CLINICAL CHEMISTRY OF GRAIN-FED CATTLE.: III. PLASMA THYROID PROFILES WITH NOTES ON INTERFERENCE BY EDDI AND HYPOTHYROID VALUES IN HEREFORDS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. BIDE

Linear thyroid profiles consisting of total plasma I (TI), protein-bound iodine (PBI), thyroxine iodine (T4I), tri-iodothyronine uptake (T3U) and the corresponding indices of T7I = T4I* T3U/100 and thyroid binding globulin estimate TBGE = T3U−1 + T4r−0.25 were prepared for 15 grain-fed (test) and 15 hay-fed (control) Hereford steers over a 186-day feeding period. The grain diet, which contained 20 mg/kg of I2 as ethylenediaminedihydriodide (EDDI), consisted of 90% steam-rolled barley, 5% beet pulp pellets and 5% protein–mineral concentrate, supplemented with local alfalfa hay fed at the rate of 0.9 kg/head/day. The control diet was local alfalfa hay given ad libitum. CoI salt blocks containing 0.028% Ca (IO3)2 were available to both groups, free choice. In the test group, TI increased threefold immediately upon introduction of the grain diet, and remained elevated. Plasma PBI increased from 5.0 to 12 μg/dl on day 50 and then fell slowly to 9.0 μg/dl by day 180. T4I, T7I and TBGE decreased during the first 30 days and returned to the original values of 4.6 ± 1.2, 2.3 ± 0.8 and 1.48 ± 0.11 μgI/dl. T3U decreased from 51 to 48% over the feeding period. The PBI and T4I values were not related, probably because EDDI or a metabolite of it interferes with the PBI test. In the control group, the profile values at the beginning and end of the feeding period were in μgI/dl: TI, 7.3 ± 1.5 and 5.6 ± 1.0; PBI, 5.9 ± 1.0 and 5.3 ± 0.7; T4I, 4.2 ± 0.4 and 2.8 ± 0.5; T3U%, 55.8 ± 8.0 and 54.4 ± 6.9. These values provided corresponding index values of T7I, 2.3 ± 0.4 and 1.5 ± 0.4 and TBGE, 1.44 ± 0.04 and 1.31 ± 0.06. The control diet did not provide enough available I2; the thyroid profiles showed a trend towards hypothyroidism, and histologic examination post-mortem revealed thyroid hyperplasia.

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2206
Author(s):  
Sangyun Joung ◽  
Joanne E. Fil ◽  
Anne B. Heckmann ◽  
Anne S. Kvistgaard ◽  
Ryan N. Dilger

Introduction: Osteopontin (OPN) is a whey protein found at high concentration in human milk and is involved in processes such as bone cell proliferation and differentiation. Milk OPN has shown to be involved in various aspects of development, including the immune system and gut health. However, the influence of dietary bovine milk OPN inclusion on brain and cognitive development has not been studied extensively until recently. This research examines whether dietary supplementation of bovine milk OPN supports brain and cognitive development in the translational pig model. Methods: From postnatal day (PND) 2 to 34, twenty-one intact male pigs were provided ad libitum access to one of two dietary treatments, a standard soy protein isolate-based milk replacer to serve as a control diet (n = 11) and the same base diet supplemented with bovine milk OPN to serve as a test diet (n = 10). In addition to growth and health outcomes, recognition memory was tested using the novel object recognition (NOR) task from PND 28 to 32, and magnetic resonance imaging was conducted at PND 34 to evaluate brain development. Results: No dietary effects were observed for growth performance or health indices. For the behavioral analysis, pigs that received the test diet exhibited shorter (p < 0.05) latency to the first object visited compared with pigs fed the control diet. Although the control group exhibited novelty preference, there was no difference in recognition index between dietary groups. Neuroimaging outcomes revealed increased (p < 0.05) relative brain volumes of the corpus callosum, lateral ventricle, left and right internal capsule, left and right putamen-globus pallidus, and right hippocampus, and right cortex in the test group. Diffusion tensor imaging revealed higher (p < 0.05) radial diffusivity in the corpus callosum and lower (p < 0.05) fractional anisotropy in pigs provided the test diet. Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of bovine milk OPN increased the relative volume of several brain regions and altered behaviors in the NOR task. Underlying mechanisms of bovine milk OPN influencing the development of brain structures and additional behaviors warrant further investigation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Kristina Musayeva ◽  
Antanas Sederevičius ◽  
Ingrida Monkevičienė ◽  
Judita Žymantienė ◽  
Vaidas Oberauskas ◽  
...  

