SURVIVAL OF COLOSTRUM-DEPRIVED NEONATAL PIGLETS FED GAMMA-GLOBULINS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. McCALLUM ◽  
B. D. OWEN ◽  
J. I. ELLIOT
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Dosage Level ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
Good Survival ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
Neonatal Piglets ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Milk Replacers

A series of cooperative trials were carried out at the University of Saskatchewan and the Animal Research Institute, Ottawa to determine the oral dosage level of gamma-globulin required for survival of colostrum-deprived piglets reared artificially under practical conditions. Gamma-globulins were derived from either porcine or bovine abattoir blood either by precipitation or by direct lyophilization of serum. The gamma-globulin was fed to the piglets as an integral part of milk replacers. As the level of porcine gamma-globulin fed increased from 0 to 15 g/kg body weight on day 1 and from 0 to 5 g/kg body weight on days 2 through 10, there was a progressive improvement in survival. Conflicting results were obtained with serum-derived bovine gamma-globulin. However, bovine colostrum supported good survival rates. Antibacterial supplementation of milk replacer did not enhance survival and performance. Allowing piglets to nurse the dam for 24 h prior to artificial rearing did not result in improved survival rates. The study indicated that it is possible to raise colostrum-deprived neonatal piglets in an ordinary swine barn environment and achieve survival rates comparable to those presently achieved under natural conditions through the supplementation of milk replacers with gamma-globulin derived from abattoir blood.

PERFORMANCE OF LAMBS FED MILK REPLACERS HAVING TWO LEVELS OF FAT

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 837-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. HEANEY ◽  
J. N. B. SHRESTHA ◽  
H. F. PETERS
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
Reduced Fat ◽  
Fat Level ◽  
Milk Replacers

Two experiments were conducted to study the growth performance of lambs artificially reared and fed lamb milk replacers (MR) containing 30% fat (HF) or 24% fat (LF) in the dry powder. Both MR contained 24% crude protein, were identically supplemented with vitamins and minerals and were reconstituted at one part powder to five parts water. There were no differences in weaning weights (WW) or average daily gains (ADG) among the HF vs. LF lambs in the first experiment. In the second experiment both WW and ADG were significantly (P < 0.05) higher for LF lambs compared to HF lambs. There were no differences in ADG among lambs weaned from MR at an average age of 28 days and those weaned at 21 days of age for either of the two MR. The effects of MR fat level were identical at both weaning ages. Survival rates and feed consumption were similar for lambs fed the two MR. It was concluded that the fat level of MR could be reduced to 24% without adversely affecting lamb performance and that such a reduction would have substantial economic benefits because of the lower cost of the MR with the reduced fat level. Key words: Lambs, milk replacers, artificial rearing, fat levels

EFFECTS OF WARM VERSUS COLD MILK REPLACERS AND OF FREE-CHOICE HAY POSTWEANING ON PERFORMANCE OF ARTIFICIALLY REARED LAMBS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 871-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. HEANEY ◽  
J. N. B. SHRESTHA
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Reconstituted Milk ◽  
Milk Replacers ◽  
Corn Grain

In two artificial rearing experiments lambs were fed, ad libitum, either cold (4.4–7 °C) or warm (27–31 °C) milk replacer with 0.10% formalin (37%, wt/wt, formaldehyde) added to the reconstituted milk replacer. From weaning at 21 days of age to 91 days of age all lambs were fed the same high-concentrate diet (corn grain, soybean meal, 8% ground hay plus minerals and vitamins; approx. 17% crude protein, as-fed). In the second experiment half the lambs from each milk replacer treatment were fed alfalfa hay free-choice postweaning in addition to the high-concentrate diet. Equal survival rates and absence of abomasal bloat on both milk replacer treatments showed that the addition of 0.10% formalin allows warm milk replacer to be safely fed ad libitum to lambs. Both intakes and gains were higher for lambs fed warm milk replacer than for cold. In the first experiment apparent compensatory postweaning growth nullified the weight advantage at weaning for lambs fed warm milk replacer, whereas in the second experiment the weight advantage at weaning was not overcome by the apparent compensatory growth. Feeding hay free-choice postweaning (amounted to 12.5% of the overall diet), in addition to the high-concentrate diet, improved lamb gains and slightly increased feed dry matter required per kilogram of gain, as would be expected as a result of the lower energy content of the overall diet. The results indicate that the addition of 0.10% formalin allows warm milk replacer to be safely fed ad libitum to lambs; that performance, including postweaning carryover effects will be equal to, or greater than that achieved with cold milk replacer; and that free-choice hay in addition to a high-concentrate diet postweaning has a beneficial effect on lamb performance. Key words: Lambs, artificial rearing, warm vs. cold milk replacer

