COMPARISON OF FABA BEANS (VICIA FABA) WITH SOYBEAN MEAL OR FIELD PEAS (PISUM SATIVUM) AS PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS IN BARLEY DIETS FOR GROWING–FINISHING PIGS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. CASTELL
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Faba Beans

Forty-eight Yorkshire pigs were fed, ad libitum, 18% protein diets which contained 0, 7.5, 15 and 30% faba beans (Vicia faba L. cv. Ackerperle), over the growth period from 25 to 90 kg liveweight. An additional 16 pigs were similarly fed diets containing 15% faba beans or 15% field peas (Pisum sativum L. cv. Trapper). In experiment I, replacement of soybean meal (44% protein) by faba beans as the protein supplement resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) linear reduction in growth rate, from 784 g to 727 g/day, and a linear improvement in Carcass Value Index, from 103.5 to 106.5. The latter effect appeared to be a result of a reduction in backfat thickness rather than an increase in areas of lean tissue. Feed to gain ratio of pigs fed the 7.5% faba bean diet (3.30 kg feed/kg gain) was significantly (P < 0.05) better than all other levels examined. In experiment II, significant differences in live performance and in carcass characteristics of pigs fed faba beans or field peas were not detected. Calculation of the replacement value of faba beans, in relation to barley and soybean meal prices, confirmed the conclusions from other studies which suggested that the greatest benefit is obtained when faba beans constitute part but not all of the supplementary protein in diets for growing–finishing pigs.

EFFECTS OF DIETARY COMPOSITION ON THE RELATIVE PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF MALE AND FEMALE PIGS FED FROM 25 KG TO 92 KG LIVEWEIGHT

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-450
Author(s):  
A. G. CASTELL ◽  
D. T. SPURR
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Relative Performance ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Satisfactory Performance ◽  
Field Peas

One hundred and twenty-four feeder pigs, representing two breed groups (Hampshire × Yorkshire and Yorkshire) were used in three experiments to compare the live performance and carcass characteristics of boars, barrows and gilts fed, from 25 to 92 kg, a 16% protein, barley–soybean meal diet or diets based on a utility grade, soft wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Pitic 62) with 0, 7½ and 15% field peas (Pisum sativum cv. Century) to provide total protein levels of 13, 14 or 15%. Under conditions of adequate nutrition, boars were superior to barrows in efficiency of feed conversion and estimates of carcass leanness, while gilts were intermediate in feed conversion and equivalent to boars in carcass indices. The amount and composition of the diet consumed had a greater effect upon the relative performance of boars and, to a lesser extent, of gilts than was observed with barrows. In addition, the dressing percentage was consistently lower with boars than with barrows or gilts. Sexual odor or taint was not noticeably present in the carcasses at the packing plant, although there was a tendency for meat from boars on restricted feeding to have a higher moisture and darker lean than that present in carcasses from barrows and gilts. The results also suggested that satisfactory performance of growing–finishing pigs could be achieved with diets based on Pitic 62 wheat using field peas as the sole source of supplementary protein.

scholarly journals Field Peas(Pisum sativum)as Protein Source in Diets of Growing-Finishing Pigs

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
T. S. Brand ◽  
D. A. Brandt ◽  
J. P. van der Merwe ◽  
C. W. Cruywagen
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Field Peas

Field peas as a feed for growing and finishing pigs. 2. Effects of substituting peas for meat meal or fish meal in conventional diets

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (127) ◽  
pp. 507 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Davies
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Field Peas ◽  
Maintenance Energy Requirement

In three experiments the effects of substituting field peas (Pisum sativum) for meat meal and/or fish meal in diets fed to growing and finishing pigs were studied. The inclusion of up to 28% peas in growing and finishing diets did not affect the digestible energy intake of pigs fed at up to 3.5 times their maintenance energy requirement. When peas comprised 53% of a diet fed to growing pigs, intake was depressed by 8%. With the exception of this diet, responses were consistent with changes in dietary lysine. It is concluded that, at up to about 40% of the diet, the lysine and energy value of field peas to growing and finishing pigs is consistent with analysed levels of these nutrients.

SUPPLEMENTAL COPPER FOR SWINE: GROWTH, DIGESTIBILITY AND CARCASS MEASUREMENTS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Castell ◽  
J. P. Bowland
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