The aim of the study was to estimate the effect of rapeseed pomace and extruded full-fat soya in the diets of dairy cows on changes in the milk fatty acid (FA) profile. The experiment was carried out on 30 dairy cows and divided into two periods: the indoor feeding period and the grazing period. Control diet cows were fed the farm’s total mixed ration (TMR); cows of experimental group 1 (ES) cows were fed the farm’s TMR supplemented with extruded full-fat soya; cows of experimental group 2 (RP) were fed the farm’s TMR supplemented with rapeseed pomace. The total content of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) tended to be lower in the RP and ES groups than in the control group during both feeding periods. Our results suggest that supplementing diets with rapeseed and soybean products are both effective in improving the fatty acid proportion of desirable (hypocholesterolaemic) FAs, mainly oleic acid (18:1n-9), linoleic acid (18:2n-6) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLAcis9trans11). The study showed that during the indoor feeding period, the unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) contents were significantly higher in the ES group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The nutritional value of milk from the feeding groups in which rations were supplemented with ES or RP was better due to a quartile reduction of the atherogenicity index (AI) and the significantly increased spreadability index (SI) of the butter manufactured during the indoor feeding period (P < 0.01).


1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. BIDE ◽  
W. J. DORWARD

The rate of plasma clearance of bilirubin (BCR), as a test of liver function, was followed in three hay-fed and four grain-fed Hereford steers over the first 77 days of a 106-day feeding period. The grain diet was 90% steam rolled barley, 5% beet pulp pellets and 5% of a protein/mineral/vitamin concentrate given together with a hay supplement of 0.9 kg/head/day. The grain was introduced slowly over a 10-day period. Fluctuations in hematocrit values occurred during the adaptation to the grain diet. Periodic episodes of markedly reduced liver function occurred synchronously in test animals during the introduction of the grain diet. Similar episodes of reduced liver function were observed with decreasing frequency and severity as the feeding progressed. After 25 days of grain feeding, loss of synchrony also occurred, so that high values were observed in only one test animal at any one time. As the feeding period progressed, the time required for the distribution and equilibration of the bilirubin in the blood increased in the grain-fed animals causing interference with the BCR tests. The effects on liver function indicated a reduction in the efficiency of the liver which probably contributes to pathologic conditions in feedlot cattle.


1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. BIDE ◽  
W. J. DORWARD ◽  
M. E. TUMBLESON

In a preliminary study, 12 Hereford range cattle were fed in a feedlot for 105 days and 14-point biomedical profiles were prepared regularly at short intervals for the week prior to and during the feeding period to provide a clinical chemical view of the effects of the regimen upon cattle. The animals were fed for a week on local hay and then adapted to the grain diet (90% steam-rolled barley, 5% beet pulp, 5% of a commercial supplement containing 32% protein) by introducing the diet at 1.0 kg feed/100 kg body weight and increasing the ration 0.45 kg/head per 2 days. The hay ration was progressively reduced at the same time so that from the 8th day onward the animals were eating 0.9 kg/head per day and the grain diet ad libitum. Plasma cholesterol, Ca++, Cl−, bilirubin, creatinine, protein, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, urea nitrogen, glucose, Na+, and K+ were estimated at close intervals to provide linear biomedical profiles. Although no changes were observed that could be classified as pathological either from the clinical chemistry or post-mortem examination, significant changes were observed in the levels of some parameters and in most parameters the variance was significantly higher during the first 40 days of the feeding period. The changes observed would indicate that metabolic adaptation requires at least 40 days following the start of grain feeding in contrast to dietary adaptation, which is generally considered complete 2 days after the animals are eating the grain diet ad libitum.


