THE DRY MATTER INTAKE AND DIGESTIBILITY OF WINTER WHEAT HARVESTED AS WHOLE CROP SILAGE

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
J. R. LESSARD
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dough Stage

Wheat was harvested for silage at the milk, the soft dough and the firm dough stages of maturity and fed to lactating cows in a comparison with corn silage harvested at 30% dry matter. The protein content of the four silages ranged from 7 to 8.3%. The crude fiber content of the corn silage (22%) was lower than that of the three wheat silages ranging from 27.4% at the firm dough stage to 34.5% at the milk stage. Silage dry matter intake was highest for the firm dough wheat silage and lowest for the corn silage. However, there was no significant difference in milk yield or milk composition among the four silages. The higher intake of the firm dough silage compared to corn silage was compensated for by the tendency of higher digestibility of the corn silage. The rumen acetate content of the cows fed soft dough wheat silage was higher than for those fed corn silage and milk stage wheat silage, while the reverse was true for rumen propionate.

HIGH MOISTURE GROUND EAR CORN, HIGH MOISTURE BARLEY OR SODIUM HYDROXIDE TREATED BARLEY FOR LACTATING COWS: MILK PRODUCTION AND RATION UTILIZATION

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. KUNG Jr. ◽  
B. W. JESSE ◽  
J. W. THOMAS ◽  
J. T. HUBER ◽  
R. S. EMERY
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Fecal Ph

Whole barley was treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in laboratory trials. Dry matter disappearance from nylon bags in the rumen of whole barley treated with 2.5, 3.5, or 4.9% NaOH for 30 h was 59.6, 72.4, and 93.0%, respectively, compared with 82.2% for untreated ground barley. In a subsequent lactation trial, 24 Holstein cows (eight per treatment) were fed high moisture ground ear corn, high moisture rolled barley or high moisture whole barley treated with 3.5% NaOH. Milk persistencies tended to be greater for cows fed high moisture rolled barley, next for ground ear corn and least for NaOH-treated barley. Milk composition was similar for all treatments. Dry matter intake was greatest for cows fed ground ear corn and lower for those fed the barley diets. Alpha-linked glucose and pH of feces were similar for cows fed ground ear corn and high moisture rolled barley diets, but fecal pH was lower and alpha-linked glucose concentrations three times greater for NaOH-treated barley. Digestibility percents of dry matter, acid detergent fiber and nitrogen were 61.4, 25.3, 64.7 for ground ear corn; 64.4, 38.0, 67.1 for high moisture rolled barley; and 56.8, 43.2, 54.8 for NaOH-treated barley, respectively. Rumen grain turnover estimated by excretion of ytterbium in feces was greatest for NaOH-treated barley (9.09%/h), intermediate for ground ear corn (6.10%/h) and lowest for high moisture rolled barley (4.93%/h). Key words: Dairy, sodium hydroxide, high moisture grains

VOLUNTARY INTAKE OF SHREDDED NEWSPRINT BY DAIRY COWS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 799-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. GRIEVE ◽  
J. H. BURTON ◽  
H. E. BRAUN ◽  
R. FRANK
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Voluntary Intake

Shredded newsprint is a potential source of bedding for livestock, but because it may contain certain heavy metals and polychlorinated biphenyls significant voluntary consumption of newsprint by animals would be undesirable. To determine consumption levels, 18 Holstein cows in mid-lactation (average 19 wk) were used in a double latin square design. Squares represented access to shredded newsprint or chopped hay in the feed manger except during feeding time. Within squares, cows were allotted to each of three complete mixed rations over three 6-wk treatment periods. Rations comprised hay crop silage, corn silage, high moisture grain corn and soybean meal with roughage:concentrate ratios of 30:70 (LR), 50:50 (MR) and 70:30 (HR). Mixed rations were fed according to individual cow requirements for energy depending on body weight, milk yield and milk fat percent. Cows were allowed 4 h after each of two feedings per day to consume their allotted mixed ration. Voluntary consumption of newsprint was only 0.3 kg per cow per day or 2% of total dry matter intake while for those offered hay consumption was 2.6 kg∙cow−1∙day−1 or 15% of total dry matter intake. Intakes of mixed rations were unaffected by roughage:concentrate ratio or newsprint versus hay. However, total dry matter consumption (mixed ration plus newsprint or hay) was higher for cows offered hay (17.3 kg∙cow−1∙day−1) than for those offered newsprint (15.1 kg∙cow−1∙day−1). Levels of heavy metals in milk or blood samples of cows with access to newsprint were within normally accepted ranges. PCBs were at undetectable levels in all cases. Bedding cows with newsprint is unlikely to result in significant consumption or contamination of animals or their products. Key words: Lactating cows, newsprint consumption, heavy metals

scholarly journals Evaluation of rehydrated corn grain silage with okara or soybean inclusion in the performance of lactating cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 2747-2758
Author(s):  
Tamara Tais Tres ◽  
◽  
Clóves Cabreira Jobim ◽  
Robson Marcelo Rossi ◽  
Antonio Vinicius Iank Bueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grains