scholarly journals REPRODUCTION AND LARVAL REARING OF SANDFISH (Holothuria scabra)

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Sari Budi Moria Sembiring ◽  
Gigih Setia Wibawa ◽  
I Nyoman Adiasmara Giri ◽  
Jhon Harianto Hutapea ◽  
Haryanti
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Larval Rearing ◽  
Holothuria Scabra ◽  
Total Length ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Aquaculture Development

The natural stock of sea cucumber Holothuria scabra (known as sandfish) has been declining in both population and size, making it difficult to collect broodstock and juvenile sandfishes for aquaculture. This research aims to evaluate the reproduction of domesticated broodstock (F-1) and performance of the juveniles (F-2). Broodstock were reared in two rectangular concrete tanks with a dimension of 190 x 290 x 70 cm3. There were 12 individuals (7 males and 5 females) of broodstock (F-1) with total length and mean body weight of 12.0 ± 1.21 cm and 122.6 ± 32.37 g, respectively. Six broodstock were put in each tank and fed with compressed benthos at 4% biomass daily in the afternoon. During our experiment, domesticated sandfish broodstock successfully spawned twice. The first spawning (occurred in January 2017) had one female spawned that released 1,350,000 eggs with a hatching rate of 57.4%. Another broodstock spawned in April 2017 and produced 3,280,000 eggs with a hatching rate of 78.66%. The growth performance of 170 days-old juveniles (F-2) shows a total length of 5.66 ± 0.90 cm and a mean body weight of 10.08 ± 2.07 g. The survival rates are 5.19% and 8.68% for juveniles spawned in January and April, respectively. We conclude by showing that sandfish could be domesticated to produce seeds for further aquaculture development.

AN AUTOMATED NIPPLE FEEDING SYSTEM FOR ARTIFICIALLY REARING COLOSTRUM-DEPRIVED NEONATAL PIGLETS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. McCALLUM ◽  
B. D. OWEN ◽  
M. J. FARMER
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Diet ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Neonatal Piglets ◽  
Fortified Milk ◽  
Newborn Pigs ◽  
Milk Replacers

An automatic feeding nipple device for the artificial rearing of newborn pigs is described. The 16-piglet unit dispenses individual pre-set volumes of liquid diet at pre-set time intervals into reservoirs which are connected to a nipple positioned in each animal compartment. The automatic feeding nipple device proved effective and reliable in the dispensing of experimental diets employed in studies on the efficacy of immunoglobulin-fortified milk replacers for newborn colostrum-deprived pigs.

Gamma-globulin in Prevention of Hepatitis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 514-515
Author(s):  
SYDNEY S. GELLIS ◽  
JAMES A. MCCOMB
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
American Academy ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Dosage Level ◽  
Infectious Hepatitis ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
Commercial Source ◽  
First Time

The 1961 edition of the "Redbook" of the American Academy of Pediatrics distinguishes between dosages for the adult and the child for the first time in its recommendations for the prevention of infectious hepatitis. This amounts to 2½ times more for adults than for children per pound of body weight. These recommendations resemble those of Krugman et al. (J.A.M.A., 174:823, 1960) and do not take into account 10 years of satisfactory experience and published reports by many workers using the 0.01 cc/lb of body weight dosage first advocated by Stokes et al. 10 years ago. In the Krugman trials this dosage did not show the satisfactory results of previous published reports. The lot of globulin used by him at this dosage was not tested at any other dosage level. When he employed a higher dosage in his next trial, the gamma-globulin used was from a different commercial source.