1960 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Broster ◽  
C. C. Balch ◽  
S. Bartlett ◽  
R. C. Campling

1. Ammoniated sugar-beet pulp has been compared with decorticated ground-nut meal, when added to a control diet low in protein, in feeding trials with seventy-five cows on three farms and in a balance experiment with four cows.2. In the feeding trial the cows receiving decorticated ground-nut meal gave 8·4 lb. more milk weekly than cows receiving the control diet. Cows given the diet in which the molassed sugar beet pulp in the control diet was replaced by ammoniated sugar beet pulp gave 7·9 lb. more milk weekly than the control group. The milk-fat percentage was not affected by the treatments. Slight increases in solids-not-fat percentage resulted in an increased yield of solids-not-fat with both high-nitrogen treatments. The increases in milk yield approached statistical significance and the increases in solidsnot-fat were significant.3. It was concluded that the feeding trial showed that the nitrogen added to sugar-beet pulp during ammoniation could be utilized by milking cows, but the experiment did not permit an estimate of the efficiency of utilization.4. In the nitrogen balance experiment the utilization of nitrogen was measured as the sum of milk nitrogen and the nitrogen balance. It was concluded that 29·5 g. of nitrogen from 0·8 lb. decorticated ground-nut cake increased the daily utilization of nitrogen by 12·9 g., whereas 55·7 g. nitrogen from 8 lb. ammoniated sugar-beet pulp increased the utilization by only 6·0 g. In this experiment the efficiency of utilization of the nitrogen from groundnut meal was 44% and of the ammonia nitrogen from ammoniated sugar-beet pulp only 11%.5. Ammoniation raised the crude protein content of molassed beet pulp from 10 to 20%. If for the computation of rations the content of digestible crude protein in sugar-beet pulp is taken as 5·0%, that in the ammoniated pulp should be approximately 7·5%.6. If given in sufficient amounts the ammonia nitrogen had as great an effect as the nitrogen of ground-nut meal in correcting the effects of a diet low in protein.


2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Matsuzaki ◽  
Misao Miwa

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of dietary calcium (Ca) supplementation on bone metabolism of magnesium (Mg)-deficient rats. Male Wistar rats were randomized by weight into three groups, and fed a control diet (control group), a Mg-deficient diet (Mg- group) or a Mg-deficient diet having twice the control Ca concentrations (Mg-2Ca group) for 14 days. Trabecular bone volume was significantly lower in the Mg - and Mg-2Ca groups than in the control group. Trabecular number was also significantly lower in the Mg - and Mg-2Ca groups than in the control group. Mineralizing bone surface, mineral apposition rate (MAR), and surface referent bone formation rate (BFR/BS) were significantly lower in the Mg - and Mg-2Ca groups than in the control group. Furthermore, MAR and BFR/BS were significantly lower in the Mg-2Ca group than in the Mg - group. These results suggest that dietary Ca supplementation suppresses bone formation in Mg-deficient rats.


Author(s):  
VARSHA PALLED ◽  
DR. JITENDRA RAO ◽  
DR. RAGHUWAR DAYAL SINGH ◽  
DR. SHUCHI TRIPATHI ◽  
DR. KALPANA SINGH ◽  
...  

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) improves the healing of the implant surgical site with clinical and biochemical parameters.Thirty patients with an edentulous space spanning a single tooth were selected. The patients were randomly allocated to two groups - the control group and the test group. The test group received laser energy at a power of 2J/cm 2 with a total of 4-6J energy over each implant. Clinical parameters (Implant Stability Quotient, probing index, modified sulcus bleeding index)and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were assessed at baseline and follow-up intervals (2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3 months).The test group showed significantly higher implant stability quotient compared to thecontrol group at 2 weeks(57.93±3.95 and 35.67±3.08; p&lt;0.01) and 3months(58.86±3.75 and 67.06±3.78; p&lt;0.01). A significant rise in OPG levels of the test group(686.30±125.36pg/ml at baseline and 784.25±108.30pg/ml at 3months;p&lt;0.01) was seen contrary to significant decline in the control group (839.50±249.08pg/ml at baseline,415.30±78.39pg/ml at 3months;p&lt;0.01). Within the limitations of the study, the study suggests that the healing of peri-implant hard and soft tissues may be enhanced with the use of LLLT as an explicit modality during the post-operative period.


