scholarly journals THE CONSUMPTION OF ACID WHEY BY LACTATING COWS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
LORNE J. FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Acid Whey ◽  
Whey Feeding

Acid whey with 0.1% formalin added as a preservative was fed free choice for 14 days to four lactating Holsteins. Whey intake averaged 55 kg/cow/day (3.6 kg of whey dry matter (DM)). Intake of corn silage decreased from 7.1 to 3.9 DM/day and intake of hay was stimulated slightly. Milk yield was sustained and milk protein content increased during the whey-feeding period.

scholarly journals AN EVALUATION OF STEAM-TREATED ASPEN AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR CORN SILAGE IN THE RATIONS OF LACTATING COWS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-384
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Forage Mixtures

Fifteen lactating Holsteins were used to test processed aspen added to corn silage at the levels of 0, 10 and 20% (dry matter basis). The experiment was designed as a latin square with three experimental periods each 42 days in length. The forage mixtures were fed free choice to the cows, which were housed in a free-stall barn, and their individual feed intakes were recorded by using electronic doors. The processed aspen contained 45.4% dry matter, 73.7% acid detergent fiber and 0.54% protein. There was no evidence of heating or mold growth in the aspen during the 5 mo of the trial. Silage dry matter intake and milk yield were 11.8, 13.4 and 13.4 and 25.7, 27.0 and 26.8 kg per day, respectively, for the silage mixtures containing 0, 10 and 20% processed aspen. Fat test was decreased slightly and milk protein content significantly (P < 0.05) depressed by the addition of 20% processed aspen chips to the corn silage. Efficiency of milk yield was not significantly influenced (P > 0.05) by the inclusion of aspen chips in the silage. Neither the molar proportion of acetic acid nor the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid in the rumen fluid was changed when the cows were fed silage containing processed aspen chips. The apparent digestibilities of total ration dry matter and protein were lowered significantly by the addition of 10% aspen chips to the forage mixture. It was concluded from the results of this trial that steam-processed aspen chips had little nutritive value when fed to lactating cows as a partial substitute for corn silage.

THE DRY MATTER INTAKE AND DIGESTIBILITY OF WINTER WHEAT HARVESTED AS WHOLE CROP SILAGE

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
J. R. LESSARD
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dough Stage

Wheat was harvested for silage at the milk, the soft dough and the firm dough stages of maturity and fed to lactating cows in a comparison with corn silage harvested at 30% dry matter. The protein content of the four silages ranged from 7 to 8.3%. The crude fiber content of the corn silage (22%) was lower than that of the three wheat silages ranging from 27.4% at the firm dough stage to 34.5% at the milk stage. Silage dry matter intake was highest for the firm dough wheat silage and lowest for the corn silage. However, there was no significant difference in milk yield or milk composition among the four silages. The higher intake of the firm dough silage compared to corn silage was compensated for by the tendency of higher digestibility of the corn silage. The rumen acetate content of the cows fed soft dough wheat silage was higher than for those fed corn silage and milk stage wheat silage, while the reverse was true for rumen propionate.

The winter decline in the solids-not-fat content of herd bulk-milk supplies

1969 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Wright ◽  
J. A. F. Rook ◽  
J. J. Panes
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
The West ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Characteristic Effect ◽  
Winter Feeding

Summary(1) A survey of the composition of the milk of individual cows in 4 commercial herds in the West Riding of Yorkshire was undertaken from October 1967 to May 1968.(2) In 3 of the 4 herds there was a decline in solids-not-fat (SNF) content throughout the winter feeding period. Milk protein content was at a minimum in January–February but in all 3 herds lactose content also declined and in 2 of the herds this was the major cause of the fall in SNF content.(3) The decline in lactose content was the result partly of the characteristic effect of an advance in lactation, partly of an increase in the incidence of mastitis throughout the winter period. In all herds there was a significant inverse relationship between lactose content and cell count in the bulked milk of individual cows.(4) In 3 of the herds autumn-calving (October–December) animals showed a pronounced fall in milk protein content in the early months of lactation which was not observed in summer-calving (July–September) animals. There was no response in SNF or protein content to supplementary concentrates offered towards the end of the winter-feeding period, whereas with the commencement of grazing in the spring there was an immediate increase in both protein and SNF contents.

