relationships with BPZ level. While not different, 0.45kg and .91kg BPZ supplemented pigs were .97kg and 1.25kg heavier, respectively, on marketing day compared to control. No differences (P &gt;0.10) were observed for Feed:Gain. Part of the negative effects of HS include decrease in feed intake which contributes to intestinal damage and decreased performance. Data from this study show that both treatment combinations were able to improve feed intake and decrease stress which might have led to the improved weight gain at the end. The data provides evidence that the combination of BPZ and KTCr may alleviate the negative effects of HS and help with the performance of grow-finish pigs during heat stress.

Use of monensin to restrict feed intake in sheep destined for live export

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 647
Author(s):  
RT Norris ◽  
CL McDonald ◽  
JB Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Relationship Maintenance ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Live Export

The accuracy with which monensin could control feed intake was studied in 200 3-4-year-old Merino wethers by measuring their intake of pelleted diets containing 5 levels of monensin: 0, 33, 66, 132 or 264 mg/kg of feed. The feed was offered ad libitum for 25 days except for the highest level of monensin where treatment was ended after 12 days.Mean daily intakes (g/sheep) of diets containing monensin at 0, 33, 66, 132 or 264 mg/kg feed were 1304, 959, 793, 403 and 137 respectively. Mean daily feed intake (Y, g) was negatively and linearly related to concentration of monensin (X, mg/kg feed) Y = 1244 - 6.57X (r2=0.98; P<0.05) Similarly there was a close negative relationship between the concentration of monensin (X, mg/kg feed) and daily liveweight change (Z, g/sheep) during the trial Z = 217 - 2.61X (r2=0.99; P< 0.01) From this relationship, maintenance of liveweight would have been achieved with a diet containing monensin at about 80 mg/kg feed. Signs of toxicity including deaths occurred in sheep receiving diets containing monensin at 66, 132 and 264 mg/kg feed. It was concluded that monensin could be used to restrict feed intake but further research is necessary to determine safe levels.

scholarly journals Supplementation of Holstein dairy calves fed two levels of crude protein with methionine and lysine

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-451
Author(s):  
M. Niroumand ◽  
K. Rezayazdi ◽  
M. Ganjkhanlou
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Amino Acid Balance ◽  
Immunoglobin G ◽  
Daily Gain

This study aimed to investigate various levels of crude protein (CP) in starter diets and their supplementation with amino acids (AAs) on efficiency, health, and serum metabolites of dairy calves. Ninety-six newborn Holstein calves were allocated to eight treatments, namely T1) 18% CP unsupplemented starter, T2) T1 supplemented with additional 20% methionine, T3) T1 with additional 20% lysine and 20% methionine, T4) T1 with additional 20% lysine, T5) 22% CP unsupplemented starter, T6) T5 supplemented with additional 20% methionine, T7) T5 supplemented with additional 20% lysine and 20% methionine, and T8) T5 supplemented with additional 20% lysine. Consumption of the starter was not influenced by the level of CP. Calves that received the unsupplemented 22% CP starter had higher average daily gain (ADG) and final weight. But no significant differences among diets were found in feed efficiency. Skeletal growth did not exhibit a clear trend. Calves that received T3 had fewer bouts of diarrhea and reduced body temperature. However, there were no significant dietary effects on immunoglobin G (IgG) or total protein concentration in blood. T1–T3 decreased serum urea concentration. Thus, use of T3 resulted in an improved amino acid balance, and was less expensive than the 22% CP starter.Keywords: amino acid, feed intake, immunity, pre-ruminant calf

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Feeding Times of Microencapsulated Sodium Butyrate in Whole Milk and Starter Feed on Growth and Health of Holstein Dairy Calves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mahdi Eskandary ◽  
Mehdi Hossein Yazdi ◽  
Ehsan Mahjoubi ◽  
Mehdi Kazemi-Bonchenari
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Butyrate ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Fecal Score

Abstract This study aimed to determine the optimal feeding time of microencapsulated sodium butyrate (SB) in whole milk (WM) and starter feed on growth performance and health in dairy calves. Forty-eight Holstein calves (age = 4 d; body weight [BW] = 39.45 ± 2.48 kg) were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatment groups (12 calves per treatment) in a completely randomized block design and fed (1) WM without microencapsulated SB (SB0) supplementation; (2) 4 g/d SB added to WM since d 4 to 32 (SB4); (3) 4 g/d SB added to WM since d 61 to 74 and equal amount was added to starter since d 75 to 88 (SB60); and (4) 4 g/d SB added to WM (since d 4 to 74) and the starter (since d 74 to 88) throughout the experiment (SBT). Calves fed SB4 and SBT had lower fecal score during pre-weaning, transition period, and overall period (P = 0.043, P = 0.05, and P = 0.015; respectively). In addition, calves in SB4 and SBT groups decreased the number of days with scours during pre-weaning period, and throughout study (P = 0.035 and P = 0.025; respectively). SB60 calves had greater serum total protein (P < 0.001) during post-weaning period. Post-weaning and overall albumin concentrations were greater in SB4 and SBT calves (P = 0.011), and tended to increase in pre-weaning period compared to control calves (P = 0.06). Based on these results, addition of SB in WM is recommendable for the first month of milk-fed calves life.

EFFECT OF CONTINUOUS FEEDING OF RAPESEED MEAL ON GROWTH OF DAIRY CALVES AND SUBSEQUENT FIRST LACTATION YIELD

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. INGALLS ◽  
M. E. SEALE
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Continuous Feeding

Thirty dairy heifer calves were reared from birth to calving on rations containing 0, 6.8 or 13.7% rapeseed meal in substitution for soybean meal. The level of rapeseed meal did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect feed intake, weight gain or feed efficiency of heifers up to breeding weight (330–340 kg). The level of rapeseed meal did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect reproduction or milk production during the first lactation. However, there may have been a trend for lower conception rate and milk fat production during first lactation with the higher level of rapeseed meal.

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