2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Nazli Zainuddin ◽  
Nurul Azira Mohd Shah ◽  
Rosdan Salim

Introduction: The role of virgin coconut oil in the treatment of allergic rhinitis is controversial. Thus, the aim of the present study is to determine the effects of virgin coconut oil ingestion, in addition to standard medications, on allergic rhinitis. We also studied the side effects of consumption of virgin coconut oil. Methods: Fifty two subjects were equally divided into test and control groups. All subjects received a daily dose of 10mg of loratadine for 28 days. The test group was given 10ml of virgin coconut oil three times a day in addition to loratadine. The symptoms of allergic rhinitis were scored at the beginning and end of the study. Results:, the symptom score were divided into nasal and non-nasal symptom scores. Sneezing score showed a significant difference, however the score was more in control group than test group, indicating that improvement in symptom was more in control group. The rest of the nasal symptom and non-nasal symptom score showed no significant difference between test and control groups. Approximately 58% of the test subjects developed side effects from consumption of virgin coconut oil, mainly gastrointestinal side effects. Conclusion: In the present study, ingestion of virgin coconut oil does not improve the overall and individual symptoms of allergic rhinitis, furthermore it has side effects.


Author(s):  
M.T. SABITOV ◽  
A.R. FARKHUTDINOVA ◽  
M.G. MALIKOVA ◽  
N.G. FENCHENKO ◽  
N.I. KHAIRULLINA ◽  
...  

Изучена целесообразность использования в рационах телят черно-пестрой породы комплексной минерально-витаминной кормовой добавки (КМВКД). Установлено пониженное содержание в кормах таких элементов, как кальций, фосфор, магний, сера, марганец, медь, цинк и кобальт. Соотношение питательных и минеральных веществ, степень их доступности для усвоения организмом не обеспечивают их потребность. Использование КМВКД способствовало улучшению всех гематологических показателей. Все испытываемые рецепты, имеющие в своем составе разные варианты макро-, микроэлементов и витаминов положительно влияют на обменные про- цессы в организме животных. У молодняка опытной группы, получавшей подкормку по рецепту 1, количество эритроцитов в сравнении с животными контрольной группы увеличилось на 6,6, гемоглобина на 6,93 соответственно, по рецепту 2 11,05 и 11,39 по рецепту 3 16,75 и 15,27, то есть соотношение макро- и микроэлементов, имеющихся в составе КМВКД и взаимодействие между собой меди, железа и кобальта сыграли особую роль на концентрацию форменных элементов. У молодняка, получавшего подкормку по рецепту 1 количество общего белка в сравнении с животными контрольной группы увеличилось на 1,99, кальция на 16,02, каротина на 10,92 соответственно, по рецепту 2 4,91, 25,96 и 19,12 по рецепту 3 на 3,58, 27,07 и 20,21. Значительное повышение содержания белка, кальция, фосфора и каротина по сравнению с животными контрольной группы объясняется тем, что недостаток их в рационах восполнялся за счет используемой подкормки, в результате их содержание увеличилось в сыворотке, но не выходило за пределы нормативных данных и соответствовало физиологическим нормам.Practicability of using a complex mineral and vitamin feed additive (CMVFA) in the ration of black-and-white calf breed was studied. Decreased content of such elements as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur, manganese, copper, zinc, and cobalt was registered. The correlation of nutritive and mineral substances, and the level of their availability for digestion did not provide for their need. CMVFA use facilitated the increase of all hematologic parameters. Tested recipes which had different content of sapropel and zeolite, as well as various types of macronutrients, microelements, and vitamins, positively influenced the digestive processes in animal bodies. Young stock from the test group that was receiving food additives according to recipe No. 1 showed 6.6 increase in the quantity of red blood cells compared to control group animals, and 6.93 increase in hemoglobin quantity the ones who were fed according to recipe No. 2 demonstrated the increase by 11.05 and 11.39 recipe No. 3 showed 16.75 and 15.27 increase, which means that the ratio of macronutrients and microelements present in CMVFA and the mutual interaction of copper, iron, and cobalt played a special role in the concentration of formed elements due to the fact that they are integral elements of blood. Total protein of young stock that was receiving food additives according to recipe No. 1 was 1.99 higher than in test group animals calcium 16.02 higher carotene 10.92 as for recipe No. 2 the values were increased by 4.91, 25.96, and 19.12 recipe No. 3 3.58, 27.07, and 20.21. Substantial increase in the content of protein, calcium, phosphorus, and carotene compared to control group animals can be explained by the fact that their insufficiency in animal feed was replenished due to the use of feed additives, and as a result their content increased in the serum but did not go beyond the norm and corresponded to physiological norms.


