RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN METABOLIZABLE ENERGY VALUES FOR POULTRY AND SOME PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA DESCRIBING CANADIAN WHEATS, OATS AND BARLEYS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. SIBBALD ◽  
K. PRICE
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Thirty-five samples of wheat, 28 samples of oats and 40 samples of barley were assayed for metabolizable energy, dry matter, bulk weight, 1,000-kernel weight, gross energy, nitrogen, ether extract, crude fibre, soluble sugars, starch, ash, calcium, total phosphorus and phytin phosphorus. The resulting data were used to test a series of indirect assays for metabolizable energy and to develop new prediction equations based on the same and different combinations of variables. Regression equations fitted to the sample data did not perform significantly better than the prediction equations found in the literature. Over the limited range of variation represented in the samples, no linear trends were found that contradicted the parameters of the prediction equations. However, certain of the prediction equations were found to be more successful than others.

TRUE METABOLIZABLE ENERGY VALUES FOR POULTRY OF CANADIAN BARLEYS MEASURED BY BIOASSAY AND PREDICTED FROM PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. SIBBALD ◽  
K. PRICE
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Physical And Chemical Parameters ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Canadian barleys, having bulk densities ranging from 40.0 to 70.2 kg/hl, were assayed for true metabolizable energy (TME), gross energy, ether extract, crude fibre, protein, ash, calcium, phosphorus, starch and sugar. Regression analysis showed that from 76 to 84% of the variation in TME values was accounted for by published techniques for predicting metabolizable energy values from chemical composition data. The TME value of barley was correlated with bulk density (r = 0.912 at 29 df) and crude fibre (−0.904 at 30 df). There were also highly significant (P < 0.01) correlations between TME and starch (0.833), starch + sugar (0.838) and ash (−0.758). Earlier studies have not found close relationships between metabolizable energy and the aforementioned physical and chemical parameters. The probable explanation is that TME values are not affected by variations in feed intake associated with differences in palatability whereas the earlier energy measures were subject to this form of variation.

The digestible and metabolizable energy value of copra meals and their prediction from chemical composition

1989 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Thorne ◽  
J. Wiseman ◽  
D. J. A Cole ◽  
D. H. Machin
Keyword(s):  
Basal Diet ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Chemical Measurements ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Single Chemical ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Image Position

ABSTRACTDigestible (DE) and metabolizable (ME) energy values for five copra meals and a sample of raw copra, with oil contents ranging from 4 to 662 g/kg, were determined with both a high and a low energy basal diet in a metabolism experiment using 16 female pigs. Determined DE values ranged from 12·68 to 29·92 MJ/kg dry matter (DM) and values for ME from 11·95 to 29·08 MJ/kg DM which was a reflexion of their residual oil contents. Regression equations for the six samples were derived with DE and ME as dependent variables and chemical measurements and gross energy as independent variables. The best equation based on a single chemical parameter (ether extract (EE)) was:Improvements associated with including more than one independent variable in the regression analysis were marginal. The most accurate equation (in terms of minimized residual s.d.) based on EE and crude fibre (CF) was:

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF FROST DAMAGE ON PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND TRUE METABOLIZABLE ENERGY OF WHEAT

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. SALMON ◽  
J. B. O’NEIL
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Bulk Weight ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Dietary Energy Density ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The relationships between the physical, chemical and nutritional characteristics of a series of samples of frost-damaged wheat have been studied. The five cleaned samples ranged in bulk weight from 83.7 to 57.9 kg/hi (65 to 45 lb/bu). As bulk weight decreased, 1,000-kernel weight and available carbohydrate were found to decrease and crude fibre to increase. Available carbohydrate and crude fibre, but not bulk weight, were highly correlated with true metabolizable energy (TME), which ranged from 3.91 to 3.22 kcal/g. Equations were derived for prediction of TME from available carbohydrate or crude fibre. Body weight gain and efficiency of feed conversion decreased with increasing frost damage when the wheat was fed to growing turkeys at 50% of the diet. The restoration of dietary energy density, using animal fat, reversed these effects.