WHOLE CROP BARLEY AS CONSERVED FORAGE FOR LACTATING COWS

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
J. R. LESSARD ◽  
G. A. LODGE
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Body Weight Change ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Three Stages

Whole crop barley harvested as hay at the milk stage and at three stages of maturity as silage was fed to each of 16 lactating cows, over successive periods of 49 days each, according to a simple changeover design. The barley hay and barley silages contained 86.2, 26.1, 33.4, and 47.9% dry matter (DM), 14.2, 12.5, 11.1, and 9.2% crude protein, and 31.1, 34.1, 29.2, and 28.0% crude fiber for the hay, milk, soft dough, and firm dough stages of maturity, respectively. Forage DM intake was significantly lower (P < 0.05) for hay than for any of the silages and for the milk stage silage than for the more mature silages. There were no significant effects of diet on milk yield, but milk protein content was significantly lower (P < 0.05) and lactose content significantly higher (P < 0.05) when milk stage silage was fed compared with hay or the other silages. The ratio of acetate to propionate in the rumen fluid was significantly greater (P < 0.05) for cows fed hay than when fed silage. The apparent digestibilities of forage DM were 59.2, 59.4, 59.0, and 55.9% and the efficiencies of digestible energy utilization of complete rations corrected for body weight change were 49.1, 43.9, 42.2, and 42.3% for barley hay, and silages at the milk, soft dough, and firm dough stages of maturity, respectively.

INTAKE AND DIGESTIBILITY OF CORN, RYE AND SORGHUM-SUDAN GRASS SILAGES BY LACTATING COWS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1027-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
J. R. LESSARD
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

Eighteen lactating Holsteins were utilized in a 3 × 3 Latin square (49 d treatment−1) for a comparative estimation of the intake and digestibility of corn, rye and sorghum-sudan grass silages. The dry matter (DM), protein and acid detergent fiber contents were 32.5, 8.0, 27.0; 25.2, 8.7, 45.6 and 22.4, 10.6, 40.7 percent for corn, rye, and sorghum-sudan silages, respectively. Dry matter intake of the silage and milk yield were less (P < 0.05) for cows fed rye silage compared to those fed corn and sorghum-sudan grass silage. Cows lost body weight when fed rye silage but gained weight when fed either corn or sorghum-sudan grass silage. The feeding of rye silage resulted in a decrease (P < 0.05) in milk protein percent compared to the feeding of corn or sorghum-sudan silage and in the percentage of milk lactose compared to the feeding of sorghum-sudan grass silage. Molar proportions of rumen acetate were higher (P < 0.05) when cows were fed either rye or sorghum-sudan silage compared to corn silage. Cows fed rye silage had higher molar proportions of rumen propionate and valerate and lower levels of butyrate (P < 0.05) compared to cows consuming sorghum-sudan silage. The digestibility of total ration DM was lower (P < 0.05) when either rye or sorghum-sudan silage was the forage portion of the ration compared to corn. It was concluded from this trial that sorghum-sudan silage provided a suitable source of forage for lactating dairy cows. However, the DM intake and milk yield of cows fed rye silage was less than satisfactory. Key words: Dairy cattle, rye, sorghum-sudan, silage, intake, digestibility

EVALUATION OF WHOLE CROP OAT SILAGE AS A BASAL FORAGE FOR LACTATING COWS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
J. R. LESSARD ◽  
G. A. LODGE
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Molar Percent ◽  
Dough Stage

Corn silage ensiled at 33% dry matter (DM) (Treatment CS); oats harvested at the milk stage of maturity and ensiled with oat grain (Treatment OG); oats harvested at the milk stage of maturity and wilted prior to ensiling (Treatment OM) and oats harvested at the soft dough stage of maturity and ensiled (Treatment OSD) were fed to each of 16 lactating cows during four successive 49-day periods, according to a switchback design. The silages as fed contained 34.5, 34.2, 31.9 and 36.6% dry matter (DM) and 8.6, 14.0, 14.4 and 10.5% protein for Treatments CS, OG, OM, and OSD, respectively. Forage dry matter (DM) intake was significantly greater (P < 0.01) on Treatment OG than on CS, and significantly less (P < 0.01) on Treatment OM than on either CS, OG or OSD. Milk yield was significantly higher (P < 0.05) on Treatment OG than on OM. Milk protein percent was higher (P < 0.05) on Treatment CS than on OSD, and lactose percent was lower (P < 0.01) on Treatment CS than on OG. There was no significant effect (P > 0.05) of treatment on the acetate:propionate ratio in the rumen fluid. However, molar percent of rumen butyrate was significantly (P < 0.05) lower on Treatment OM than on either CS or OG. The apparent digestibilities of silage DM were 58.6, 58.0, 60.8, and 52.9, and of silage crude protein were 43.3, 65.3, 63.8, and 55.0 for Treatments CS, OG, OM, and OSD, respectively. Efficiencies of conversion of dietary energy and protein to milk energy and protein were also calculated.