Author(s):  
E.R. Mukhametova ◽  
A.D. Militskova ◽  
T.V. Baltina

There are many reasons for postural disorder development, but dysfunction of the cervical spine muscles is the most disputable reason. The purpose of the study is to reveal the influence of latent myogenic trigger zones of the cervical muscles on postural resistance. Materials and Methods. The authors used the method of computer posturography. Latent myogenic trigger zones (LMTZs) were determined by an indurated nodule or bundle in the neck muscle and by hyperesthesia in this zona. Assessment of postural resistance in subjects with LMTZs was carried out using standard posturography tests and Romberg test. Both classical and vector indicators were evaluated in a standard sample. Results. In fact, only vector indicators changed significantly in subjects with multiple LMTZs (4 or more). Thus, a decrease in the equilibrium function quality was established, as well as an increase in the average linear velocity of the pressure center and an increase in the normalized vectorogram area if compared with the indices in the control group and the group with sporadic LMTZs (from 1 to 3). The obtained results indicate a postural control decrease in individuals with multiple LMTZs. Subjects with sporadic LMTZs demonstrated a significant decrease in classical and a number of vector indicators, which shows the improvement in postural resistance in this test group. In Romberg test, all subjects with LMTZs, regardless of the zone number, showed an increasd Romberg coefficient. Conclusion. Multiple LMTZs of cervical muscles can reduce postural stability through increased afferentation from the cervical proprioreceptors. It is more obvious during in case of eye control elimination. Keywords: latent myogenic trigger points, postural control, posturography, Romberg test. Выделяют множество причин развития постуральных нарушений, среди которых дисфункция мышц шейного отдела позвоночника является наиболее спорной. Цель исследования. Выявить влияние латентных миогенных триггерных зон шейной мускулатуры на постуральную устойчивость. Материалы и методы. Использовался метод компьютерной стабилографии. Латентные миогенные триггерные зоны (лМТЗ) определялись по наличию в мышце шеи уплотненного узелка или пучка и по повышенной болевой чувствительности в этой области. Оценка постуральной устойчивости у испытуемых с лМТЗ осуществлялась с помощью стандартного стабилографического тестирования и теста Ромберга. В стандартной пробе оценивались как классические, так и векторные показатели. Результаты. Показано, что у испытуемых с множественными лМТЗ (4 и более) достоверно изменяются только векторные показатели. Так, установлено снижение качества функции равновесия, а также повышение средней линейной скорости центра давления и увеличение нормированной площади векторограммы по сравнению показателями в группе контроля и группе с единичными лМТЗ (от 1 до 3), что указывает на снижение постурального контроля у лиц с множественными лМТЗ. У испытуемых с единичными лМТЗ отмечено достоверное снижение классических показателей и ряда векторных, что свидетельствует об улучшении постуральной устойчивости в данной группе испытуемых. В пробе Ромберга все субъекты с лМТЗ независимо от количества последних показали повышение коэффициента Ромберга. Выводы. Множественные лМТЗ шейной мускулатуры могут снизить постуральную устойчивость через усиление афферентации от шейных проприорецепторов, что наиболее выражено при элиминации зрительного контроля. Ключевые слова: латентные миогенные триггерные точки, постуральный контроль, стабилография, тест Ромберга.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document