The estimation of the nutritive value of feeds as energy sources for ruminants and the derivation of feeding systems

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Blaxter ◽  
A. W. Boyne
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mitscherlich Equation ◽  
Energy Retention ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Biological Concepts ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Feeding Systems

SUMMARYThe results of 80 calorimetric experiments with sheep and cattle, mostly conducted in Scotland, were analysed using a generalization of the Mitscherlich equation R = B(l–exp(–pG))–l, where R is daily energy retention and G daily gross energy intake, both scaled by dividing by the fasting metabolism. The relations between gross energy and metabolizable energy were also examined. Methods of fitting the Mitscherlich equation and the errors associated with it are presented.It is shown that the gross energy of the organic matter of feed can be estimated from proximate principles with an error of ±2·3% (coefficient of variation) and that provided different classes of feed are distinguished, the metabolizable energy of organic matter can be estimated from gross energy and crude fibre content with an error of ±6·9%. Parameters of the primary equation made with cattle agreed with those made with sheep and there was no evidence of non-proportionality of responses on substitution of feeds in mixtures.The efficiency of utilization of gross energy for maintenance and for body gain of energy was related to the metabolizability of gross energy and, in addition, to fibre or to protein content. Prediction equations are presented which describe these relationships.It is shown that the primary equation can be manipulated to express a number of biological concepts and that its two parameters B and p can be simply derived from estimates of the two efficiency terms for maintenance and production.The results are discussed in relation to the design of feeding systems for ruminant animals and to the derivation of optima in their feeding.

Rice bran as a supplement to elephant grass for cattle and buffalo in Indonesia: 2. Carcass development, energy accretion and its effect on feed efficiency: 2. Carcass development, energy accretion and its effect on feed efficiency

1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-722
Author(s):  
J. B. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Gross Energy

SUMMARYIndonesian Ongole and swamp buffalo bulls that had previously been given 0, 1·2, 2·4, 3·6 or 4·8 kg/head/day rice bran plus ad libitum elephant grass were slaughtered after 161 days feeding. Abdominal depot fat, full and empty reticulo-rumen and cold carcass weights were recorded. Various carcass variables were measured and the 9–10–11 rib joints were dissected into bone, muscle and fat. Carcass gross energy was calculated from rib-fat content using previously determined regression equations. Feed efficiency was expressed in terms of the ratios of live-weight gain or carcass-energy accretion to metabolizable energy available for growth.Increasing supplementation with rice bran resulted in larger abdominal fat depots, higher dressing percentages, increased carcass fatness (and hence carcass gross energy) and improved rib muscle to bone ratios. Carcass conformation was unaffected by dietary treatment. When feed efficiency was expressed per unit live-weight gain, there was a decrease with increasing rice-bran feeding. Feed efficiency, expressed per unit of carcass energy accretion, improved with rice-bran supplementation and was generally higher in buffalo than in Ongole bulls. Dietary and species differences in feed efficiency could be primarily explained by the differential energy cost of deposition of, and the availability of energy from, carcass protein and lipid.

scholarly journals Relationships between physical and chemical characteristics and calculated metabolizable energy values in barley and oats with highly variable volume weights

1978 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-284
Author(s):  
Maija-Liisa Salo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Variable Volume ◽  
Physical And Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Volume Weight ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Physical And Chemical

61 samples of barley with a volume weight of 38—75 kg/hl, and 49 oat samples with a volume weight of 40—65kg/hl were analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics. The approximate metabolizable energy (ME) value was calculated from the composition. The physical characteristics varied more, but the starch content less, in barley than in oats. There was also a negative correlation between starch and crude protein, and ether extract level in barley, but not in oats. Therefore the difference between the ME values of the best and the poorest samples was only 12% for barley, but 27 % for oats. Both the starch and the crude protein content predicted the ME value well: R2 of starch was 78—94 %, and that of crude fibre 55—84 %. The volume weight still gave a good indication for barley, but not at all for oats.

Digestible energy content of cereals and wheat by-products for growing pigs

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S Batterham ◽  
C. E. Lewis ◽  
R. F. Lowe ◽  
C. J. McMillan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
By Products ◽  
Proximate Analyses

ABSTRACT1. The digestible energy content of eight samples of barley, sorghum, wheat, weather-damaged wheat and wheat by-products produced from different regions of eastern Australia was determined using growing pigs. The relationships between physical and chemical composition and digestible energy content of the meals were studied.2. The mean and range in digestible energy (MJ/kg, air-dry basis) were, respectively: barleys 12·7 (12·4 to 13·0), sorghums 14·4 (14·1 to 14·9), wheats 14·4 (14·0 to 15·0), weather-damaged wheats 14·1 (12·9 to 14·9) and wheat by-products 12·4 (10·9 to 14·1).3. All possible regressions of digestible energy content against density, gross energy and proximate analyses of the meals were screened to select useful relationships. These screens indicated that, with the exception of wheat by-products, the majority of variation in digestible energy was due to gross energy and fibre. For wheat by-products, a combination of density and fibre accounted for most of the variation.4. Prediction equations had the most application to weather-damaged wheats, wheat by-products and a combination of all samples.5. There was no indication that neutral-detegent fibre was superior to crude fibre as a predictor of digestible energy in cereals for pigs.