scholarly journals Isoquinoline Alkaloids in Sows’ Diet Reduces Body Weight Loss during Lactation and Increases IgG in Colostrum

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2195
Author(s):  
Ester Arévalo Sureda ◽  
Xuemei Zhao ◽  
Valeria Artuso-Ponte ◽  
Sophie-Charlotte Wall ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Isoquinoline Alkaloids ◽  
Back Muscle ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
And Performance

Isoquinoline alkaloids (IQ) exert beneficial antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects in livestock. Therefore, we hypothesized that supplementing sows’ diets with IQ during gestation would decrease farrowing stress, affecting the piglets’ development and performance. Sows were divided into: IQ1, supplemented with IQ from gestation day 80 (G80) to weaning; IQ2, supplemented from gestation day 110 (G110) to weaning, and a non-supplemented (NC) group. Sow body weight (BW), feed intake, back-fat thickness and back-muscle thickness were monitored. Cortisol, glucose and insulin were measured in sows’ blood collected 5 d before, during, and after 7 d farrowing. Protein, fat, IgA and IgG were analyzed in the colostrum and milk. Piglets were monitored for weight and diarrhea score, and for ileum histology and gene expression 5 d post-weaning. IQ-supplemented sows lost less BW during lactation. Glucose and insulin levels were lower in the IQ groups compared to NC-sows 5 d before farrowing and had higher levels of protein and IgG in their colostrum. No other differences were observed in sows, nor in the measured parameters in piglets. In conclusion, IQ supplementation affected sows’ metabolism, reducing body weight loss during lactation. Providing IQ to sows from their entrance into the maternity barn might be sufficient to induce these effects. IQ improved colostrum quality, increasing the protein and IgG content, improving passive immunity for piglets.

scholarly journals Correlation of Body Mass Index with Oncologic Outcomes in Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Large Population-Based Study

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3592
Author(s):  
Chong-Chi Chiu ◽  
Chung-Han Ho ◽  
Chao-Ming Hung ◽  
Chien-Ming Chao ◽  
Chih-Cheng Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
P Value ◽  
Administrative Claims ◽  
The Impact

It has been acknowledged that excess body weight increases the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC); however, there is little evidence on the impact of body mass index (BMI) on CRC patients’ long-term oncologic results in Asian populations. We studied the influence of BMI on overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and CRC-specific survival rates in CRC patients from the administrative claims datasets of Taiwan using the Kaplan–Meier survival curves and the log-rank test to estimate the statistical differences among BMI groups. Underweight patients (<18.50 kg/m2) presented higher mortality (56.40%) and recurrence (5.34%) rates. Besides this, they had worse OS (aHR:1.61; 95% CI: 1.53–1.70; p-value: < 0.0001) and CRC-specific survival (aHR:1.52; 95% CI: 1.43–1.62; p-value: < 0.0001) rates compared with those of normal weight patients (18.50–24.99 kg/m2). On the contrary, CRC patients belonging to the overweight (25.00–29.99 kg/m2), class I obesity (30.00–34.99 kg/m2), and class II obesity (≥35.00 kg/m2) categories had better OS, DFS, and CRC-specific survival rates in the analysis than the patients in the normal weight category. Overweight patients consistently had the lowest mortality rate after a CRC diagnosis. The associations with being underweight may reflect a reverse causation. CRC patients should maintain a long-term healthy body weight.

MO704THE PROGNOSTIC IMPACT OF WEIGHT GAIN AFTER PERITONEAL DIALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Win Hlaing Than ◽  
Jack K C Ng ◽  
Gordon C K Chan ◽  
Winston Fung ◽  
Cheuk Chun Szeto
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Technique Survival ◽  
Technique Failure

