scholarly journals EFFECTS OF FROST DAMAGE ON PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND TRUE METABOLIZABLE ENERGY OF WHEAT

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. SALMON ◽  
J. B. O’NEIL
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Bulk Weight ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Dietary Energy Density ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The relationships between the physical, chemical and nutritional characteristics of a series of samples of frost-damaged wheat have been studied. The five cleaned samples ranged in bulk weight from 83.7 to 57.9 kg/hi (65 to 45 lb/bu). As bulk weight decreased, 1,000-kernel weight and available carbohydrate were found to decrease and crude fibre to increase. Available carbohydrate and crude fibre, but not bulk weight, were highly correlated with true metabolizable energy (TME), which ranged from 3.91 to 3.22 kcal/g. Equations were derived for prediction of TME from available carbohydrate or crude fibre. Body weight gain and efficiency of feed conversion decreased with increasing frost damage when the wheat was fed to growing turkeys at 50% of the diet. The restoration of dietary energy density, using animal fat, reversed these effects.

scholarly journals SUBSTITUTION VALUE OF A MIXTURE OF RICE MILLING BY-PRODUCTS FOR MAIZE IN DIETS OF WEANER RABBITS

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-146
Author(s):  
B. O. Esonu
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Substitution Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rice Milling ◽  
By Products

A 12 – week feeding trial involving 64 weaner rabbits in a completely randomized design was carried out to determine the substitution value of a mixture of rice milling by-products (in the ration of 1: 1: 2 respectively for straw, busk, hull, and bran) for maize in the diets of New Zealand white type weaner rabbits at four substitution levels: 0%, 50%, 75% and 100%. Rabbit on the experimental diets recorded higher feed intake of 68.83, 68.11, and 66.97gm respectively for 50%, 75% and 100% as against 52.71gm for 0%. The difference in feed intake between the group on 0% and the group on experimental diets became significant (P < 0.05) at 50% dietary substitution level, but there was no significant (P > 0.05) difference among the group on the experimental diets. Rabbits on 50% substitution level recorded the highest feed intake (68.83gm) while the group on 100% recorded the highest feed conversion ration (15.72). Body weight gain of the groups showed significant difference (P < 0.05). The mixture of rice milling by-products used for this study contained 9.10% crude protein, 30.4% crude fibre, 0.29% calcium, 0.19% phosphorus and 2.01 kcal/kg metabolizable energy levels. The result of this trial suggest that a mixture of rice milling by-products could substitute maize in weaner rabbits diets up to 50% with good result.

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN METABOLIZABLE ENERGY VALUES FOR POULTRY AND SOME PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA DESCRIBING CANADIAN WHEATS, OATS AND BARLEYS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. SIBBALD ◽  
K. PRICE
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Thirty-five samples of wheat, 28 samples of oats and 40 samples of barley were assayed for metabolizable energy, dry matter, bulk weight, 1,000-kernel weight, gross energy, nitrogen, ether extract, crude fibre, soluble sugars, starch, ash, calcium, total phosphorus and phytin phosphorus. The resulting data were used to test a series of indirect assays for metabolizable energy and to develop new prediction equations based on the same and different combinations of variables. Regression equations fitted to the sample data did not perform significantly better than the prediction equations found in the literature. Over the limited range of variation represented in the samples, no linear trends were found that contradicted the parameters of the prediction equations. However, certain of the prediction equations were found to be more successful than others.

scholarly journals Relationships between physical and chemical characteristics and calculated metabolizable energy values in barley and oats with highly variable volume weights

1978 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-284
Author(s):  
Maija-Liisa Salo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Variable Volume ◽  
Physical And Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Physical And Chemical

61 samples of barley with a volume weight of 38—75 kg/hl, and 49 oat samples with a volume weight of 40—65kg/hl were analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics. The approximate metabolizable energy (ME) value was calculated from the composition. The physical characteristics varied more, but the starch content less, in barley than in oats. There was also a negative correlation between starch and crude protein, and ether extract level in barley, but not in oats. Therefore the difference between the ME values of the best and the poorest samples was only 12% for barley, but 27 % for oats. Both the starch and the crude protein content predicted the ME value well: R2 of starch was 78—94 %, and that of crude fibre 55—84 %. The volume weight still gave a good indication for barley, but not at all for oats.

scholarly journals Performance, Haematology and Serum Chemistry of Weaner Rabbits Fed Urea-Treated and Fermented Brewer’s Dried Grains Groundnut Cake-Based Diets

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Ogagaoghene Isikwenu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
Serum Chemistry ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Groundnut Cake