Efficiency of the utilization of the energy of food in piglets, after weaning

1973 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Burlacu ◽  
G. Băia ◽  
Dumitra Ionilă ◽  
Doina Moisa ◽  
V. Taṣcenco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Large White ◽  
Maintenance Requirement ◽  
Large White Breed ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Gross Energy

SummaryThe efficiency of utilization of the energy of food by weaned pigs of the Large White breed was measured. Three diets based on maize (40–60%) had a metabolizable energy of 75·8±1·2% of the gross energy, and 78·2 ±3·4% of the metabolizable energy was present as net energy.The maintenance requirement of metabolizable energy of pigs weighing 14·3 ± 2·1 kg was 143·6 kcal/kg°0·75/24 h (601 kJ/kg0·75/24 h).The energy cost per g protein and fat synthesized by piglets was estimated to be 7·43 and 12·05 kcal (31·1 and 50·4 kJ) metabolizable energy, respectively.Equations for calculation of metabolizable energy (Yl, kcal) and of the net energy (Y2, kcal), based on digested nutrients, were:Y1 = 4·64×1 + 9·12×2 + 4·25×3'CV = ± 1·2%,Y2 = 3·84×1 + 7·09×2 + 3·28×3'CV = ± 1·4%,where X1 = g protein digested, X2 = g fat digested, X3= g carbohydrate digested (crude fibre × N-free extracts).

scholarly journals Energy values of crude glycerin for broilers

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 2348-2354
Author(s):  
C. de Souza ◽  
J. Broch ◽  
C. Souza ◽  
L. Wachholz ◽  
T.L. Kohler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Crude Glycerin ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Gross Energy

ABSTRACT The energetic values of crude glycerin (CG) were determined for broilers at different ages using the method proposed by Matterson and by polynomial regressions. Two trials were performed with broilers from 11 to 21 and from 31 to 41 days of age. The birds were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with a reference ration (RR), without CG, and three ration tests with replacement of 5%, 10%, and 15% of RR by CG. The metabolizable energy values were calculated by the Matterson method, and the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) values were used in polynomial regression analysis. The mean values of AME, apparent corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn), metabolizable coefficient of gross energy (CAMEB), and corrected for nitrogen balance (CAMEBn) of CG, for the phase from 11 to 21 days by the Matterson method were 10.08 MJ kg-1, 10.04 MJ kg-1, 67.06%, and 66.74%, respectively. The inclusion of CG presented an increasing linear effect for CAMEB and CAMEBn in this period. From 31 to 41 days, these values were 10.38 MJ kg-1, 10.27 MJ kg-1, 69.02%, and 62.24%, respectively. The predicted AMEn value through the polynomial regression equations was 10.49 MJ kg-1 and 10.18 MJ kg-1, respectively. According to the equations proposed by Matterson, the crude glycerin EMAn values for broilers from 11 to 21 and 31 to 41 days of age were 10.04 MJ kg-1 and 10.26 MJ kg-1, respectively. According to Adeola's method the AMEn values were 10.49 and 10.20 MJ kg-1 for each phase.

Variation in nutrient content of feedingstuffs rich in protein and reassessment of the chemical method for metabolizable energy estimation for poultry

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Lodhi ◽  
Daulat Singh ◽  
J. S. Ichhponani
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Multiple Regression Equation ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Energy Estimation ◽  
Short Period

SummaryA series of five metabolism trials was made to determine apparent nitrogen digestibility and metabolizable energy (ME) contents of protein rich feedingstuffs. The mean nitrogen digestibilities of fish meal, groundnut, mustard, sesame and cottonseed cakes were 66, 69, 68, 57 and 40%, respectively. Corresponding values for metabolizable energy values were 1820, 2460, 2330, 1870 and 1530 kcal/kg, respectively. The metabolizable energy contents of coconut cake, niger cake and blood meal were 1190, 2360 and 2190 kcal/kg, respectively. The quantity of protein, its digestibility and crude fibre content in the cakes are the prime factors for this trend in MB. Simple and multiple regression equations were derived from biologically assayed metabolizable energy and chemically analysed energy-yielding nutrient contents of the feedingstuffs. The simple regression equation is:ME kcal/kg = 32·95 (% crude protein + % ether extract × 2·25+ % available carbohydrate)–29·20.The multiple regression equation is:ME kcal/kg = 370·29 + (24·47 × % crude protein)+ (65·77 × % ether extract)+ (44·07 × % available carbohydrate)- (8·15 × % crude fibre).The correlation coefficients of simple and multiple regression equations were 0·72 and 0·73, respectively, indicating that there is very little advantage for prediction in using the multiple regression equation. The usefulness of the equation for routine checking of poultry feeds for ME is apparent since the nutrients required to predict metabolizable energy can be analysed within a short period of time.

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