CLINICAL CHEMISTRY OF GRAIN-FED CATTLE.: I. A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF A BASIC BIOMEDICAL PROFILE

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. BIDE ◽  
W. J. DORWARD ◽  
M. E. TUMBLESON
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase ◽  
Dietary Adaptation ◽  
Clinical Chemical ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Ad Libitum

In a preliminary study, 12 Hereford range cattle were fed in a feedlot for 105 days and 14-point biomedical profiles were prepared regularly at short intervals for the week prior to and during the feeding period to provide a clinical chemical view of the effects of the regimen upon cattle. The animals were fed for a week on local hay and then adapted to the grain diet (90% steam-rolled barley, 5% beet pulp, 5% of a commercial supplement containing 32% protein) by introducing the diet at 1.0 kg feed/100 kg body weight and increasing the ration 0.45 kg/head per 2 days. The hay ration was progressively reduced at the same time so that from the 8th day onward the animals were eating 0.9 kg/head per day and the grain diet ad libitum. Plasma cholesterol, Ca++, Cl−, bilirubin, creatinine, protein, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, urea nitrogen, glucose, Na+, and K+ were estimated at close intervals to provide linear biomedical profiles. Although no changes were observed that could be classified as pathological either from the clinical chemistry or post-mortem examination, significant changes were observed in the levels of some parameters and in most parameters the variance was significantly higher during the first 40 days of the feeding period. The changes observed would indicate that metabolic adaptation requires at least 40 days following the start of grain feeding in contrast to dietary adaptation, which is generally considered complete 2 days after the animals are eating the grain diet ad libitum.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY OF GRAIN-FED CATTLE.: III. PLASMA THYROID PROFILES WITH NOTES ON INTERFERENCE BY EDDI AND HYPOTHYROID VALUES IN HEREFORDS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. BIDE
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Thyroid Hyperplasia

Linear thyroid profiles consisting of total plasma I (TI), protein-bound iodine (PBI), thyroxine iodine (T4I), tri-iodothyronine uptake (T3U) and the corresponding indices of T7I = T4I* T3U/100 and thyroid binding globulin estimate TBGE = T3U−1 + T4r−0.25 were prepared for 15 grain-fed (test) and 15 hay-fed (control) Hereford steers over a 186-day feeding period. The grain diet, which contained 20 mg/kg of I2 as ethylenediaminedihydriodide (EDDI), consisted of 90% steam-rolled barley, 5% beet pulp pellets and 5% protein–mineral concentrate, supplemented with local alfalfa hay fed at the rate of 0.9 kg/head/day. The control diet was local alfalfa hay given ad libitum. CoI salt blocks containing 0.028% Ca (IO3)2 were available to both groups, free choice. In the test group, TI increased threefold immediately upon introduction of the grain diet, and remained elevated. Plasma PBI increased from 5.0 to 12 μg/dl on day 50 and then fell slowly to 9.0 μg/dl by day 180. T4I, T7I and TBGE decreased during the first 30 days and returned to the original values of 4.6 ± 1.2, 2.3 ± 0.8 and 1.48 ± 0.11 μgI/dl. T3U decreased from 51 to 48% over the feeding period. The PBI and T4I values were not related, probably because EDDI or a metabolite of it interferes with the PBI test. In the control group, the profile values at the beginning and end of the feeding period were in μgI/dl: TI, 7.3 ± 1.5 and 5.6 ± 1.0; PBI, 5.9 ± 1.0 and 5.3 ± 0.7; T4I, 4.2 ± 0.4 and 2.8 ± 0.5; T3U%, 55.8 ± 8.0 and 54.4 ± 6.9. These values provided corresponding index values of T7I, 2.3 ± 0.4 and 1.5 ± 0.4 and TBGE, 1.44 ± 0.04 and 1.31 ± 0.06. The control diet did not provide enough available I2; the thyroid profiles showed a trend towards hypothyroidism, and histologic examination post-mortem revealed thyroid hyperplasia.

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY OF GRAIN-FED CATTLE. II. LIVER FUNCTION

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. BIDE ◽  
W. J. DORWARD
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Plasma Clearance ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Test Animal ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Vitamin Concentrate

The rate of plasma clearance of bilirubin (BCR), as a test of liver function, was followed in three hay-fed and four grain-fed Hereford steers over the first 77 days of a 106-day feeding period. The grain diet was 90% steam rolled barley, 5% beet pulp pellets and 5% of a protein/mineral/vitamin concentrate given together with a hay supplement of 0.9 kg/head/day. The grain was introduced slowly over a 10-day period. Fluctuations in hematocrit values occurred during the adaptation to the grain diet. Periodic episodes of markedly reduced liver function occurred synchronously in test animals during the introduction of the grain diet. Similar episodes of reduced liver function were observed with decreasing frequency and severity as the feeding progressed. After 25 days of grain feeding, loss of synchrony also occurred, so that high values were observed in only one test animal at any one time. As the feeding period progressed, the time required for the distribution and equilibration of the bilirubin in the blood increased in the grain-fed animals causing interference with the BCR tests. The effects on liver function indicated a reduction in the efficiency of the liver which probably contributes to pathologic conditions in feedlot cattle.