Abstract The effects of replacing groundnut cake (GNC) with urea-treated and fermented brewer’s dried grains in weaner rabbits diets on the performance, haematology and serum chemistry was investigated. Urea-treated and fermented brewer’s dried grains were used to replace GNC at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% levels in weaner rabbits´ diets. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric to provide 18% crude protein and 11.00 MJ/kg metabolizable energy. Weaner rabbits of mixed breeds and sexes, aged 8 weeks, were randomly allocated to five treatment groups on equal weight and sex basis. They consisted of two rabbits per replicate and six rabbits per treatment. They were fed ad libitum in hutches for ten weeks. Significant (P < 0.05) differences were observed in final body weight, daily body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, white blood cell count (WBC), glucose and sodium content for all treatment groups. Results indicate that urea-treated and fermented brewers dried grains can be used to replace up to 75% GNC (18.00% of the diet) as an alternative plant protein source. Mortality level (3 - 7%) was normal and evenly spread across treatment groups.

scholarly journals Effects of L-carnitine supplementation of diets differing in energy levels on performance, abdominal fat content, and yield and composition of edible meat of broilers

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud H. Rabie ◽  
Mihály Szilágyi
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Carnitine Supplementation ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Different Levels

Responses to supplemental dietaryl-carnitine of broilers fed on diets with different levels of metabolizable energy (ME) were investigated using growth performance and some carcass measurements. Three isonitrogenous diets containing 13.5, 12.8 or 12.2 MJ ME/kg were formulated, with or without supplementall-carnitine (50mg/kg) and fedad libitumfrom 18 to 53 d of age. Supplementall-carnitine increased body-weight gain (BWG) and improved feed conversion (FC) during the first 2 weeks of study. FC was also improved during the fourth week of the experiment. Weights of breast yield and thigh meat yield were significantly increased, whereas quantity and percentage of abdominal fat were reduced by supplementall-carnitine. A significant interaction between supplemental dietaryl-carnitine and dietary energy level was noted for BWG and FC during the second week of study.

scholarly journals Performance Characteristics and Nutrient Utilization by Meat Type Chicken Fed Fusarium oxysporum Degraded Brewer Dried Grain

2020 ◽  
pp. 198-204
Author(s):  
T. E. Lawal ◽  
F. A. Aderemi ◽  
O. M. Alabi ◽  
O. A. Oguntunji ◽  
M. O. Ayoola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Crude Fibre

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Fusarium oxysporum degraded Brewer dried grain (BDG) on the performance and nutrient utilization ofbroiler chicken at starter and finisher phases. Undegraded and degraded (BDG) werewas used to compound rations for broiler birds for 8 weeks. The undegraded BDG was used at 7% inclusion level and the degraded BDG was used at 3, 5, and 7%. A total of 150 day old chicks were randomly selected and allocated for 5 treatments. Thirty 30 birds were allocated to each treatment with three replicates each. Fusarium oxysporum was inoculated into BDG through Solid State Fermentation for a period of 7 days. This was used as degraded sample. There was improvement in the crude protein, ash, and gross energy after biodegradation. Biodegradation led to reduction in crude fibre, cellulose, hemicellulose, and detergent fibre content. At  starter phase, there were significant (P<0.05) (P=0.05) differences in feed consumption and body weight gain and the highest feed consumption (FC) and body weight gain  (BWG) were found in treatment 5, which contained 7% degraded BDG (DBDG) and the FC and BWG they were 88.93 and 41.07g/bird/day, respectively. At the finisher phase, there were significant (P=0.05) differences in both the average feed intake and the average body weight gain by the birds. The highest feed intake was found in treatment 5 (140 g/b/d) and the highest body weight gain was also observed in treatment 5 (78.21g/b/d). Significant differences (P=0.05) were also observed for the feed conversion ratio at the finisher phase. The best value (1.64) was recorded at the control treatment and this was followed by the value recorded for treatment 5 (1.79). The relative cost benefits revealed that it is profitable to feed broilers with F. oxysporum degraded BDG. The results showed that F. oxysporum was able to enhance the feeding value of BDG and this impacted positively on the feed consumption and body weight gain by the birds.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIPS OF VARIOUS PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERS TO DIGESTIBLE ENERGY IN WHEAT AND BARLEY CULTIVARS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. BHATTY ◽  
G. I. CHRISTISON ◽  
F. W. SOSULSKI ◽  
B. L. HARVEY ◽  
G. R. HUGHES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Bulk Weight ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Chemical Characters ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Seventeen cultivars of hard and soft spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and 29 cultivars of two-row and six-row barley (Hordeum distichum and H. vulgare) were examined for bulk weight (BW), 1,000-kernel weight (KW) and plumpness, and analyzed for gross composition, amylose, gross energy (GE), β-glucan (barley only), and for sedimentation (wheat only). Digestion coefficients and digestible energy (DE) values of the cultivars were determined by mouse-feeding. The ranges in protein, starch, amylose, and GE varied from 5 to 15%, whereas ether extract, fiber, ash and β-glucan contents varied from 1 to 3%. Except for sedimentation in wheat, and plumpness in barley there were no major differences in physical or chemical characters between hard and soft wheats or between two- and six-row barley. In wheat, DE was significantly correlated with BW (−0.59, P < 0.05), KW (−0.53, P < 0.05), plumpness (−0.55, P < 0.05), fiber (+0.72, P < 0.01), ash (−0.52, P < 0.05), sedimentation (−0.57, P < 0.05) and GE (+0.97, P < 0.01). Digestion coefficient was significantly correlated with protein (−0.58, P < 0.05), ash (−0.56, P < 0.05), and sedimentation (−0.57, P < 0.05). In barley, DE was significantly correlated with protein (+0.41, P < 0.05) and GE (+0.82, P < 0.01), and digestion coefficient was significantly correlated with BW (+0.55, P < 0.01), plumpness (+0.45, P < 0.05), ether extract (+0.50, P < 0.01), and fiber (−0.52, P < 0.01). For use as selection criteria the most significant correlations were between DE and GE and sedimentation in wheat, and between DE and GE in barley.