This study aimed to evaluate dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility, milk production and composition, and feed efficiency of cows fed corn grain silages with okara or raw soybean inclusion. Six Holstein cows were distributed in a double Latin square and arranged in the following treatments: concentrate formulated based on corn grain silage with 30% okara inclusion; concentrate of corn grain silage with 20% raw soybean inclusion, and concentrate based on dry corn grains. Statistical analysis was performed using Bayesian inference. Diets formulated with silages reduced dry matter intake compared to the diet of concentrate based on dry grains. High digestibility of DM, OM, NFC, and EE was observed for diets with silage inclusion. Milk presented an increase in CLA for the diet of corn grain silage diet with soybean inclusion. Rehydrated grain corn silage with soybean or okara inclusion reduced dry matter intake and increased nutrient digestibility, maintaining the same milk production, which demonstrates the higher efficiency of these diets.

FACTORS INFLUENCING DRY MATTER INTAKE AND UTILIZATION OF CORN SILAGE BY LACTATING COWS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Fisher ◽  
V. S. Logan ◽  
L. S. Donovan ◽  
R. B. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Factors Influencing

Moisture content, hay supplementation and energy content of corn silages were studied as factors affecting dry matter (DM) intake and utilization by lactating cows. In experiment I, a two-week delay in date of harvest resulted in an increase in DM content of silage for the two varieties of corn, but this was associated with significantly greater (P < 005) DM intake and fat-corrected milk production for only the earlier-maturing variety (Pride 5). Harvest date had no influence on solids-not-fat (SNF) content of the milk or body weight, but silage from Pride 5 corn resulted in a significantly (P < 0.05) higher SNF content and greater loss in body weight. In experiment II, feeding 4.7 kg of hay per day significantly reduced (P < 0.05) silage dry-matter intake and increased total ration dry-matter intake but did not change milk production or composition when compared with feeding 2.3 kg of hay per day. In experiment III, ear silage, stalk and leaf silage and hay were compared as a source of roughage for lactating cows. Total ration dry-matter intake was significantly greater (P < 0.05) for hay fed alone, but milk production was apparently higher when the ear silage was fed.

THE INVESTIGATION OF SODIUM BICARBONATE OR BENTONITE AS SUPPLEMENTS IN SILAGES FED TO LACTATING COWS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
V. G. MACKAY
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows

Two experiments with lactating Holsteins were carried out to determine the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) or bentonite, added to silage prior to feeding, as a means of increasing dry matter intake. In the first trials the feed, consisting of 10% grain mixture, 45% grass silage and 45% corn silage, was supplemented with 0, 0.6 or 1.2% bentonite in a 3 × 3 latin square utilizing 12 cows and 28-day test periods. Neither level of bentonite improved dry matter intake or milk yield. Milk composition, molar proportions of rumen volatile fatty acids, plasma calcium and phosphorus were not influenced by additions of bentonite. Apparent dry matter digestibility was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) by the addition of bentonite at the 0.6 and 1.2% levels compared to the cows fed the unsupplemented ration. The digestibility of acid detergent fiber was lower (P < 0.05) for cows fed the silage mixture supplemented with 1.2% bentonite than for the controls. In the second trial a silage mixture consisting of approximately 30% grass silage and 70% corn silage was supplemented with either 0.8% NaHCO3, 2.1% bentonite or neither and fed in a 3 × 3 latin square utilizing 15 cows and 28-day treatment periods. Compared to control cows, neither NaHCO3 nor bentonite had any significant (P > 0.05) influence on dry matter intake, milk yield or rumen fermentation. However, the addition of NaHCO3 to the silage improved milk yield and feed conversion (P < 0.05) when compared to cows fed the silage supplemented with bentonite. It was concluded from these trials that bentonite should not be used as a supplement to silage diets fed to lactating cows. The results suggested that NaHCO3 supplementation had little if any beneficial effect when grass silage made up approximately 30% of the total diet. Key words: NaHCO3, bentonite, lactating cows, silage intake, digestibility