EVALUATION OF TRITICALE SILAGE FOR LACTATING COWS

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Nutritive Values

The nutritive values of corn and triticale silage were compared in a changeover experiment using eight lactating Holstein cows. Intake of silage dry matter was significantly greater (P < 0.05) for corn silage (9.41 vs. 7.49 kg/100 kg0.75 body weight) than for triticale silage. Solids, corrected milk yield, and protein content were significantly higher (P < 0.01) for corn silage (25.0 vs. 21.4 kg/day and 3.34 vs. 3.11%) than for triticale silage. The apparent digestibility of dry matter for rations containing corn and triticale silage was 67.0 and 64.0%, respectively.

Anti-mastitis SNV identification of NFκB1 in Chinese Holstein cows and the possible anti-inflammation role of NFκB1/p105 in bovine MECs

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 1191-1201
Author(s):  
Ling Chen ◽  
Rongfu Tian ◽  
Huilin Zhang ◽  
Xiaolin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Chinese Holstein ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Chinese Holstein Cows ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Abstract NFκB1/p105 is the critical member of the NFκB family which can suppress inflammation, ageing, and cancer when p50/p50 homodimer is formed. Currently, the research about the role of NFκB1/p105 during cow mastitis is limited. Here, we analyzed the correlation of six single-nucleotide variants of the NFκB1 gene with somatic cell count, milk yield, milk fat content, and milk protein content in 547 Chinese Holstein cows, and explored the mRNA expression profiles of the NFκB family and ubiquitin ligases (βTrCP1, βTrCP2, KPC1, KPC2) in LPS-induced bovine mammary epithelial cells (MECs) by transcriptome-Seq. The association analysis showed that cows with SNV2-TT and SNV6-CC in the NFκB1 gene had significantly higher milk protein content (P &lt; 0.05), while cows with SNV5-TT in the NFκB1 gene had significantly lower somatic cell score (SCS), but CC genotype at SNV5 locus was not detected in our Holstein cows. The transcriptome-Seq results demonstrated the mRNA expression of NFκB1 was increased and peaked at 4 h post-induction, while the mRNA expressions of both KPC1 and BCL3 that promote the anti-inflammation function of NFκB1/p105 were decreased in LPS-induced bovine MECs. TNFAIP3, an inhibitor of both degradation and processing of p105 precursor, was markedly increased by more than 3 folds. Furthermore, bta-miR-125b which targets at the 3ʹUTR of TNFAIP3 was reduced by 50%. These results indicated that SNV5-TT of the NFκB1 gene with lower SCS may be an anti-mastitis genotype that could cope with infection more efficiently in Chinese Holstein cows. In addition, the anti-inflammation role of NFκB1/p105 seemed to be inhibited in LPS-induced-bovine MECs because the formation of the p50/p50 homodimer was arrested. This study provides a new perspective to understand the inflammatory mechanism in dairy mastitis.

A COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS OF COMBINING ALFALFA CUBES WITH CORN SILAGE FED TO LACTATING COWS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-565
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Changeover Period ◽  
Feeding Systems

Sixteen Holstein cows in early lactation were assigned to a switch-back experiment consisting of two experimental periods 35 days in length separated by a 7-day changeover period. Treatments consisted of two feeding systems, alfalfa cubes ensiled with corn silage or alfalfa cubes fed with the corn silage. When cows were fed corn–alfalfa cube silage they consumed more forage, 2.26 vs. 2.16% of body weight per cow per day than when they were fed the alfalfa cubes with the silage. Fat-corrected milk yield was somewhat higher, 25.4 vs. 24.0 kg/day; fat percent and fat yield were greater, 3.13 vs. 2.70% and 918 vs. 814 g/day for corn–alfalfa cube silage as compared to cubes added at feeding time. However, milk yield was greater, 29.9 vs. 29.1 kg/day, and milk lactose percent was greater, 5.26 vs. 5.18% for cows fed cubes at feeding time compared to cows fed corn–alfalfa cube silage. There was no difference between feeding systems in blood minerals or metabolites with the exception of plasma urea nitrogen which was higher, 20.2 vs. 17.2 mg %, for the alfalfa cubes fed with the corn silage. Apparent dry matter and protein digestibility for the total ration were 68.1 and 71.6% when corn alfalfa cube silage was fed compared to 65.4 and 68.5% when the cubes were fed with the corn silage (P < 0.05). It was concluded from this study that alfalfa cubes ensiled with corn silage was an effective method of increasing the dry matter and protein content of corn silage and in improving the digestibility of the total ration.

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