TRUE METABOLIZABLE ENERGY VALUES FOR POULTRY OF CANADIAN BARLEYS MEASURED BY BIOASSAY AND PREDICTED FROM PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. SIBBALD ◽  
K. PRICE
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Physical And Chemical Parameters ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Canadian barleys, having bulk densities ranging from 40.0 to 70.2 kg/hl, were assayed for true metabolizable energy (TME), gross energy, ether extract, crude fibre, protein, ash, calcium, phosphorus, starch and sugar. Regression analysis showed that from 76 to 84% of the variation in TME values was accounted for by published techniques for predicting metabolizable energy values from chemical composition data. The TME value of barley was correlated with bulk density (r = 0.912 at 29 df) and crude fibre (−0.904 at 30 df). There were also highly significant (P < 0.01) correlations between TME and starch (0.833), starch + sugar (0.838) and ash (−0.758). Earlier studies have not found close relationships between metabolizable energy and the aforementioned physical and chemical parameters. The probable explanation is that TME values are not affected by variations in feed intake associated with differences in palatability whereas the earlier energy measures were subject to this form of variation.

scholarly journals Effects of replacing groundnut cake with Gmelina arborea leaf meal in the diets of growing rabbits

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
A. A. Adeniji
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Groundnut Cake ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Significant Difference

Seventy-two (72) grower rabbit were used to assess the replacement of groundnut cake with Gmelina arborea leaf meal in the diets of grower rabbits and determining its effect on growth; nitrogen digestibility and the economics of rabbit production. There were six (6) dietary treatments with Gmelina arborea leaf meal replacing groundnut cake at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%. Each treatment was replicated three (3) times with four (4) rabbits per replicate in a completely randomize blocked design (CRBD). Proximate analysis of Gmelina arborea leaves on air-cured basis showed that the leaves contained Dry Matter of 92.8, Crude Protein of 12.2, Crude Fibre of 24.88, Ether Extract of 2.18, Ash of 10.5 and Nitrogen Free Extract of 49.3%; with a Metabolizable Energy of 480Kcal/g. Results showed that the final body weight, body weight gain and feed to gain ratio showed no significant difference (P>0.05) between the treatments. The feed intake and cost of feed showed significant effect (P<0.05) between the treatments. The cost of feed decreased as more Gmelina arborea leaf meal replaced groundnut cake in the diets. Profit, gross profitability and feed cost efficiency increased as more Gmelina arborea leaf meal replaced groundnut cake in the diets. The study revealed that Gmelina arborea leaf meal can be used to replace 60% of groundnut cake in the diets of grower rabbits.

Maxigrain® supplemented corn cob meal (CCM) utilization by Arbor acre chicks: performance and carcass characteristics at 0-4 weeks

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
H. I. Ajayi ◽  
B. J. Ajao
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Performance Indices ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Enzyme Cocktail ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

In an experiment to investigate the effect of feeding corn cob meal (CCM) supplemented with Maxigrain®, one hundred and forty-four day-old Arbor acre chicks were fed 6 treatment diets for 28 days, and growth performance indices were assessed. There were 8 bird randomly allotted to each replicate and 3 replicates per treatment diet, in a 3×2 factorial completely randomized experimental design. The levels of CCM inclusion were 0, 25 and 50% and 2 levels of enzyme supplementation, 0g/kg and 0.1g/kg diet. Diet 1, 2 and 3 wer without enzyme while diets 4, 5 and 6 were supplemented with the enzyme cocktail,Maxigrain®. Feed and clean water were administered ad libitum, feed intake (FI) and body weight gain (BWG) were assessed for the experimental period. Analyzed composition of diets had a dry matter range of 90.65 - 92.15%; metabolizable energy, 2849.42 to 2952.46 kcal/kg; crude protein 17.2 - 18.55%; a crude fibre range of 5.1 – 5.35% and ether extract of between 5.35 – 7.2%. Part replacement of maize with CCM significantly decreased FI from 1.01kg/replicate/day to 0.83 kg /replicate/day and also decreased dressed percent from 74.91  71.77% significantly (p<0.05). Birds fed 25% CCM supplemented with Maxigrai performed comparably to birds fed the control diets, 25% CCM with Maxigrain is therefore recommended.

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