The effects of nutrition on reproductive performance, lactation and carcass quality of once bred gilts

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 178-178
Author(s):  
A H Stewart ◽  
S A Edwards ◽  
V R Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Reproductive Physiology ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Ad Libitum

The once bred gilt system of production has a number of benefits in terms of feed efficiency and welfare, however the system relies on the production of a quality carcass and acceptable reproductive performance. Previous studies have indicated that welfare might be improved if gilts were ad-libitum fed a diet containing 60% Sugar beet pulp (Stewart et al 1993). There was a suggestion however that reproductive physiology may be put at risk using such a diet. The objective of this experiment was to identify differences in reproductive performance using two different energy sources in gestation and to manipulate nutrition during lactation to study the effect on carcass quality.

The influence of straw quality and level of concentrate in a completely mixed diet on intake and growth rate in steers

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 58-58
Author(s):  
M. Kay ◽  
G. W. Reid ◽  
E. R. Orskov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Previous Experiment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Straw Quality ◽  
Ad Libitum

Results from a previous experiment with growing steers showed that straw from varieties of winter and spring barley or winter wheat supported different intakes and rates of gain. It was possible to identify those cereal straws most suitable for inclusion in low cost diets for beef cattle. The object of this work was to assess whether complete diets containing a minimum of 35% “good” straw could sustain a high rate of gain in finishing cattle. The trial used 45 Hereford cross steers that weighed 360 kg at the start. There were three types of straw examined; straw from the spring barley variety Corgi, untreated (UC) and ammonia treated (AC) together with ammonia treated winter wheat (AW) cv. Longbow;. Each straw type was included in a complete diet containing either 0.35 (L), 0.45 (M) or 0.55 (H) straw. Ammonia treatment was carried out in an oven with 0.03 anhydrous ammonia for 24 hours. The straw was processed through a tub grinder and the chopped material was transferred to a mixer wagon for diet preparation. All the diets contained fishmeal and urea and equal proportions of rolled barley and molassed sugar beet pulp substituted for the straw. The complete diets were offered ad libitum and the steers were weighed fortnightly until they were estimated to provide carcasses in MLC fat class 4L. Digestibility data for each diet was derived in a subsidary trial using cattle fed ad libitum. The digestibility coefficients for D11 were 0.67 UC; 0.68 AW; 0.69 AC and 0.66 H; 0.68 M; 0.70 L (S.E.D. ± 0.66).

Automated clinical chemistry and haematology in a hospital region

1973 ◽  
Vol 184 (1077) ◽  
pp. 361-368
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Analytical Instruments ◽  
The Past ◽  
Routine Work ◽  
Large Teaching Hospital ◽  
Clinical Chemical ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Flow Of Information

The impact of increasing analytical sophistication has, over the past 20 years, resulted in a remorseless increase in the number of requests submitted to hospital laboratories each year. Increasing numbers of requests led in both the clinical chemical and haematological laboratories to a search for mechanized or automated techniques which would enable a limited number of staff to achieve increases in productivity. In this way, over the past 15 years, there has been a progressive development of analytical instruments of greater and greater versatility whose advent has, to a very large extent, transformed the work of the clinical chemist and the laboratory haematologist and has often, by its very capacity for work, confronted them with a surfeit of data. The necessity to process this increasing flow of information has, in many cases, led to the use of dedicated laboratory computers and to some extent it can be said to have stimulated the concept of centralization at least of the broad mass of routine work in the clinical chemistry and haematology laboratories. This paper describes the steps taken in the laboratories of a large teaching hospital in Northern Ireland to move to a position where such centralization is not only possible but logical.

Automated multiple flow-injection analysis in clinical chemistry: determination of albumin with bromcresol green.

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
B W Renoe ◽  
K K Stewart ◽  
G R Beecher ◽  
M R Wills ◽  
J Savory
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Relative Standard Deviation ◽  
Flow Injection ◽  
Flow Injection Analysis ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Analytical Results ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Clinical Chemical ◽  
Bromcresol Green

Abstract We describe an adaptation of automated multiple flow-injection analysis instrumentation to an analysis for albumin in serum. The bromcresol green reaction was used to test the utility of the system. The approach yielded albumin results with excellent sensitivity, no measurable carryover, a relative standard deviation of less than 1%, good correlations with published procedures, and no measurable interferences. The simplicity and flexibility of the instrumentation and its performance integrity, as indicated by the analytical results, make this a viable clinical chemical tool.

The effect of using fibrous feeds as nutrient diluents on the carcass quality and performance of finishing pigs fed ad libitum

1992 ◽  
Vol 1992 ◽  
pp. 10-10
Author(s):  
B P Gill ◽  
A G Taylor ◽  
B Hardy ◽  
J G Perrott
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Meat Eating ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
And Performance

Satisfactory levels of performance and improved carcass and meat eating quality in growing pigs fed high levels of sugar beet pulp (SBP) have been recently demonstrated by Kay et al. (1990) and Longland et al. (1991). One of the main advantages from feeding SBP was a reduction in carcass fatness and increased returns from improved grading. The objective of this work was to determine whether these benefits could be sustained to heavier finishing weights and to compare differences in the response to SBP as a source of readily fermentable non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and to oat feed (OF), a cereal by-product high in insoluble NSP, which is less easily degraded.