Four experiments were conducted with a total of 144 pigs to study the effects on rate of gain, efficiency of feed utilization, digestibility and retention of nutrients and carcass characteristics of adding 0.10% CuSO4∙5H2O to the diets of crossbred pigs, fed ad libitum or restricted to scale, from weaning to market weight. The diets contained either fishmeal or soybean meal as protein supplements and were formulated to contain 14 or 17% protein. For ad libitum-fed pigs, the addition of copper to the diet improved rate of gain by 6.2% and efficiency of feed utilization by 3.8% up to 50 kg liveweight, with a lesser improvement for restricted pigs. The increased gain and reduced feed per kg gain with copper supplements were more apparent when fishmeal rather than soybean meal and a high rather than a low protein level were fed. Rate of gain and efficiency of feed utilization were increased only slightly by copper supplements when the overall growth period to market weight was considered. In digestibility studies, chromium sesquioxide as an indicator and total fecal collection gave comparable results, but digestibility coefficients were higher when the total collection method was used. Energy digestibility and nitrogen digestibility and retention were not consistently influenced by supplemental copper. Metabolizable energy was not altered by supplemental copper in the diet. The carcasses of ad libitum-fed pigs receiving supplemental copper with high protein were generally lower in backfat, and had larger cross-sectional areas of the loin and higher carcass ROP scores, than those receiving no supplemental copper. However, pigs fed ad libitum copper-supplemented diets containing fishmeal yielded a large proportion of carcasses with soft fat. This softer consistency of fat was less apparent in carcasses of pigs fed soybean meal and did not occur at market weight in pigs fed diets restricted to scale.

POWDERY MILDEW OF VICIA FABA IN MANITOBA

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. KHARBANDA ◽  
C. C. BERNIER
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Erysiphe Pisi ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
New Hosts

Powdery mildew occurred widely on faba beans (Vicia faba L.) in Manitoba in 1974. Mycelia, and conidia were abundant on both leaf surfaces. The fungus later developed numerous cleistothecia 99–143 μm in diam, with rigid appendages, 128–286 μm in length, dichotomously branched at their apices and ending in recurved tips. Frequently, appendages were contorted and irregularly branched. Cleistothecia contained 5–8 asci. The fungus produced mildew symptoms on Lathyrus ochroleucus Hook., L. odoratus L., L. latifolius L., and Vicia americana Muhl., but failed to infect Lonicera tatarica L., Pisum sativum L., and Syringa vulgaris L. The fungus was identified as Microsphaera penicillata (Wall. ex Fr.) Lév. var. ludens (Salmon) Cooke on the basis of morphological characters and pathogenicity. Lathyrus spp. are new hosts of the fungus. L. ochroleucus and V. americana may be sources of primary inoculum of the fungus in Manitoba. Erysiphe pisi DC. reported to occur on V. faba was not found on any of the specimens.

PERFORMANCE OF SELF-FED PIGS, FROM TWO BREED POPULATIONS DIFFERING IN GROWTH RATE, FROM 18 TO 90 kg LIVEWEIGHT WHEN FINISHER DIETS CONTAINED 0 OR 2.2 ppm BAMBERMYCINS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1005-1013
Author(s):  
A. G. CASTELL
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
Finisher Diets

Seventy-two Lacombe and 72 Yorkshire pigs were separately assigned, at 18-kg average liveweight, to three replicates, each consising of three pens containing eight male castrates, eight gilts or four of each sex. A 16% protein, barley-wheat-soybean meal, diet was fed ad libitum until the pen weight averaged 34 kg. Subsequently, the eight pigs were divided between two adjacent pens and received a 14.5% protein, barley-soybean meal, diet supplemented with 0 or 2.2 ppm bambermycins (Flavomycin) up to 90-kg market weight. Growth rate in the Lacombe population was faster (P < 0.01) in both the growing (730 g/day) and finishing (906 g/day) periods than in the Yorkshires (547 and 767 g/day, respectively). Daily feed intakes were higher (P < 0.01) for the Lacombes (1727 and 3174 vs. 1392 and 2659 g/day, respectively) but gain:feed ratios and carcass measurements were similar in both breeds. Differences between castrates and gilts, for performance and carcass data, were relatively greater in the Yorkshires and appeared to be a result of the breed differences in feed intake. Results from mixed-sex pens were within the range of values obtained from unisex pens. Inclusion of bambermycins did not affect (P > 0.05) live performance or carcass measurements of pigs in either population, perhaps because the experimental conditions allowed a level of growth, in unsupplemented pigs, superior to those typical of commercial production. Key words: Market pigs, sex differences, live performance, carcass measurements, bambermycins, feed intake

EFFECTS OF SOAKING, SEED MOISTURE CONTENT, TEMPERATURE AND SEED LEAKAGE ON GERMINATION OF FABA BEANS (VICIA FABA) AND PEAS (PISUM SATIVUM)

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. ROWLAND ◽  
L. V. GUSTA
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Transverse Cracking ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Faba Beans ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Seed Coats

Among four faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and four pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars, significant differences occurred in the amount of water imbibed by whole seeds and seeds with their seed coats removed. Furthermore, seed soaking significantly reduced germination and growth of seeds of cultivars within both species. Transverse cracking of the cotyledons (TVC) was a cultivar characteristic in faba beans that was negatively associated with germination, but was not a factor in the pea cultivars studied. Low seed moisture and low temperature during imbibition of water reduced seedling growth in faba beans and peas and reduced germination in faba beans. There were significant cultivar differences in both faba beans and peas in the amount of seed leakage after 24 h of soaking. In faba beans the cultivars with the greatest TVC showed the greatest leakage. Smooth-seeded peas leaked more than wrinkle-seeded peas used in the study.

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