Abstract Background and Aims The prevalence of obesity has increased over the past decade in patients with End Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD). Obesity at the initiation of peritoneal dialysis (PD) was reported to adversely affect clinical outcomes. However, there are few studies on the prognostic relevance of weight gain after PD. Method We reviewed the change in body weight of 954 consecutive PD patients from the initiation of dialysis to 2 years after they remained on PD. Clinical outcomes including patient survival, technique survival, and peritonitis rate in the subsequent two years were reviewed. Results The mean age was 60.3 ± 12.2 years; 535 patients (56.1%) were men and 504 (52.8%) had diabetes. After the first 2 years on PD, the average change in body weight was 1.2± 5.1 kg; their body weight was 63.0 ± 13.3 kg; body mass index (BMI) 24.4 ± 4.4 kg/m2. The patient survival rates in the subsequent two years were 64.9%, 75.0%, and 78.9% (log rank test, p = 0.008) for patients with weight loss ≥3 kg during the first 2 years of PD weight change between -3 and +3 kg, and weight gain ≥3 kg, respectively. The corresponding technique survival rates in the subsequent two years were 93.1%, 90.1%, 91.3%, respectively (p = 0.110), and the peritonitis rates were 0.7±1.5, 0.6±1.7, and 0.6±1.1 episodes per patient-year, respectively (p = 0.3). When the actual BMI after the first 2 years of PD was categorized into underweight, normal weight, marginal overweight, overweight, and obesity groups, the patient survival rates in the subsequent two years were 77.3%, 75.2%, 73.3%, 74.3%, and 75.9%, respectively (p= 0.005), and technique survival 98.0%, 91.9%, 88.0%, 92.8%, and 81.0%, respectively (p= 0.001). After adjusting for confounding clinical factors by multivariate Cox regression models, weight gain ≥ 3kg during the first 2 years of PD was an independent protective factor for technique failure (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] 0.049; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.004-0.554, p = 0.015), but was an adverse predictor of patient survival (AHR 2.338, 95%CI 1.149-4.757, p = 0.019). In contrast, weight loss ≥ 3kg during the first 2 years of PD did not predict subsequent patient or technique survival. Conclusion Weight gain during the first 2 years of PD confers a significant risk of subsequent mortality but appears to be associated with a lower risk of technique failure. The mechanism of this discordant risk prediction deserves further study.

Social rank of pregnant sows affects their body weight gain and behavior and performance of the offspring1,2

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 420-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kranendonk ◽  
H. Van der Mheen ◽  
M. Fillerup ◽  
H. Hopster
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Behavior

scholarly journals SURVIVAL EVALUATION AND SOIL REINFORCEMENT CAPACITY OF FIVE REOPHYTES SPECIES OF THE ATLANTIC RAINFOREST BIOME

FLORESTA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 477
Author(s):  
Junior Joel Dewes ◽  
Charles Rodrigo Belmonte Maffra ◽  
Rita Dos Santos Sousa ◽  
Fabrício Jaques Sutili
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Soil Reinforcement ◽  
Good Survival ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Mechanical Reinforcement ◽  
Pullout Resistance ◽  
Level Of Significance

The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival rate, the vegetative development and vertical pullout resistance of Phyllanthus sellowianus, Salix humboldtiana, Gymnanthes schottiana, Cephallanthus glabratus and Ludwigia elegans propagated by live cuttings. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Santa Maria, RS. The experiment was installed in October 2015 and evaluated in June 2016. Experiment was conducted in randomized blocks design with use of 5 plant species and 3 replications. In each block were planted 3 live cuttings of each species, with the total of 45 cuttings for the 3 blocks. The space between plants was of 1 x 1 m. Live cuttings average diameter was 1.7 cm and 60 cm long. Were evaluated the survival rate, morphological variables from shoots, as well as the vertical pullout resistance for each species. The observed survival rates were: P. sellowianus (100%), S. humboldtiana (100%), G. schottiana (83%), %), C. glabratus (67%) e L. elegans (50%), which are statistically different among themselves by Chi-square test (χ ²) at 5% level of significance. The variables, length and diameter of shoots, as well as the vertical pullout resistance are statistically different between species by Tukey’s test at 5% level of significance, and the best results were observed for P. sellowianus and less favorable to L. elegans. The results showed that the evaluated species, excluding L. elegans, had from great to good survival rates. The species P. sellowianus and L. elegans had the major and minor soil mechanical reinforcement capacity, respectively.Keywords: Soil Bioengineering, land reclamation, soil stabilization, vegetative propagation.

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