Site of action of putative lipostatic factor: hypothalamic metabolism of parabiotic rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (1) ◽  
pp. R224-R228
Author(s):  
T. R. Kasser ◽  
R. B. Harris ◽  
R. J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Glucose Flux ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
Net Flux ◽  
Ad Libitum

Studies were conducted to determine whether metabolic adaptation occurred in the hypothalamus of overfed parabiotic rats and their partners to distinguish between the adaptations caused by increased caloric intake and those caused by the production of a "lipostatic factor." The induction of overfed obesity in one parabiotic partner was employed to test the hypothesis that a putative lipostatic factor produced in the obese parabiotic elicited the hypophagic-lipid-mobilizing effect observed in the lean parabiotic via alterations in hypothalamic fatty acid and glucose metabolism. Fatty acid oxidation in the ventrolateral hypothalamus (VLH) of overfed parabiotic rats and their partners was lower than in ad libitum parabiotic rats. Net flux of glucose through the VLH gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt was elevated in overfed parabiotic rats compared with the net flux observed in their partners and ad libitum parabiotic rats, the levels being similar in these last two groups. Net flux of glucose through the ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) pentose shunt in overfed parabiotic rats and their partners was elevated relative to ad libitum parabiotic rats. The putative lipostatic factor may act to regulate energy balance through modification of VLH fatty acid oxidation and/or glucose flux via the VMH pentose shunt.

scholarly journals Effect of a Padel Match on Biochemical and Haematological Parameters in Professional Players with Regard to Gender-Related Differences

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8633
Author(s):  
Francisco Pradas ◽  
Alejandro García-Giménez ◽  
Víctor Toro-Román ◽  
Bernardino Javier Sánchez-Alcaraz ◽  
Nicolae Ochiana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Protein Catabolism ◽  
Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
High Level ◽  
Match Effect

Haematological and biochemical parameters have not yet been analysed in professional padel players. The aim of this study was to determine the basal values of these parameters and to observe the effect of a simulated competition on them, including gender-related differences. A total of 14 male professional players (age: 28.2 ± 7.9 years), and 16 female professional players (age: 29.7 ± 3.7 years) participated in this study. Players were allowed to hydrate ad libitum during the matches. Haematological and biochemical values were obtained before and after a simulated competitive padel match. The men’s group showed higher baseline values in red blood cells, haematocrit, haemoglobin, urea, creatinine, uric acid, albumin, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) (p < 0.01) than the women’s group. Attending to match effect, significant differences were obtained in urea, creatinine, CK and glucose (p < 0.05). Finally, the group x match interaction revealed significant differences in serum concentrations of sodium and chloride (p < 0.05). In conclusion, high-level padel matches provoke several changes in biochemical parameters related to muscle damage and protein catabolism. Recovery and fluid intake strategies could be added regarding gender. The results obtained could be due to the differences in the intensity and volume of the simulated competition.

Nutritional and metabolic adaptations to prolonged sleep deprivation in the rat

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (2) ◽  
pp. R376-R387 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Everson ◽  
T. A. Wehr
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Weight Regulation ◽  
Body Weight Regulation

To understand how and why sleep deprivation is physically harmful, we explored the possible causal relationship between its two main effects, 1) negative energy balance and 2) a composite of symptoms that resemble protein malnutrition, both of which occur despite increased food consumption. We provided balanced diets augmented with either protein or calories (by increased fat content) to freely moving rats. Interactions between sleep deprivation symptoms and energy and protein supplies were assessed from measurements of body weight regulation, consumption of macronutrients, clinical chemistry and hematology profiles, and physical appearance. The results indicate that sleep deprivation causes malnutrition, which is secondary to increased energy expenditure. Even though food consumption remained normal in sleep-deprived rats fed a diet of high protein-to-calorie ratio, body weight loss was more than 16% of baseline, development of skin lesions was hastened, and longevity was shortened by 40% compared with sleep-deprived rats fed the calorie-augmented diet. Food consumption of the calorie-fed rats was lower during baseline than that of the protein-fed group but during sleep deprivation increased to amounts 250% of normal without net body weight gain. Despite a fat-laden diet the calorie-fed hyperphagic group did not have abnormal levels of plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, or glucose, indicating accelerated turnover of nutrients. As would be consistent with calorie malnutrition, pronounced clinical chemistry or hematological abnormalities were not found in any group. Beneficial effects of the calorie-augmented diet are attributed to 1) caloric density of fat, 2) induction of hyperphagia, and 3) efficiency of utilization of fat. We conclude that diet composition interacts strongly with sleep deprivation, affecting the time course and development of pathologies, whereas it exerted negligible influence on body weight regulation under normal conditions.

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