A note on the use of kale as a replacement for cereal-based concentrates for milk production

1976 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-128
Author(s):  
F. J. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Block Experiment

SUMMARYTwenty-four lactating cows were used in a 6-week randomized block experiment to assess the effect of replacing 2·4 kg of cereal-based concentrate dry matter by either 2·6 or 3·2 kg of kale dry matter for cows with ad libitum access to grass silage. Milk yield, milk composition and live-weight change were not affected by the inclusion of kale. Silage dry-matter intake was significantly lower on the kale treatments than with concentrate, being 8·51, 7·89 and 7·95 kg per day for the concentrate, low-kale and high-kale supplements respectively. Energy digestibilities were 68·1, 74·4 and 76·4% and nitrogen digestibilities 67·1, 74·9 and 78·8% for the three treatments respectively.

scholarly journals THE CONSUMPTION OF ACID WHEY BY LACTATING COWS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
LORNE J. FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Acid Whey ◽  
Whey Feeding

Acid whey with 0.1% formalin added as a preservative was fed free choice for 14 days to four lactating Holsteins. Whey intake averaged 55 kg/cow/day (3.6 kg of whey dry matter (DM)). Intake of corn silage decreased from 7.1 to 3.9 DM/day and intake of hay was stimulated slightly. Milk yield was sustained and milk protein content increased during the whey-feeding period.

EVALUATION OF CORN AND SORGHUM-SUDAN SILAGES ON THE BASIS OF DRY MATTER INTAKE, DIGESTIBILITY AND MILK PRODUCTION

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-435
Author(s):  
L. J. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Daily Milk Production

Sorghum-sudan (S-S) silage and corn silage were compared on the basis of dry matter intake and milk production when fed to lactating cows and on the basis of digestibility when fed to wether Iambs. Although dry matter percent was lower for the S-S silage, 21.5 vs. 27.4, average daily dry matter intake was nearly the same, 63.4 vs. 64.4 g/kg W0.75 when compared with corn silage. Average daily milk production and total body weight change were significantly less (P < 0.05), 218.7 vs. 234.4 g/kg W0.75 and − 7.0 vs. + 10.7 kg, respectively, for cows fed S-S silage. Rumen fluid from cows fed corn silage contained a significantly lower molar percent acetic acid and higher butyric acid (P < 0.01) than rumen fluid from cows fed S-S silage. Digestibility coefficients were greater (P < 0.01) for corn silage dry matter, nitrogen-free extract, fiber and energy, but significantly less for protein (P < 0.01) when compared with S-S silage. The high nitrogen content and protein digestibility suggest that sorghum-sudan hybrids may be usefully employed in ruminant rations, although they are low in digestible energy content when compared with corn.

The effect of silage type on the performance of lactating cows and the response to, high levels of protein in the supplement

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Standard Rate ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACTA change-over design experiment, comprising four periods each of 4 weeks' duration, was used to evaluate three silage types each fed with two levels of protein in the supplement in a 3×2 factorial arrangement. The three silages were high digestibility unwilted (A), high digestibility wilted (B) and low digestibility unwilted (C). The supplements had crude protein contents of 152 and 240 g/kg dry matter, and were offered at a standard rate of 10 kg undried weight daily. The mean silage intakes were 9·3, 9·5 and 8·6 ±0·19 kg dry matter/day for A, B and C respectively, but protein content of the supplement had no significant effect on the intake of silage. Milk yield was significantly affected by both silage type and protein content of the supplement, with the mean yields being 23·6, 23·9 and 22·0 ± 0·49 kg/day for A, B and C respectively, and 22·4 and 24·0 ±0·40 kg/day for the medium and high protein supplements respectively. Although there was no significant interaction between silage type and protein content of the supplement, the greatest response to increased protein was obtained with B. Neither silage type nor protein content ofthe supplement affected animal live weight or milk composition (other than fat content, which was significantly affected by silage type). Blood plasma urea levels were 281 and 405 ± 28·0 mg/1 for the medium and high protein supplements respectively.Total ration digestibility and nitrogen balances were carried out on three animals per treatment. The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and nitrogen was significantly affected by both silage type and level of protein in the supplement. The output of nitrogen in the urine was also significantly affected by both these factors.

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